Any free elections that were to be held in Poland would have to produce a government in which Moscow had complete confidence, and all pressure from the West for free voting by anti-Soviet elements in Poland would be met by restrictions on voting by these elements.

There followed a long and sometimes bitter discussion of the feasibility of elections for the fall of 1957, in which it appears that the Minister of the Interior took the most pessimistic view and that the Istiqlal was something less than enthusiastic.

Although the government was probably prepared for elections by mid-1958, the first decision was no doubt made more difficult as party strife multiplied.

The parties were on the whole unprepared for elections, while the people were still experiencing post-independence let-down and suffering the after-effects of poor harvests in 1957.

In the absence of a reservoir of political consensus each organized political group hopes that the elections will give them new prominence, but in a system where there is as yet no place for the less prominent.

Lacking the respected and effective institutions that consensus helps provide, minority parties, such as the P.D.I. in 1957 and the progressive Istiqlal faction in 1958, clamor for elections when out of power, but are not at all certain they wish to be controlled by popular choice when in power.

Although the elections were for local officials, it was not necessary to conduct the elections so as to prevent parties from publicly identifying their candidates.

The Chamber of Commerce elections were, of course, an important event in the preparation for rural commune elections.

A second major point of this essay is to examine the formal arrangements for the elections.

Although Rhode Islanders were preparing for the state elections, they watched John Brown's trial with extreme interest.

Marshall Formby of Plainview, former chairman of the Texas Highway Commission, suggested a plan to fill by appointment future vacancies in the Legislature and Congress, eliminating the need for costly special elections.

Lincoln spent the next 100 days preparing the army and the nation for emancipation, while Democrats rallied their voters in the 1862 offyear elections by warning of the threat freed slaves posed to northern whites.

Lincoln ’ s assessment of the political issue for the 1860 elections was that, " This question of Slavery was more important than any other ; indeed, so much more important has it become that no other national question can even get a hearing just at present.

" The Republicans gained majorities in both House and Senate for the first time since Democrats in the 1856 elections, they were to be seated in numbers which Lincoln might use to govern, a national parliamentary majority even before pro-slavery House and Senate seats vacated.

* 1963 – In Libya, amendments to the constitution transform Libya ( United Kingdom of Libya ) into one national unity ( Kingdom of Libya ) and allows for female participation in elections.

In the campaign for election to his fourth term in 1849, Johnson concentrated on three issues: slavery, homesteads and judicial elections.

The second provided amnesty for all insurgents except those holding property valued at $ 20, 000 or more ; it also appointed a provisional governor for North Carolina and authorized elections.

* 1993 – Sri Lankan politician Lalith Athulathmudali is assassinated while addressing a gathering, approximately 4 weeks ahead of the Provincial Council elections for the Western Province.

Approval voting is a single-winner voting system used for elections.

After two years of Democratic Party control, the Democrats lost control of Congress in the mid-term elections in 1994, for the first time in forty years.

After the Starr Report was submitted to the House providing what it termed " substantial and credible information that President Clinton Committed Acts that May Constitute Grounds for an Impeachment ", the House began impeachment hearings against Clinton before the mid-term elections.

The U. S. Agency for International Development ( USAID ) and Support for Eastern European Democracies ( SEED ) has played a large role in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina, including programs in economic development and reform, democratic reform ( media, elections ), infrastructure development, and training programs for Bosnian professionals, among others.

The electoral procedure prevented the ready identification of party affiliation, but all vitally interested parties, including the government itself, were busily engaged in determining the party identifications of all successful candidates the month following the elections.

The Ifni crisis in the fall of 1957 postponed further consideration of elections, but French consultants were called in and notices of further investigation appeared from time to time.

Both parties and the Ministry of the Interior were busily at work after the elections trying to unearth the political affiliations of the successful candidates and, thereby, give the elections a confidential but known degree of national political significance.

Since a national interpretation cannot be avoided it is unfortunate that the elections were not held in a way to maximize party responsibility and the educational effect of mass political participation.

As the background discussion indicated there were frequently expressed doubts that a government dominated by either party could fairly administer elections.

Although the monarch had frequently asserted that the elections were to be without party significance, his action was an implicit admission that party identifications were a factor.

Since the details of the elections were settled the change of government had no direct effect on the technical aspects of the elections, and may have been more important as an indication of royal displeasure with the U.N.F.P.

That same year, first parliamentary and presidential elections were held.

The renewal of civil war immediately after the elections, which were considered as fraudulent by UNITA, and the collapse of the Lusaka Protocol, created a split situation.

The most recent elections to the House of Representatives were held on 12 March 2009.

These were rejected in a referendum the following May at the same time as parliamentary elections which left Kocharyan's party in a very powerful position in parliament.

Since Johnson's proclamations allowed the Southern states to control the procedure and conduct of their elections in 1865, prominent former Confederate leaders were elected to the U. S. Congress ( but not seated ).

Selection by lottery was the standard means as it was regarded as the more democratic: elections would favour those who were rich, noble, eloquent and well-known, while allotment spread the work of administration throughout the whole citizen body, engaging them in the crucial democratic experience of, to use Aristotle's words, " ruling and being ruled in turn " ( Politics 1317b28 – 30 ).

Professor McNeill thinks that at Yalta, Stalin did not fully realize the dilemma which faced him, that he thought the exclusion of the anti-Soviet voters from East European elections would not be greatly resented by his allies, while neither Roosevelt nor Churchill frankly faced `` the fact that, in Poland at least, genuinely free democratic elections would return governments unfriendly to Russia '', by any definition of international friendliness.

The Republicans ' counterargument that slavery was the mainstay of the enemy steadily gained support, with the Democrats crushed at the 1863 elections in Ohio when they tried to resurrect anti-black sentiment.

The general impression was that, as much as the senate was packed with men devoted to the royal couple and the government obtained a large majority at the general elections, King Alexander would not hesitate any longer to proclaim Queen Draga's brother as the heir to the throne.

The 1924 town council elections in Cicero became known as one of the most crooked elections in the Chicago area's long history of rigged elections, with voters threatened by thugs at polling stations.

General elections are held at least every 5 years.

Finally, on 10 November 1989, at the November plenum of BCP Todor Zhivkov was dismissed as a long-time party leader and head of state and the communist regime gave way to democratic elections and government.

After a decade as president of the Australian Council of Trade Unions, he entered parliament as a Labor MP at the 1980 federal election and became Prime Minister within three years, leading Labor to victory at four consecutive federal elections: 1983, 1984, 1987 and 1990.

In the 1920s, the Labour Party permanently replaced the Liberals as the largest opponent of the Conservative Party in British politics, and the Liberals went into decline, which culminated in their winning as few as 6 seats at general elections during the 1950s.

Further, they opposed the creation of an electoral college to elect the leader of the Party, who had previously been elected by members of the Parliamentary Labour Party – in particular, the arrangement of block voting by constituency parties and trade unions, with the total votes of a constituency party or trade union being given to a candidate based on a first-past-the-post within that CLP or union, or changed at the discretion of delegates ( similar to primary elections in the United States ).

The UK had given aid to the royalist Greek forces and ELAS leaders who, failing to realize that there would be no Soviet aid and having boycotted the elections, were at a disadvantaged position.

Korea had been divided at the end of World War II along the 38th parallel into Soviet and U. S. occupation zones, in which a communist government was installed in the North by the Soviets, and an elected government in the South came to power after UN-supervised elections in 1948.

Despite these shortcomings, and his promise to step down at the end of the transition, Bozizé contested the 13 March 2005 presidential elections in which all of the leading opposition candidates were allowed to run except for Patassé.

With the climate of change throughout Eastern Europe during the 1980s, the communist hegemony was challenged ( at the same time, the Milošević government began to gradually concentrate Yugoslav power in Serbia and calls for free multi-party elections were becoming louder.