In early 1942, the laboratory group at Columbia was asked to move to the University of Chicago as part of the Manhattan Project.

The program was created by Jean-Loup Gailly and Mark Adler as a free software replacement for the program used in early Unix systems, and intended for use by the GNU Project ( the " g " is from " GNU ").

Besides the already mentioned Project Xanadu, Hypertext Editing System, NLS, HyperCard, and World Wide Web, there are other noteworthy early implementations of hypertext, with different feature sets: Hypertext Editing System ( HES ) IBM 2250 Display console – Brown University 1969

He further asserted that for twenty years, starting in the early 1950s, the CIA and the Defense Department conducted secret research ( notably including Project MKULTRA ) in an attempt to develop practical brainwashing techniques, and that their attempt failed.

Research into fusion for military purposes began in the early 1940s as part of the Manhattan Project, but this was not accomplished until 1951 ( see the Greenhouse Item nuclear test ), and nuclear fusion on a large scale in an explosion was first carried out on November 1, 1952, in the Ivy Mike hydrogen bomb test.

Pakistan has two major river dams: the Tarbela Dam on the Indus, near the early Buddhist site at Taxila, and the Mangla Dam on the Jhelum, where Punjab borders Azad Kashmir built as part of the Indus Basin Project.

Project control begins early in the project with planning and ends late in the project with post-implementation review, having a thorough involvement of each step in the process.

It later became known that Stalin was actually aware of the atomic bomb before Truman was, as he had multiple spies that had infiltrated the Manhattan Project from very early on ( notably Klaus Fuchs, Ted Hall, and David Greenglass ), while Truman had only learned about the weapon after Roosevelt's death.

In the early 1980s Julian Richards led the Stonehenge Environs Project, a detailed study of the surrounding landscape.

Following pressure by the American Rocket Society, the National Science Foundation, and the International Geophysical Year, military interest picked up and in early 1955 the Army and Navy were working on Project Orbiter, two competing programs, the army's which involved using a Jupiter C rocket, and the civilian / Navy Vanguard Rocket, to launch a satellite.

The World Poetry Bout Association sponsored the earliest slam poetry workshops for teenagers, through its " Poetry Education Project " in Taos, New Mexico, in the early 1990s.

The US Air Force had studied these concepts under " Project Defender " as early as 1958, which included work on the " Ballistic Missile Boost Interceptor ", or BAMBI.

A reason Von Braun, head of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center during the 1960s, advocated for a smaller station after his large one was not built was that he wished to provide his employees with work beyond developing the Saturn rockets, which would be completed relatively early during Project Apollo.

Another of the early songs to feature a vocoder was " The Raven " on the 1976 album Tales of Mystery and Imagination by progressive rock band The Alan Parsons Project ; the vocoder also was used on later albums such as I Robot.

In early 1964 Alan Shepard was grounded after being diagnosed with Ménière's disease and Grissom was designated command pilot for Gemini 3, the first manned Project Gemini flight, which flew on March 23, 1965.

According to the Vision for Space Exploration, the next manned NASA program was to be Project Constellation with its Ares I and Ares V launch vehicles and the Orion Spacecraft ; however, the Constellation program was never fully funded, and in early 2010 the Obama administration asked Congress to instead endorse a plan with heavy reliance on the private sector for delivering cargo and crew to LEO.

Following efforts by physicists Ross Gunn, Philip Abelson and others in the Manhattan Project, he became an early convert to the idea of nuclear marine propulsion.

The Belgian company Union Minière du Haut Katanga provided the United States with much of the uranium required by the Manhattan Project and the early cold war ( see: history of nuclear weapons ).

Project Mogul was the forerunner of the Skyhook balloon program, which started in the late 1940s, as well as another espionage program involving overflights and photo-surveillance of the Soviet Union in the early 1950s, called Project Moby Dick.

The prestigious Inga Project was launched in the early 1970's and at that time the first dam was completed.

A rough draft of the human genome was completed by the Human Genome Project in early 2001, creating much fanfare.

* Colossus: The Forbin Project ( 1970 ) — The title sequences to this film include tape drives and other early CDC equipment.

Floating point became a focus for the America Project, and IBM was able to use new algorithms developed in the early 1980s that could support 64-bit double-precision multiplies and divides in a single cycle.

In the early 1980s the lessons learned on the 801 were put back into the new America Project, which led to the IBM POWER architecture and the RS / 6000 deskside scientific microcomputer.

The local network address used in IP-Ethernet is called MAC address because it historically was part of the MAC layer in early Ethernet implementations.

During part of this time, MIT's Project MAC had a second copy of CTSS, but the system did not spread beyond two sites ( though this applies to many early computer systems ).

ITS, the Incompatible Timesharing System ( named in comparison with the Compatible Time-Sharing System also in use at MIT ), was an early, revolutionary, and influential time-sharing operating system from MIT ; it was developed principally by the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT, with some help from Project MAC.

Fernando Corbató reviews his early educational and naval experiences in the Eddy program during World War II, including the Compatible Time-Sharing System ( CTSS ), Project MAC, and Multics.

* In the early 60s, IBM sought to maintain dominance over scientific computing, where time-sharing efforts such as CTSS and MIT's Project MAC gained focus.

Dr. J. Halcombe Laning, with the help of Phil Hankins and Charlie Werner, initiated work on MAC, an algebraic programming language for the IBM 650, which was completed by early spring of 1958.

One of the early focuses of Project MAC would be the development of a successor to CTSS, Multics, which was to be the first high availability computer system, developed as a part of an industry consortium including General Electric and Bell Laboratories.

This style of self-deprecating humor was not widely understood or appreciated outside of Project MAC and a few other early citadels of information technology.

Another early device was called ARDS for Advanced Remote Display Station and originated at MIT's Project MAC.

* The US Air Force adopted MAC as its hand-to-hand combat system in early 2008.

Under the particular historical circumstances of the growing Church in the early centuries, the succession of bishops became one of the ways, together with the transmission of the Gospel and the life of the community, in which the apostolic tradition of the Church was expressed.

This lineage of ordination is traceable, according to " apostolic " churches, to the original Twelve Apostles, thus making the Church the continuation of the early Apostolic Christian community.

Though most of the early Waldorf schools were teacher-founded, the schools today are usually initiated and later supported by an active parent community.

His early work in scrutinizing the use of local, exchange and trunk telephone line usage in a small community, to understand the theoretical requirements of an efficient network led to the creation of the Erlang formula, which became a foundational element of present day telecommunication network studies.

The contents are correspondingly varied: a confession of sin and a plea to God not to maintain his anger forever ( ch. 63: 7 – 64: 11 ); a poem on the theme that God has no need of a temple because Heaven is his throne and Earth his footstool ( Isaiah 66: 1 – 2 ); verses setting out conditions for admission to the community ; complaints of sin, incompetence and paganism ; and distinctions between the " righteous " and the " sinners ", foreshadowing the categories used in much later Judaism and early Christianity.

It was indeed the site of an early Christian community, traditionally said to be founded by Peter.

Barnabas participated in the Council of Jerusalem, which dealt with the admission of gentiles into the Christian community, a crucial problem in early Christianity.

In the early 1950s the majority of the Berean Fellowship re-joined the Temperance Hall Fellowship, with the remainder continuing as a separate community.

Some have interpreted this last point as an early expression of ' popular sovereignty ' – that government is contractual and that kings can be chosen by the community rather than by God alone.

The word docetai ( illusionists ) referring to early groups who denied Jesus's humanity, first occurred in a letter by Bishop Serapion of Antioch ( 197-203 ), who discovered the doctrine in the Gospel of Peter, during a pastoral visit to a Christian community using it in Rhosus, and later condemned it as a forgery.

The Acts of the Apostles records the Council of Jerusalem, which addressed the question of observation of biblical law in the early Christian community which included Gentile converts.

Another indicator that the letter is early is that there is no hint in the letter of a developed organization within the Christian community at large.

California's large Filipino American community also embraced freestyle music during the late 1980s and early 1990s.

The term " fundamentalism " was originally coined by its supporters to describe a specific package of theological beliefs that developed into a movement within the Protestant community of the United States in the early part of the 20th century, and that had its roots in the Fundamentalist – Modernist Controversy of that time.

A few Indo-Grenadians and a small community of the descendants of early European settlers reside in Grenada.

The Gloranthan world is characterised by its complex use of mythology, heavily influenced by the universalist approaches of Joseph Campbell and Mircea Eliade, its Howardian ethos, its long and distinctive history as a setting for role-playing games, its community development and expansion, and ( unusual among early American fantasy role-playing games ) its relative lack of Tolkienesque influence.

Founding a Wiccan group known as the Bricket Wood coven, he introduced a string of High Priestesses into the religion, including Doreen Valiente, Lois Bourne, Patricia Crowther and Eleanor Bone, through which the Gardnerian community spread throughout Britain and subsequently into Australia and the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s.

The word sunnah ( custom ) is also used in reference to a normative custom of Muhammad or the early Muslim community.

In early 2001 Massoud addressed the European Parliament in Brussels asking the international community to provide humanitarian help to the people of Afghanistan.

By the early monarchy El and Yahweh had become unified and Asherah did not continue as a separate state cult, although she continued to be popular at a community level until Persian times.

The founding of the Gordon Robertson Educational Centre, now Inuksuk High School, in the early 1970s at Iqaluit confirmed the government's commitment to the community as an administrative centre.

The city's Human Services Department operates the Jackie Robinson Center, a community outreach center that provides early diabetes detection and other services.

The latest incarnation is less about the " make-do and mend " attitude of the 1940s and early 50s and more about making a statement about individuality as well as developing an innate sense of community.

Around 1900 an English translation was made by Baha ' i Anton Haddad, which circulated among the early American Bahá ' í community in a typewritten form.

In early Buddhism this may be one practice among people in monastic community.