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The earliest Buddhist texts explain that the four primary material elements are the sensory qualities solidity, fluidity, temperature, and mobility ; their characterization as earth, water, fire, and air, respectively, is declared an abstraction — instead of concentrating on the fact of material existence, one observes how a physical thing is sensed, felt, perceived.
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earliest and Buddhist
The two oldest printed Chinese calendars are dated 877 and 882 ; they were found at the Buddhist pilgrimage site of Dunhuang ; Patricia Ebrey writes that it is no surprise that some of the earliest printed items were calendars, since the Chinese found it necessary to calculate and mark which days were auspicious and which were not.
A Buddhist scripture printed in 868 is the earliest known printed book.
The earliest reference to Buddhist views on religious pluralism in a political sense is found in the Edicts of Emperor Ashoka:
* The Diamond Sūtra, a woodblock printed Buddhist scripture dated 868, is discovered by Aurel Stein in the Mogao Caves in China ; it is " the earliest complete survival of a dated printed book ".
The earliest mention of the Babri water well was in a two line reference to the Mosque in the Gazette of Faizabad District 1918 which says " There are no significant historical buildings here, except for various Buddhist shrines.
* The Diamond Sūtra, a woodblock printed Buddhist scripture dated 868, is discovered by Aurel Stein at the Mogao Caves, near Dunhuang in China ; it is " the earliest complete survival of a dated printed book ".
* 296: The earliest surviving Chinese Buddhist scripture dates from this year ( Zhu Fo Yao Ji Jing, discovered in Dalian, late 2005 ).
Notably, his efforts represent one of the earliest attempts to combine the scientific understanding and reasoning of the West with the Buddhist religion of the East.
The Jatakas were originally amongst the earliest Buddhist literature, with metrical analysis methods dating their average contents to around the 4th century BCE.
Other sections of the earliest Buddhist writings ( i. e., the Vinaya ) required that monks confess their individual sins before their bi-weekly convening for the recitation of the Patimokkha.
It is one of the earliest Buddhist temples built entirely in brick that is still standing in India, from the late Gupta period.
250-300 AD, decorated with a row of Buddhas seated on lotus-petal thrones, said to be one of the earliest examples of Chinese Buddhist art.
The teachings of the Sūtra Piṭaka are usually considered to be one of the earliest teachings on Buddhism and a core text of the Early Buddhist Schools in China.
One of the earliest Buddhist apologetic texts is The Questions of King Milinda, which deals with ethical and intellectual problems.
Temple 17 is probably one of the earliest Buddhist temples as it dates to the early Gupta period.
Expressing views found in Buddhist texts from their earliest times, he has argued, for example, that, at least in the early stages of their spiritual careers, men are more apt to commit themselves to the spiritual life than women.
Some of the earliest and most important Tathāgatagarbha sūtras have been associated by scholars with certain early Buddhist schools in India.
The expression Three Gems are found in the earliest Buddhist literature of the Pali Canon, besides other works there is one sutta in the Sutta-nipata, called the Ratana-sutta which contains a series of verses on the Jewels in the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha.
Some of the earliest structures still extant in Japan are Buddhist temples established at this time.
It was initially thought that the Buddhist caves were one of the earliest structures, created between the fifth and eighth centuries, with caves 1-5 in the first phase ( 400-600 ) and 6-12 in the later phase ( mid 7th-mid 8th ), but now it is clear to the modern scholars that some of the Hindu caves ( 27, 29, 21, 28, 19, 26, 20, 17 and 14 ) precede these caves.
The earliest Buddhist cave is Cave 6, followed by 5, 2, 3, 5 ( right wing ), 4, 7, 8, 10 and 9.
He is one of the earliest and most prolific developers of online research resources for the field of Buddhist Studies, being the founder and managing editor of both the Digital Dictionary of Buddhism and the H-Buddhism Scholars Information Network, along with having digitized and published numerous reference works.
The Buddhist in Takth i Raustam here in the form of a mound, located on the hilltop, represents the earliest link to the evolution of Buddhist architecture in Afghanistan
earliest and texts
The earliest known texts in a Turkic language are the Orkhon inscriptions, of which the earliest dates from around 720 AD and the latest from 735 AD ( Miller 1971: 3 ).
Some of the earliest historiographic texts ( ABC 19, 20 ) suggest he rebuilt the city of Babylon ( Bab-ilu ) in its new location near Akkad.
In the earliest Indian astronomy texts, the year was believed to be 360 days long, similar to that of Babylonian astrology, but the rest of the early astrological system bears little resemblance.
The Buddha of the earliest Buddhists texts describes Dharma ( in the sense of " truth ") as " beyond reasoning " or " transcending logic ", in the sense that reasoning is a subjectively introduced aspect of the way unenlightened humans perceive things, and the conceptual framework which underpins their cognitive process, rather than a feature of things as they really are.
" The Acts of the Scilitan Martyrs ", one of the earliest texts which offer evidence of the development of " the Bible ", indicates that the leader of the Scilitan Martyrs possessed a " capsa ", or container for scroll-form books ( volumen, pl.
The earliest surviving recordings of this are in the Ma Wang Dui texts and Huang Di Nei Jing.
The book publisher Berkley in 1977 issued three volumes using the earliest published form of the texts from Weird Tales, but these failed to displace the edited versions.
The Classic of History, one of the Five Classics of Chinese classic texts is one of the earliest narratives of China.
The Spring and Autumn Annals, the official chronicle of the State of Lu covering the period from 722 BCE to 481 BCE, is among the earliest surviving Chinese historical texts to be arranged on annalistic principles.
Its origins are postulated from illustrated sermon texts ; the earliest recorded visual scheme was a now lost mural in the Saints Innocents Cemetery in Paris dating from 1424-25.
Another method specified by Chinese texts — the earliest dating to 1110 — specified the use of saponin ( from the beans of Gleditschia sinensis ) to extract hormones, but gypsum ( containing calcium sulfate ) was also known to have been used.
An exception is the 1789 publication Natural History of Selborne by Gilbert White ( 1720 – 1793 ), considered by some to be one of the earliest texts on ecology.
Eucharist: the Greek noun εὐχαριστία ( eucharistia ), meaning " thanksgiving ", is not used in the New Testament as a name for the rite ; however, the related verb is found in New Testament texts concerning the Last Supper, including the earliest:
The earliest references to the Euphrates come from cuneiform texts found in Shuruppak and pre-Sargonic Nippur in southern Iraq and date to the mid-3rd millennium BCE.
Amongst the earliest books to be printed were magical texts ; the nóminas were one example of this, consisting of prayers to the saints used as talismans.
To the west and south of the core territory lay the region known as Luwiya in the earliest Hittite texts.
The earliest Mahāyāna texts often use the term Mahāyāna as an epithet and synonym for Bodhisattvayāna, but the term Hīnayāna is comparatively rare in early texts, and is usually not found at all in the earliest translations.
The very earliest accounts of belief are contained in these texts, such as early Christian creeds and hymns, as well as accounts of the Passion, the empty tomb, and Resurrection appearances ; some of these are dated to the 30s or 40s CE, originating within the Jerusalem Church.
* Sliesthorp in the earliest Saxon and Frankish texts.
Though Chrétien ’ s account is the earliest and most influential of all Grail texts, it was in the work of Robert de Boron that the Grail truly became the " Holy Grail " and assumed the form most familiar to modern readers.
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