Thus, while it remains possible that the Babylonians and/or the Pythagoreans may perhaps have had the magic square of three before the Chinese did, more definite evidence will have to turn up from the Middle East or the Classical World before China can lose her claim to the earliest known magic square by more than a thousand years.

His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, which was incorporated in the late 19th century into modern formal logic.

The oldest known caecilian is Eocaecilia micropodia, also from Arizona, while the earliest salamander is Beiyanerpeton jianpingensis from the Late Jurassic of northeastern China.

The earliest known written documentation of the Chinese abacus dates to the 2nd century BC.

The earliest known alphabet in the wider sense is the Wadi el-Hol script, believed to be an abjad, which through its successor Phoenician is the ancestor of modern alphabets, including Arabic, Greek, Latin ( via the Old Italic alphabet ), Cyrillic ( via the Greek alphabet ) and Hebrew ( via Aramaic ).

The earliest known texts in a Turkic language are the Orkhon inscriptions, of which the earliest dates from around 720 AD and the latest from 735 AD ( Miller 1971: 3 ).

The earliest Mongolic language of which we have written evidence is known as Middle Mongol.

The afterlife played an important role in Ancient Egyptian religion, and its belief system is one of the earliest known.

The earliest known record of argot was in a 1628 document.

The earliest known Christian monastic communities ( see Monasticism ) consisted of groups of cells or huts collected about a common center, which was usually the house of some hermit or anchorite famous for holiness or singular asceticism, but without any attempt at orderly arrangement.

This violin, now at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, may have been part of a set made for the marriage of Philip II of Spain to Elisabeth of Valois in 1559, which would make it one of the earliest known violins in existence.

The earliest known sound recording of Advance Australia Fair appears in " The Landing of the Australian Troops in Egypt ", circa 1916, a short commercial recording dramatising arrival of the Australian troops in Egypt en route to Gallipoli.

On 25 May 1824, the town plat was registered with Wayne County as " Annsarbour "; this represents the earliest known use of the town's name.

The earliest known autobiography in English is the early 15th-century Booke of Margery Kempe, describing among other things her pilgrimage to the Holy Land and visit to Rome.

The earliest known Christian image of an angel, in the Cubicolo dell ' Annunziazione in the Catacomb of Priscilla, which is dated to the middle of the third century, is without wings.

The earliest known representation of angels with wings is on what is called the Prince's Sarcophagus, discovered at Sarigüzel, near Istanbul, in the 1930s, and attributed to the time of Theodosius I ( 379-395 ).

Native Americans were the earliest inhabitants of the land that is today known as the United States and played its first music.

" Paddy on the Railway " is attested as a chanty in the earliest known published work to use the word " chanty ," G. E.

The earliest known personification of what would become the United States was " Columbia " who first appeared in 1738 and sometimes was associated with Liberty.

From the time that the earliest English-speaking settlers arrived, the area has also been known as The Forks, because it is situated at the confluence of the north and south branches of the Kalamazoo River.

The earliest known date for a simple glue is 200, 000 BC and for a compound glue 70, 000 BC.

The earliest record of a settlement at Ajaccio having a name ancestral to its name is the exhortation in Epistle 77 written in 601 CE of Gregory the great to the Defensor Boniface, one of two known rectors of the early Corsican church, not to leave Aleria and Adjacium without bishops.

The earliest known literary use of the word assassination is in Macbeth by William Shakespeare ( 1605 ).

One of the earliest articulations of the anthropological meaning of the term " culture " came from Sir Edward Tylor who writes on the first page of his 1897 book: “ Culture, or civilization, taken in its broad, ethnographic sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society .” The term " civilization " later gave way to definitions by V. Gordon Childe, with culture forming an umbrella term and civilization becoming a particular kind of culture.

All Council of Europe member states are party to the Convention and new members are expected to ratify the convention at the earliest opportunity.

The earliest known member of a Hittite speaking dynasty, Pithana, was based at the city of Kussara.

The family itself is also sometimes known as the Liudolfings, after its earliest known member Liudolf and one of its primary leading-names.

One of his earliest songwriting efforts was " Needles and Pins " which he co-wrote with Jack Nitzsche, another member of Spector's production team.

This last estimate may conflict with the fossil record depending on whether the genus Kayentachelys, whose fossils date to around, is the earliest known member of Cryptodira or lies outside the least inclusive clade containing Cryptodira and Pleurodira.

Gun, the father of Yu the Great, is the earliest recorded member of the Xia clan.

Males were almost as likely to have positions of authority over both males and females, and the tradition of Matriarchy, where the highest ranking member was always a female, was not a special directive of the Demon Queen Lolth but rather had been a reality in Drow society since the earliest times attributed naturally to a few ability scores by the male gender being on average inferior, and particularly due to the ' wisdom ' ability rating being on average quite inferior to the females.

By the earliest days of the Republic, every member of a household had at least two names — praenomen, and the genitive form of the pater familias ( head of the family ) name, which became a fixed and inherited nomen ( name ).

In 1559, a member of the line, Duke Wolfgang, founded the earliest grammar school of the town ( Herzog-Wolfgang-Gymnasium ), which existed until 1987.

One branch would evolve into cetaceans, the other branch became the anthracotheres, a large family of four-legged beasts, whose earliest member, from the Late Eocene, would have resembled narrow hippopotami with comparatively small and thin heads.

The earliest known member of the family was Berthold I, Count in the Breisgau ( died 982 ), who was first mentioned in 962.

eCall is expected to be offered, at earliest, by the end of 2010, pending standardization by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute and commitment from large EU member states such as France and the United Kingdom.

In 1862 it competed in what may be the earliest challenge trophy competition, was a foundation member of the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) ( 1877 ), one of two associations and governing bodies formed in the same year and in 1897 it became a foundation member of the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) competition which later became the national Australian Football League ( AFL ).

At the age of De Jong is the oldest living and earliest serving former Prime Minister of the Netherlands and the second oldest living former member of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands, after former Minister of Colonial Affairs Gerard Helders ( currently aged ) who served in the Third Drees cabinet ( 1957 – 1958 ) and the Second Beel cabinet ( 1958 – 1959 ).

Lennart Westerlund-a key member of The Rhythm Hot Shots and authoritative Lindy Hop historian-described the differences in styles between Manning and Al Minns, the dancer he worked with in the earliest years of the Lindy Hop revival.

Joined by touring keyboardist Leon Forrest and bassist Alistair MacLatchy, who had in fact been an original member of the band in its very earliest incarnation, Bal-Sagoth teamed up with Dark Funeral and Ancient in March 1997 for the " Starfire Engulfs Europe Tour " ( AKA the " Satanic War Tour II "), a 23-date trek through Europe, followed by the second leg in October 1997 with the black metal band Emperor and thrash metal outfit Nocturnal Breed.

One of the earliest uses of the TR-808 for a live performance was by Yellow Magic Orchestra in December 1980 for the song " 1000 Knives ," an electro rendition of member Ryuichi Sakamoto's " Thousand Knives " ( 1978 ).

For over 100 years, the Cornhuskers participated in what is now known as the Big 12 Conference, having been a member since the conference's earliest predecessor, the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association, later the Big 8 Conference, was founded.

In addition to his role as a founding member of The Triangle Club, he was also among the earliest members of the Ivy Club, the first of Princeton's historic Eating Clubs.

Alan Moore in his League of Extraordinary Gentlemen enlists The Pilgrim's Progress protagonist, Christian, as a member of the earliest version of this group, Prospero's Men, having become wayward on his journey during his visit in Vanity Fair, stepping down an alleyway and found himself in London in the 1670s, and unable to return to his homeland.

It formed on April 5, 1913 and on August 15 of that year was accepted as one of the earliest member organizations of FIFA and the first from North and Central America.

The earliest certain records of Readers are from the 16th century — although the Inn's records only start at 1569 William Dugdale ( himself a member ) published a list in his Origines Juridiciales dating from 1514.