Although observations of some aerodynamic effects such as wind resistance ( e. g. drag ) were recorded by Aristotle, Leonardo da Vinci and Galileo Galilei, very little effort was made to develop a rigorous quantitative theory of air flow prior to the 17th century.

At low speeds, the compressibility of air is not significant in relation to aircraft design, but as the airflow nears and exceeds the speed of sound, a host of new aerodynamic effects become important in the design of aircraft.

In air, compressibility effects are usually ignored when the Mach number in the flow does not exceed 0. 3 ( about 335 feet ( 102m ) per second or 228 miles ( 366 km ) per hour at 60 ° F ).

Together they shared new approaches to art, painting the effects of light en plein air with broken color and rapid brushstrokes, in what later came to be known as Impressionism.

The explanation of these effects was that the high voltage accelerated electrically charged atoms ( ions ) naturally present in the air of the tube.

Because the Earth completes only one rotation per day, the Coriolis force is quite small, and its effects generally become noticeable only for motions occurring over large distances and long periods of time, such as large-scale movement of air in the atmosphere or water in the ocean.

The center of mass of the diver follows a parabolic path in free-fall under the influence of gravity ( ignoring the effects of air resistance, which are negligible at the speeds involved ).

The language was spoken and sung verse, the performance area included a circular floor or orchestra where the chorus could dance, a space for actors ( three speaking actors in Euripides's time ), a backdrop or skene and some special effects: an ekkyklema ( used to bring the skene's ' indoors ' outdoors ) and a mechane ( used to lift actors in the air, as in deus ex machina ).

Direct effects of El Niño resulting in drier conditions occur in parts of Southeast Asia and Northern Australia, increasing bush fires, worsening haze, and decreasing air quality dramatically.

By increasing the concentration of oxygen in the air, the effects of lower barometric pressure are countered and the level of arterial pO < sub > 2 </ sub > is restored toward normal capacity.

The Impressionists found that they could capture the momentary and transient effects of sunlight by painting en plein air.

Leg spinners typically use variations of flight by sometimes looping the ball in the air, allowing any cross-breeze and the aerodynamic effects of the spinning ball to cause the ball to dip and drift before bouncing and spinning ( usually called " turning ") sharply.

As a result tourism has become Malaysia ’ s third largest source of income from foreign exchange, although it is threatened by the negative effects of the growing industrial economy, with large amounts of air and water pollution along with deforestation affecting tourism.

In recent years tourism has been threatened by the negative effects of the growing industrial economy, with large amounts of air and water pollution along with deforestation affecting tourism.

The effects of the surface – heating, cooling, and friction – cause turbulent mixing within the air layer.

This pattern is modified by adabiatic effects as rising air masses cool and drop their moisture content on windward slopes, then warm up as they descend so relative humidity drops.

The effects of air friction on the cannonball are ignored ( or perhaps the mountain is high enough that the cannon will be above the Earth's atmosphere, which comes to the same thing ). Newton's cannonball, an illustration of how objects can " fall " in a curve

In physical geography pedology is largely studied due to the numerous interactions between climate ( water, air, temperature ), soil life ( micro-organisms, plants, animals ), the mineral materials within soils ( biogeochemical cycles ) and its position and effects on the landscape such as laterization.

Major conservation work has been carried out since, due to the effects of London's air pollution, and extensive repairs took place after the Second World War, including the reconstruction of the Commons Chamber following its bombing in 1941.

Within the effects on workers, chief impacts are indoor air quality, sound levels and possible over-illumination.

A wind tunnel is a tool used in aerodynamic research to study the effects of air moving past solid objects.

Within the range of gamma ray deposition, simple laws no longer hold as the air is ionised and there are other EMP effects, such as a radial electric field due to the separation of Compton electrons from air molecules, together with other complex phenomena.

American commanders in particular misunderstood the impassability of the dense Hürtgen Forest and its effects of reducing artillery accuracy and making air support impracticable.

" Part of the confusion and controversy derives from the fact that the German attack, which became nicknamed " The Little Pearl Harbor " after the Japanese air attack on the American naval base in Hawaii, was highly destructive and lethal in itself, apart from the effects of the gas.

The resistance of Barcelona to Franco's coup d ' état was to have lasting effects after the defeat of the Republican government.

Spraying programs ( especially using DDT ) were curtailed due to concerns over safety and environmental effects, as well as problems in administrative, managerial and financial implementation, but mostly because mosquitoes were developing resistance to DDT.

Resistance to antibiotics is increased though the survival of individuals that are immune to the effects of the antibiotic, whose offspring then inherit the resistance, creating a new population of resistant bacteria.

* Resistance ( R ) plasmids, which contain genes that can build a resistance against antibiotics or poisons and help bacteria produce to overcome the deleterious effects of antibiotics.

* slip meter, a measurement instrument for measuring the slip resistance of flooring material including the effects of hydrodynamic squeeze film caused by contamination on the floor surface

In such a situation it is also necessary to monitor current flow between parallel strings, as current may circulate between the strings to balance out the effects of weak cells, dead cells with high resistance, or shorted cells.

The impedance caused by these two effects is collectively referred to as reactance and forms the imaginary part of complex impedance whereas resistance forms the real part.

However, the air resistance and other effects were the same as for the shell of identical size.

The principal features are anovulation, resulting in irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, ovulation-related infertility, and polycystic ovaries ; excessive amounts or effects of androgenic hormones, resulting in acne and hirsutism ; and insulin resistance, often associated with obesity, Type 2 diabetes, and high cholesterol levels.

A dysfunctional HPA-axis causes high cortisol levels to circulate, which results in raising glucose and insulin levels, which in turn cause insulin-mediated effects on adipose tissue, ultimately promoting visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension, with direct effects on the bone, causing " low turnover " osteoporosis.

Insulin resistance normally refers to reduced glucose-lowering effects of insulin.

For example, insulin resistance in fat cells reduces the normal effects of insulin on lipids and results in reduced uptake of circulating lipids and increased hydrolysis of stored triglycerides.

Due to the deranged metabolism resulting from insulin resistance, psychological effects, including depression, are not uncommon.

Blood sugars rise, dehydration ensues, and resistance to the normal effects of insulin increases further by way of a vicious circle.

Waxes confer matting effects and wear resistance to paints.

In addition, Bessel showed that if the pendulum was made with a symmetrical shape, but internally weighted on one end, the error caused by effects of air resistance would cancel out.

However, volunteers treated with this drug experienced some side effects, such as nasal bleeding, and began developing resistance to the drug.

The chlorination of public drinking supplies was originally met with resistance, as people were concerned about the health effects of the practice.

Though not immune to the effects of a sufficiently hot fire, the fire resistance of fiberglass, stone wool and ceramic fibers makes them common building materials when passive fire protection is required, being used as spray fireproofing, in stud cavities in drywall assemblies and as packing materials in firestops.

Alternatively, Suzanne Bergeron, for example, raises examples of studies that illustrate the multifaceted effects of globalization on women, including Kumudhini Rosa's study of Sri Lankan, Malaysian, and Phillippine, workers in free trade zones as an example of local resistance to globalization.