However, in 1937, Pope Pius XI issued an encyclical written in German, Mit brennender Sorge ( With Burning Anxiety ), in which he criticized Nazism, listed breaches of the Concordat signed between Germany and the Church in 1933, and condemned antisemitism.

The reports of the special committees ( based in part upon those of the committee of 1867 ) were embodied in the encyclical letter, which described the best mode of maintaining union, voluntary boards of arbitration, the relationship between missionary bishops and missionaries ( a particular problem in India ), chaplains in continental Europe, modern forms of infidelity and the best way of dealing with them and the condition, progress and needs of the churches.

" The encyclical refers to the conversation between Jesus and Saint Margaret several times and reaffirmed the importance of consecration and reparation to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.

The encyclical was prompted by the September Convention of 1864, an agreement between the Kingdom of Italy and the Second French Empire of Napoleon III, undertaken as a part of the Italian Risorgimento, under which France was to withdraw its army from Rome, which they had previously occupied in order to prevent Italy from capturing the city and completing the unification of Italy.

In 2010, Patriarch Bartholomew I issued an encyclical lauding the ongoing dialogue between the Orthodox Church and other Christian churches and criticizing those who are “ unacceptably fanatical ” in challenging such dialogue.

The encyclical was drafted by Cardinal Michael von Faulhaber with an introduction added by Cardinal Pacelli ( later Pope Pius XII ) dealing with the historical background of the concordat between the Catholic Church and the Third Reich.

Pacelli described the encyclical as " a compromise " between the Holy See's sense that it could not be silent set against " its fears and worries ".

In this book he purports to examine the position of Pacelli, the later Pius XII, towards Adolf Hitler ’ s seizure of power, the downfall of the Catholic Zentrum Party, the Reichskonkordat between Nazi-Germany and the Vatican, the encyclical Mit Brennender Sorge (‘ With Burning Concern ’), paganism, the national-socialist education programs, the ‘ T4-program ’ ( the murder of physically and mentally handicapped persons ), the invasion of Poland, Operation Barbarossa, the Jews in the Netherlands, priest-president Jozef Tiso of Slovakia, the Ustasha in Independent State of Croatia, the deportation of Jews from Rome, the Hungarian Holocaust, the help offered to war criminals, the resistance against Nazism, the alleged refusal of the Church to " give back Jewish " children who had been in hiding, the failures of the Allies, alleged antisemitism after the Holocaust, and the moral question of alleged guilt of the Church and the pope.

In an October 22, 1996, address to the Pontifical Academy of Science, Pope John Paul II updated the Church's position, recognizing that Evolution is " more than a hypothesis "-" In his encyclical Humani Generis, my predecessor Pius XII has already affirmed that there is no conflict between evolution and the doctrine of the faith regarding man and his vocation ... Today, more than a half-century after the appearance of that encyclical, some new findings lead us toward the recognition of evolution as more than an hypothesis.

This encyclical expanded the Church's social doctrine to cover the relations between rich and poor nations, examining the obligation of rich countries to assist poor countries while respecting their particular cultures.

Like his predecessor, Pope Paul VI gave attention to the disparities in wealth and development between the industrialised West and the Third World in his 1967 encyclical Populorum Progressio ().

He was also deeply religious, relying on " Rerum Novarum ", the papal encyclical of Pope Leo XIII supporting the right of workers to form unions, as the bridge between his faith and his commitment to the rights of workers.

This encyclical was part of an ongoing conflict between Modernists and conservatives.

In the 1950 encyclical Humani generis, Pope Pius XII confirmed that there is no intrinsic conflict between Christianity and the theory of evolution, provided that Christians believed that the individual soul is a direct creation by God and not the product of purely material forces.

:" In his encyclical Humani Generis ( 1950 ), my predecessor Pius XII has already affirmed that there is no conflict between evolution and the doctrine of the faith regarding man and his vocation, provided that we do not lose sight of certain fixed points .... Today, more than a half-century after the appearance of that encyclical, some new findings lead us toward the recognition of evolution as more than a hypothesis.

Some consider the first encyclical of Pope Benedict XVI, Deus Caritas Est ( God is Love ), with its exposition of the relation between agape and eros, to be the culmination of John Paul II's Theology of the Body.

* The first section of the encyclical establishes the relationship between individuals and humankind, encompassing the issues of human rights and moral duties.

The encyclical is a document with firm distinctions between right and wrong, good and bad.

There were two Papal committees and numerous independent experts looking into the latest advancement of science and medicine on the question of artificial birth control, which were noted by the Pope in his encyclical.

He did not live to see it to completion, dying in 1963, four-and-a-half years after his election, and two months after the completion of his final encyclical,.

Pope Benedict XVI's encyclical Deus Caritas Est ( God is Love ) of 2006 refers to Song of Songs in both its literal and allegorical meaning, stating that erotic love ( eros ) and self-donating love ( agape ) is shown there as the two halves of true love, which is both giving and receiving.

An encyclical letter to all Christians In defence of his resignation is unedited, as are also a Dialogue with two Turks about the divinity of Christ, and a work about the Adoration of God.

This encyclical rejected two extreme views of the church:

In relation to elective abortion, Pope John Paul II wrote about ensoulment in his 1995 encyclical letter Evangelium Vitae that: Throughout Christianity's two thousand year history, this same doctrine of condemning all direct abortions has been constantly taught by the Fathers of the Church and by her Pastors and Doctors.

It was the last encyclical drafted by John XXIII, who died from cancer two months after its completion.

The " peace encyclical " was issued only two years after the erection of the Berlin Wall and only a few months after the Cuban Missile Crisis.

According to the encyclical, the Church has two aspects, a visible and an invisible one.

From the Roman Catholic point of view, Cardinal Manning's involvement in the strike, as a mediator trusted by both sides, could be seen as foreshadowing the encyclical Rerum Novarum (' Of New Things ') issued by Pope Leo XIII two years later, on 15 May 1891.

It was composed as an encyclical letter — that is, one not directed to the members of one church in particular, but intended rather to be circulated and read in all churches.

Some scholars have suggested that this refers to the canonical Epistle to the Ephesians, contending that it was a circular letter ( an encyclical ) to be read to many churches in the Laodicean area.

An encyclical was originally a circular letter sent to all the churches of a particular area in the ancient Catholic Church.

There was no pre-announcement of the encyclical, and its distribution was kept secret in an attempt to ensure the unhindered public reading of its contents in all the Catholic churches of Germany.

Wojtyła's position was strongly considered, and was reflected in the final draft of the encyclical, although much of his language and arguments were not incorporated.

These reforms and writings of Pius XII were intended to establish Eastern Orientals as equal parts of the mystical body of Christ, as explained in the encyclical Mystici Corporis.

The 47 questions by the six scholars were grouped into three parts: ( a ) 27 specific questions on existing documents, mostly asking for background and additional information such as drafts of the encyclical Mit brennender Sorge, which was largely written by Eugenio Pacelli.

Other decisions expressed in an encyclical were in the interests of increased discipline.

The archbishop opened the conference with an address: deliberation followed ; committees were appointed to report on special questions ; resolutions were adopted, and an encyclical letter was addressed to the faithful of the Anglican Communion.

In addition to the encyclical letter, nineteen resolutions were put forth, and the reports of twelve special committees are appended upon which they are based, the subjects being intemperance, purity, divorce, polygamy, observance of Sunday, socialism, care of emigrants, mutual relations of dioceses of the Anglican Communion, home reunion, Scandinavian Church, Old Catholics, etc., Eastern Churches, standards of doctrine and worship.

The results of the deliberations were embodied in seventy-eight resolutions, which were appended to the encyclical issued, in the name of the conference, by the Archbishop of Canterbury on August 8.

The Papal constitution Ecclesiam a Jesu Christo and the encyclical Qui Pluribus were directed against them.

In the face of systematic defiance, the Bismarck government increased the penalties and its attacks, and were challenged in 1875 when a papal encyclical declared the whole ecclesiastical legislation of Prussia was invalid, and threatened to excommunicate any Catholic who obeyed.

With the exception of some propositions drawn from Pius ' encyclical Qui pluribus of November 9, 1846, all the propositions were based on documents that postdated the shocks to the Pope and the papacy of the Revolutions of 1848 ( see Italian unification ).

The government of France briefly tried to suppress the circulation of the encyclical and the Syllabus within its borders ; it forbade priests to explain the Syllabus from the pulpit, though newspapers were allowed to discuss it from a secular point of view.

Further thoughts in the same vein were expressed in Pius ' encyclical of 21 November 1873, Etsi multa (" On the Church in Italy, Germany, and Switzerland "), which is often appended to the Syllabus.

Forty years later, the corporatist tendencies of Rerum Novarum were underscored by Pope Pius XI's May 25, 1931 encyclical Quadragesimo Anno (" In the Fortieth Year "), which restated the hostility of Rerum Novarum to both unbridled competition and class struggle.

The Orthodox Christian attitude to the Jewish people is seen in a 16th century encyclical written by Ecumenical Patriarch Metrophanes III ( 1520 – 1580 ) to the Greek Orthodox in Crete ( 1568 ) following reports that Jews were being mistreated.

Trade unions are one type of private society, and a special focus of this encyclical: " The most important of all are workingmen's unions, for these virtually include all the rest .... it were greatly to be desired that they should become more numerous and more efficient.

Catholic Action movements were founded in Mexico in the wake of Pius XI's 1922 encyclical Ubi arcano, and supporters of the Young Mexican Catholic Action soon found themselves in violent conflict with CROM members.

In the interim there were other papal statements from Leo XIII, and also the encyclical Singulari Quadam of Pope Pius X. Pius XI subtitled his encyclical Reconstruction of the Social Order.

In April 1906, Pope Pius X issued the encyclical Tribus circiter which criticized Feliksa Kozłowska ; and her followers were criticized harshly as well for treating her as a living saint and the equal to the Blessed Virgin.