Citizenship can be seen as a special elite status, and it can also be seen as a democratizing force and something that everybody has ; the concept can include both senses.

Antonio Gramsci's concepts on cultural hegemony, in particular, suggest that the culture and values of the economic elite – the bourgeoisie – become indoctrinated as ‘ common sense ’ to the working-class, allowing for the maintenance of the status quo through misplaced belief.

Leet originated within bulletin board systems ( BBS ) in the 1980s, where having " elite " status on a BBS allowed a user access to file folders, games, and special chat rooms.

Among the Five Civilized Tribes, mixed-race slaveholders were generally part of an elite hierarchy, often based on their mothers ' clan status, as the societies had matrilineal systems.

Servius ’ reforms brought about a major change in Roman life: voting rights were now based on socio-economic status, transferring much of the power into the hands of the Roman elite.

No luger can possibly achieve elite status without working closely with an experienced coaching staff, implementing suggestions and fine tuning technique.

The French were also interested in ensuring that the small but influential elite was sufficiently satisfied with the status quo to refrain from any anti-French sentiment.

These clans maintained an elite status and continued practicing the sacrificial and burial traditions of the Shang.

In the 1990s and into the 2000s ( decade ), Carnegie Mellon solidified its status among elite American universities, consistently ranking in the top 25 in US News and World Report rankings, and in the top 43-50 universities worldwide.

Nasser's social status was still well below the wealthy Egyptian elite, and his resentment of those born into wealth and power continued to grow.

These included infighting between China's qigong establishment and Falun Gong, speculation over blackmailing and lobbying by qigong opponents and " scientists-cum-ideologues with political motives and affiliations with competing central Party leaders ", which caused the shift in the state's position, and the struggles from mid-1996 to mid-1999 between Falun Gong and the Chinese power elite over the status and treatment of the movement.

At the beginning of the dynasty, government posts were disproportionately held by two elite social groups: a founding elite who had ties with the founding emperor and a semi-hereditary professional elite who used long-held clan status, family connections and marriage alliances to secure appointments.

Recruited through voluntary enlistment or transfer from other regiments of men with at least two years service, the Zouaves quickly achieved the status of an elite amongst the French Army of Africa.

After 1871 the Zouaves lost their status as an elite corps of long service volunteers and became a force mainly composed of conscripts from the French settlers in Algeria and Tunisia, undertaking their compulsory military service.

As the Russian Civil War weakened the Russian Empire, the Baltic countries won the independence war against both the Russian army and the Baltic Germans of the United Baltic Duchy, making the former Baltic German elite lose their status and influence.

Despite the exclusively female, aristocratic connections of her winter festival at Rome and her high status as a protecting deity of the Roman state, elite dedications to Bona Dea are far outnumbered by the personal dedications of the Roman plebs, particularly the ingenui ; the greatest number of all are from freedmen and slaves ; and an estimated one-third of all dedications are from men, one of whom, a provincial Greek, claims to be a priest of her cult.

It was a movement more concerned about the preservation of elite status than liberal value of equality of the masses.

It is possible that Tyrtaeus intentionally alludes to Homer in instances such as these for political reasons: given the fact that his poetry, like that of other archaic authors, was most likely performed in the context of aristocratic symposia, his references to epic heroism served to praise the elite status of his aristocratic audience.

Since their inception in Athens, Georgia, in 1986, Widespread Panic has risen to elite status among American jam bands.

Finally in 101 their number was increased once more to ten, resulting in a force of 10, 000 troops, whose status was at least elite.

Within the film, Micheaux depicts educated and professional people in black society as light-skinned, representing the elite status of some of the mixed-race people who comprised the majority of African Americans free before the Civil War.

The Browns and Shamus move into a Denver mansion, and Molly sets out to improve her social status by trying to ingratiate herself with the city's elite, all of whom snub her and her nouveau riche ways.

So the verdict was `` death at the hands of a person or persons unknown '', and the elite of the city, accepting Delphine's testimony, welcomed her and the doctor back into the fold.

The apostolic community was literally an elite: chosen by Christ himself.

In the supernatural atmosphere of cosmic government, only the ruling elite was ever concerned with a kingdom-wide ordering of nature: popular religion aimed at more personal benefits from magical powers.

It was not until the co-reigns of Gratian and Theodosius that Arianism was effectively wiped out among the ruling class and elite of the Eastern Empire.

Many scholars see the persistence of Germanic Arianism as a strategy that was followed in order to differentiate the Germanic elite from the local inhabitants and their culture and also to maintain the Germanic elite's separate group identity.

Cofounder Marc Bloch ( 1886 – 1944 ) was a quintessential modernist who studied at the elite École Normale Supérieure, and in Germany, serving as a professor at the University of Strasbourg until he was called to the Sorbonne in Paris in 1936 as professor of economic history.

As a youngster living in poverty, along with his childhood friends, Johnson was an object of ridicule from members of higher social circles ; as such, he was commonly referred to as " poor white trash " by the elite in Raleigh.

He was " a former soldier and a Greek " ( miles quondam et graecus ), he tells us, and his enrollment among the elite protectores domestici ( household guards ) shows that he was of noble birth.

Traditionally, for the poorer citizens, local marriage was the norm while the elite had been much more likely to marry abroad as a part of aristocratic alliance building.

At the age of 25, he was elected a member of the French Academy of Sciences, France's most elite scientific society, for an essay on street lighting and in recognition of his earlier research.

Berg was a part of Vienna's cultural elite during the heady fin de siècle period.

Zeus needed an elite army and at first thought that Aegina, which at the time did not have any villagers, was the perfect place.

Nevertheless, Tallard was alarmed by the repulse of the elite Gens d ' Armes and urgently rode across the field to ask Marsin for reinforcements ; but on the basis of being hard pressed by Eugene – whose second attack was in full flood – Marsin refused.

The first was the late 7th century Deuteronomistic reform of official Judean religion under king Josiah, who banned many elements of the old polytheistic cult from the Temple, and the sudden collapse of Assyria and the rise of Babylon to take its place ; the second was exile of the royal court, the priests and other members of the ruling elite following the Babylonian destruction of Jerusalem c. 586 BCE.

The country was governed during most of its first 150 years of independent life by different forms of restricted government, where the electorate was carefully vetted and controlled by an elite.

Stjepan Radić During a Parliament session in 1928, the Croatian Peasant Party's leader Stjepan Radić was mortally wounded by Puniša Račić, a deputy of the Serbian Radical People's Party, which caused further upsets among the Croatian elite.

Both countries were run by authoritarian regimes that denied ordinary people the food to which they were entitled when the public food distribution collapsed ; priority was given to the elite classes and the military.

The novels and stories like Pohl's Drunkard's Walk ( 1960 ), with the focus on adventure and with the dystopian elements only a dim background -- in this case an uneasy, overpopulated world in which the mass of people do uninteresting routine jobs while a carefully selected, university-trained elite runs everything -- are in all likelihood as numerous as dystopias.

However, during the January to September 2010 period, the sector experienced a 5. 2 percent year-on-year decrease, which according to the Civilitas Foundation is an indication of the unsustainability of a sector based on an elite market, with few products for the median or low budgets.

Though both ended up as rogue governments and did not follow through on their constitutional promises, they began as responses from the Athenian elite to what they saw as the inherent arbitrariness of government by the masses ( Plato in the Seventh Epistle does remark that the Thirty made the preceding democratic regime look like a Golden Age ).

) Some observers argue that, while academicians often perceive themselves as members of an elite, their influence is mostly imaginary: " Professors of humanities, with all their leftist fantasies, have little direct knowledge of American life and no impact whatever on public policy.

In his works he declared that " the principle ' what is not prohibited is allowed ' should be understood literally ", defying the unwritten ideological rules imposed by the Communist ruling elite on the society in spite of the seemingly democratic USSR Constitution.

In both the Olympic and BWF World competitions restrictions on the number of participants from any one country have caused some controversy because they sometimes result in excluding elite world level players from the strongest badminton nations.

More members of the Chilean elite were becoming convinced of the necessity of full independence, regardless of who sat on the throne of Spain.

Quite evidently, careers within the sports and entertainment sphere such as being an elite professional athlete on a sports team, or an entertainment figure such as a pop singer that dominate the pop music charts frequently, or a television actor with lead roles on prime-time shows have strong likelihood to become celebrities.

* Prominent socialites, elite aristocrats and royal families, top level professional athletes, chart-topping musicians and pop singers, television and film actors with lead roles on prominently scheduled television shows and hit box office movies, internationally recognized supermodels and models are almost invariably celebrities.

British Commando and other elite units were issued an especially slender dagger, the Fairbairn-Sykes Fighting Knife, developed by William E. Fairbairn and Eric A. Sykes from real-life close-combat experiences gained while serving on the Shanghai Municipal Police Force.

Although Ecuador's political elite is highly factionalized along regional, ideological, and personal lines, a strong desire for consensus on major issues often leads to compromise.

The Foreign Legion is today known as an elite military unit whose training focuses not only on traditional military skills but also on its strong esprit de corps.

A fall, on or off the event, is a 1. 00 deduction, in elite level gymnastics.

On 4 October 1943, during a secret meeting with top SS officials in the city of Poznań ( Posen ), and on 6 October 1943, in a speech to the party elite — the Gau and Reich leaders — Himmler referred explicitly to the " extermination " ( German: Ausrottung ) of the Jewish people.

Proto-urban, or even urban settlements, known as oppida, begin to eclipse the old hillforts, and an elite whose position is based on battle-prowess and the ability to manipulate resources re-appears much more distinctly.

In Western culture, the custom of a newlywed couple going on a holiday together originated in early 19th century Great Britain, a concept borrowed from the Indian elite, in the Indian Subcontinent.

There is a nexus between performance on-water and performance on the ergometer, with open events at the World Championships often being dominated by elite on-water rowers.

Adherents of libertarian socialism assert that a society based on freedom and equality can be achieved through abolishing authoritarian institutions that control certain means of production and subordinate the majority to an owning class or political and economic elite.

Dewey, on the other hand, believed the public was not only capable of understanding the issues created or responded to by the elite, it was in the public forum that decisions should be made after discussion and debate.