Less marked neurological abnormalities can cause urological disorders as well — for example, abnormalities of the sensory nervous system are thought by many researchers to play a role in disorders of painful or frequent urination ( e. g. painful bladder syndrome, formerly known as interstitial cystitis ).

Thus, there are depressive disorders, of which the best-known and most researched is major depressive disorder ( MDD ) commonly called clinical depression or major depression, and bipolar disorder ( BD ), formerly known as manic depression and characterized by intermittent episodes of mania or hypomania, usually interlaced with depressive episodes.

Immediately thereafter she spoke German and was then free of all the innumerable individual disorders which she had formerly shown.

Thus, there are depressive disorders, of which the best known and most researched is major depressive disorder commonly called clinical depression or major depression, and bipolar disorder, formerly known as " manic depression " and described by intermittent periods of manic and depressed episodes.

Gitelman syndrome was formerly considered a subset of Bartter syndrome until the distinct genetic and molecular bases of these disorders were identified.

Yet we continue to be afflicted by nagging disorders.

The electric gadget is most helpful when there are many crowned teeth and in individuals who are elderly, bedfast with a chronic disease, or are handicapped by disorders such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy.

The movement disorders associated with ataxia can be managed by pharmacological treatments and through physical therapy and occupational therapy to reduce disability.

Healthcare providers can also help by educating sufferers about anxiety disorders and referring individuals to self help resources.

The albinistic are generally as healthy as the rest of the population ( but see related disorders below ), with growth and development occurring as normal, and albinism by itself does not cause mortality, although the lack of pigment blocking ultraviolet radiation increases the risk of skin cancer and other problems.

In the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association ( DSM-IV-TR ) it is not recognized as a separate disorder, but is associated with psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia ( catatonic type ), bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and other mental disorders, as well as drug abuse or overdose ( or both ).

Studies conducted by the APPA show substantial evidence that young adults who feel a sense of belonging in a community, particularly small communities, develop fewer psychiatric and depressive disorders than those who do not have the feeling of love and belonging.

A systematic review of CBT in depression and anxiety disorders concluded that " CBT delivered in primary care, especially including computer-or Internet-based self-help programs, is potentially more effective than usual care and could be delivered effectively by primary care therapists.

In particular, the term is not recognised as a specific disorder by the American Psychiatric Association in its latest categorisation of disorders, nor is it recognised by the World Health Organisation as a valid disorder.

Though the Shang did not have a concept of " medicine " as distinct from other fields, their oracular inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells refer to illnesses that affected the Shang royal family: eye disorders, toothaches, bloated abdomen, etc., which Shang elites usually attributed to curses sent by their ancestors.

Category: Genetic disorders by system

Charcot – Marie – Tooth disease ( CMT ), also known as Charcot – Marie – Tooth neuropathy, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy ( HMSN ) and peroneal muscular atrophy ( PMA ) — is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of inherited disorders of the peripheral nervous system characterised by progressive loss of muscle tissue and touch sensation across various parts of the body.

However, the term disorder is also used in many other areas of medicine, primarily to identify physical disorders that are not caused by infectious organisms, such as metabolic disorders.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ) published by the American Psychiatric Association provides a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders.

The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems ( ICD ), produced by the World Health Organization ( WHO ), is another commonly used manual which includes criteria for mental disorders.

The criteria adopted for many of the mental disorders were taken from the Research Diagnostic Criteria ( RDC ) and Feighner Criteria, which had just been developed by a group of research-orientated psychiatrists based primarily at Washington University in St. Louis and the New York State Psychiatric Institute.

This refers, roughly, to whether the disorders it defines are actually real conditions in people in the real world, that can be consistently identified by its criteria.

" However, the DSM is based on an underlying structure that assumes discrete medical disorders that can be separated from each other by symptom patterns.

Kleinman's negative view towards the culture-bound syndrome is largely shared by other cross-cultural critics, common responses included both disappointment over the large number of documented non-Western mental disorders still left out, and frustration that even those included were often misinterpreted or misrepresented.

Diuretics are often abused by sufferers of eating disorders, especially bulimics, in attempts at weight loss.

Kraepelin proposed that by studying case histories and identifying specific disorders, the progression of mental illness could be predicted, after taking into account individual differences in personality and patient age at the onset of disease.

This turned out to be his paradigm-setting synthesis of the hundreds of mental disorders classified by the 19th century, grouping diseases together based on classification of syndromes — common patterns of symptoms — rather than by simple similarity of major symptoms in the manner of his predecessors.

A basic concept in some CBT treatments used in anxiety disorders is in vivo exposure, a term describing a technique where the patient is gradually exposed to the actual, feared stimulus.

A medical condition is a broad term that includes all diseases and disorders.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ), the widely used psychiatric manual that defines all mental disorders, uses the term general medical condition to refer to all diseases, illnesses, and injuries except for mental disorders.

Anxious to curb further disorders in the region, the United States began to urge Carías to step aside and allow free elections when his current term in office expired.

The DSM-II ( 1968 ) continued to use the term " sexual deviations ", but no longer ascribed them under personality disorders, but rather them alongside them in a broad category titled " personality disorders and certain other nonpsychotic mental disorders ".

The term " paraphilia " was introduced in the DSM-III ( 1980 ) as a subset of the new category of " psychosexual disorders ".

Kraepelin used the term ' manic depressive insanity ' to describe the whole spectrum of mood disorders, in a far wider sense than it is usually used today.

Dissociation, the term that underlies the dissociative disorders including DID, lacks a precise, empirical and generally agreed upon definition.

" The DSM-III grouped the diagnosis with the other four major dissociative disorders using the term " multiple personality disorder ".

Originally, this term was used for all factitious disorders.

Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome may induce or mimic psychiatric disorders temporarily or long term such as Depression ( clinical ), Anxiety disorder, Psychosis and in rare cases, even Suicidal ideation.

In the medical profession the term is now avoided in favor of diagnoses of specific mental disorders ; the presence of delusions or hallucinations is broadly referred to as psychosis.

Thus, without careful assessment and history, delirium can easily be confused with a number of psychiatric disorders or long term organic brain syndromes, because many of the signs and symptoms of delirium are conditions also present in dementia, depression, and psychosis.

* Delirium is distinguished by time-course from the confusion and lack of attention which result from long term learning disorders and varieties of congenital brain dysfunction.

ISNA later sought to promote the term disorders of sex development, and in 2006 released Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Disorders of Sex Development in Childhood.

Long term disturbances of mood such as depression and bipolar disorder are considered mood disorders.