It also appears that divergence of the three groups took place in the Paleozoic or early Mesozoic before the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea and soon after their divergence from the lobe-finned fish.

According to Steven H Silver, alternate history requires three things: 1 ) the story must have a point of divergence from the history of our world prior to the time at which the author is writing, 2 ) a change that would alter history as it is known, and 3 ) an examination of the ramifications of that change.

Osiander's divergence from Luther's doctrine of justification by faith involved him in a violent quarrel with Philip Melanchthon, who had adherents in Königsberg, and these theological disputes soon created an uproar in the town.

Pre-Angkorian Khmer, the language after its divergence from Proto-Mon – Khmer until the ninth century, is only known from words and phrases in Sanskrit texts of the era.

Owing respectively to Green's theorem and the divergence theorem, such a field is necessarily conserved and free from sources or sinks, having net flux equal to zero through any open domain.

* In Scotland, the Disruption of 1843 refers to the divergence from the Church of Scotland of the Free Church of Scotland

More technically, the divergence represents the volume density of the outward flux of a vector field from an infinitesimal volume around a given point.

Continuing the divergence from rock and roll and blues begun by his work with Farthingale, Bowie joined forces with Finnigan, Christina Ostrom and Barrie Jackson to run a folk club on Sunday nights at the Three Tuns pub in Beckenham High Street.

The origin of the divergence of the term " extreme sports " from " sports " may date to the 1950s in the appearance of a phrase usually, but wrongly, attributed to Ernest Hemingway.

According to genetic studies, divergence of primates from other mammals began and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around.

In the 1990s several teams of paleoanthropologists were working throughout Africa looking for evidence of the earliest divergence of the Hominin lineage from the great apes.

Nearly all modern non-African humans have 1 % to 4 % of their DNA derived from Neanderthal DNA, and this finding is consistent with recent studies indicating that the divergence of some human alleles dates to one Ma, although the interpretation of these studies has been questioned.

While the divergence point of the mtDNA was unexpectedly deep in time, the full genomic sequence suggested the Denisovans belonged to the same lineage as Neanderthals, with the two diverging shortly after their line split from that giving rise to modern humans.

This divergence from tradition led some of his colleagues, including Andre Weitzenhoffer, to dispute whether Erickson was right to label his approach " hypnosis " at all.

This is often recalculated as the divergence from the product of the marginal distributions to the actual joint distribution:

Another interpretation of KL divergence is this: suppose a number X is about to be drawn randomly from a discrete set with probability distribution p ( x ).

On the other hand the light from a semiconductor laser typically exits the tiny crystal with a large divergence: up to 50 °.

Their nearest linguistic relatives are the Igala who live on the opposite side of the Niger's divergence from the Benue, and from whom they are believed to have split about 2, 000 years ago.

Conversely, the cultural divergence at the border became sharper: in theory, a uniform French identity extends from the Atlantic coast to the Rhine, and on the other bank of the Rhine, a uniform German identity begins.

* Div ( divergence ) is a vector operator that measures a vector field's divergence from or convergence towards a given point.

Unlike the gradient and divergence, curl does not generalize as simply to other dimensions ; some generalizations are possible, but only in three dimensions is the geometrically defined curl of a vector field again a vector field.

With this additional condition — the covariant divergence of the energy – momentum tensor, and hence of whatever is on the other side of the equation, is zero — the simplest set of equations are what are called Einstein's ( field ) equations:

The divergence between the modernized classical views, on the one hand, and the historical and Marxist schools, on the other hand, is wider, so much so, indeed, as to bar out a consideration of the postulates of the latter under the same head of inquiry with the former.

Conversely, Elijah Delmedigo ( c. 1458 – c. 1493 ), in his Bechinat ha-Dat endeavored to show that the Zohar could not be attributed to Shimon bar Yochai, arguing that if it were his work, the Zohar would have been mentioned by the Talmud, as has been the case with other works of the Talmudic period, that had bar Yochai known by divine revelation the hidden meaning of the precepts, his decisions on Jewish law from the Talmudic period would have been adopted by the Talmud, that it would not contain the names of rabbis who lived at a later period than that of Simeon ; and that if the Kabbalah was a revealed doctrine, there would have been no divergence of opinion among the Kabbalists concerning the mystic interpretation of the precepts.

A molecular phylogeny based on rDNA analysis dating from 2005 suggests that salamanders and caecilians are more closely related to each other than they are to frogs and that the divergence of the three groups took place in the Paleozoic or early Mesozoic before the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea and soon after their divergence from the lobe-finned fish.

If the beam has been collimated using a lens or other focusing element, the divergence expected can be calculated from two parameters: the diameter,, of the narrowest point on the beam before the lens, and the focal length of the lens,.

where ∇• is the divergence operator, ρ is the total charge density, including free and bound charge, in other words all the charge present in the system ( per unit volume ).

In 1912 Jung published Wandlungen und Symbole der Libido ( known in English as Psychology of the Unconscious ) resulting in a theoretical divergence between him and Freud and consequently a break in their friendship, each stating that the other was unable to admit he could possibly be wrong.

The divergence theorem states that the net outflux through a closed surface, in other words the net outflux from a 3D region, is found by adding the local net outflow from each point in the region ( which is expressed by the divergence ).

The divergence of the pantherine cats ( including the living genera Panthera, Uncia, and Neofelis ) from the subfamily Felinae ( including all other living cat species ) has been ranked between six and ten million years ago.

Despite relatively recent evolutionary divergence ( 90 million years ), the extent of molecular divergence between centrics and pennates indicates rapid evolutionary rates within the Bacillariophyceae compared to other eukaryotic groups.

This divergence from other martial arts creates a high-pressure, high-intensity environment for sumo wrestlers.

Another complication in its classification is that it is older than the human – chimpanzee divergence ( estimated to ) seen in genetic data, and that there are few if any specimens other than the partial cranium known as Toumaï.

It also sits on the divergence of two rail lines, one to birmingham and the other to chattanooga.

By applying the divergence theorem in various contexts, other useful identities can be derived ( cf.

As in other regions of the Peninsula, there is a divergence between the dialect of the nomadic Bedouins and the dialect of the sedentary townspeople.

Within the well-supported clade of the genus Gyps which includes Asian, African, and European populations, it has been determined that this species is basal with the other species being more recent in their species divergence.

Indeed, researchers found significant genetic divergence between the two groups, as well as between them and another isolated population of C. a. alleganiensis.

* A paper presented at the American Anthropological Association's Annual Meeting ( Nov 1996 ) about Five Percenters and its influence on hip hop music, as well as its divergence from traditional Islam

Indians ' tendency to pronounce English phonetically as well can cause divergence from Western English.

From a mathematical point of view the IR divergences can be regularized by assuming fractional differentiation with respect to a parameter, for example is well defined at p = a but is UV divergent, if we take the 3 / 2-th fractional derivative with respect to we obtain the IR divergence, so we can cure IR divergences by turning them into UV divergences.

The processing in the retina includes the formation of center-surround receptive fields of bipolar and ganglion cells in the retina, as well as convergence and divergence from photoreceptor to bipolar cell.

Another indication of the early divergence of this species from the " white " cockatoo lineage is the presence of features found otherwise only in corellas, such as the plaintive yodeling cry, as well as others which are unique to Major Mitchell's and the true white cockatoos, for example the large crest and rounded wing shape.

* Version 2: As long as private property rights are well defined under zero transaction cost, exchange will eliminate divergence and lead to efficient use of resources or highest valued use of resources.

The Euler equations can be applied to compressible as well as to incompressible flow – using either an appropriate equation of state or assuming that the divergence of the flow velocity field is zero, respectively.

In daily writing, which was not embellished in this manner, the typical script continued evolving in different directions in various regions, and this divergence was accelerated by both a lack of central political control as well as the spread of writing outside of the nobility.

S. c. fruticola from Indonesia ( Moyo Island population appeared to be well differentiated from specimens from Lembata Island with a divergence estimated to about 360, 000 years ago.

Although these subspecies are not well distinguishable by mtDNA allozyme variation ( Karl et al., 1987 ), they breed true and the low genetic divergence can be explained by separation during the Pleistocene and renewed contact in Montana during more recent times ( Jehl et al., 1990 ).

He is Johnny's best friend and frequently his voice of reason, and may very well be the reason for the divergence in this series when compared to the novel or 1983 movie ( Johnny never tried to kill Greg Stillson before the election ).

One such divergence, Tracker. NewFS, has distinctive source code for file system operations, as well as support for SVG icons.

The NATM is not a set of specific excavation and support techniques and has often been referred to as a " design as you go " approach to tunnelling providing an optimized support based on observed ground conditions but more correctly it is a " design as you monitor " approach based on observed convergence and divergence in the lining as well as mapping of prevailing rock conditions.

Despite the beam being narrow, it will eventually spread over long distances due to the divergence of the laser beam, as well as due to scintillation and beam wander effects, caused by the presence of air bubbles in the air acting as lenses ranging in size from microscopic to roughly half the height of the laser beam's path above the earth.

As well as the absolute Rényi entropies, Rényi also defined a spectrum of divergence measures generalising the Kullback – Leibler divergence.

But a number of extra-biblical sources, some relatively early, claim to provide her immediate ancestry, as well as an explanation for the divergence between Matthew and Luke.

The evidence suggest further that presumably, Igala separated form the group before the split of Yoruba into the present day Yoruba dialects considering the extent of linguistic divergence found between Igala on one hand, and the rest of Yoruba on the other ” ( 1978: 32 ) Akinkugbe cites lexicostatistic evidence as well as evidence of sound shifts and lexical innovations as support or corroboration of this claim.