Reformism was quickly targeted by revolutionary socialists, with Rosa Luxemburg condemning Bernstein's Evolutionary Socialism in her 1900 essay Reform or Revolution ?.

Lien Chan quickly distanced himself from this action, and Liao wrote an essay stating that his activities were not authorized.

In the literature concerning artificial intelligence ( AI ), Searle's essay has been second only to Turing's in the volume of debate it has generated.

* Increasing meaningful learning for example through writing activities where concept maps automatically generated from an essay are shown to the writer.

According to Buffett's essay, " The Superinvestors of Graham-and-Doddsville ," published in 1984, Munger's investment partnership generated compound annual returns of 19. 8 % during the 1962 – 75 period compared to a 5. 0 % annual appreciation rate for the Dow.

In 1986, more controversy was caused by an essay published in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung on 25 April 1986 entitled " Land Without A History " written by one of Kohl's advisors, the historian Michael Stürmer, in which Stürmer argued that West Germany lacked a history to be proud of, and called for effort on the part of the government, historians and the media to build national pride in German history.

Berlin's essay " Historical Inevitability " ( 1954 ) focused on a controversy in the philosophy of history.

The essay was written by British-Indian novelist Salman Rushdie, who found controversy in 1988 over one of his books gaining him a religious fatwa for Rushdie's death from Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini which ultimately resulted in United Kingdom and Iran breaking diplomatic ties to each other a year later.

If the idiom has fallen out of favour since World War II it is thanks to its association, rightly or wrongly, with the pastiche classicism of Albert Speer which still provokes controversy as witnessed in Léon Krier's provocative essay " Krier on Speer ".

Froude retained a favourable impression of Newman, however, defending him in the controversy over Tract 90 and later in his essay " The Oxford Counter-Reformation " ( 1881 ).

His edition contains the Quran's Arabic text with a Latin translation, annotations to further understanding and – embued by the time ’ s spirit of controversy – an essay titled " Refutation of the Qur ' an ", where Marracci disproves Islam from the then Catholic point of view.

Part of Cockburn's response to the Graham article controversy was his ironically entitled essay My Life as an " Anti-Semite ", from the The Politics of Anti-Semitism.

Chomsky's essay sparked an even greater controversy.

He published an essay on the controversy in October 2005 .< ref >

In a 1993 Der Spiegel essay " Anschwellender Bocksgesang " (" Swelling He-Goat Song "), a critical examination of modern civilisation, he triggered a major political controversy as his conservative politics was anathema to many.

The work done in the new pavilion by Duclaux clarified how the human body accomplished some of its vital functions and brought to light the role of a diastase and was finalized in resolving a controversy aroused between Pasteur and Berthelot after the publication of Claude Bernard ’ s posthumous essay regarding the nature of the agents implicated in some transformations that happen inside the plants like fermentation.

An essay in which he denied the identity of St Denis of Paris and St Denis the Areopagite ( 1641 ), caused a controversy.

The controversy saw Maiorescu taking his friend's side and publishing an essay highly critical of National Liberal cultural tenets ( titled Comediile domnului Caragiale, it was to be reprinted in 1889, as a preface to Caragiale's collected plays ).

His essay ' The Statesman ' ( 1836 ) caused some controversy, being a satirical view of how the civil service really works.

Shortly after Sloterdijk conducted a symposium on philosophy and Heidegger, he stirred up controversy with his essay Regeln für den Menschenpark ( Rules for the Human Park ).

An essay that Yergin published on the peak oil controversy in the Wall Street Journal aroused further criticism from the peak oil community.

The essay appeared in a journal called Partisan Review and was the subject of a great amount of critical debate and controversy.

* National Post: Robert Fulford's essay on the controversy surrounding On the Sky

Kinkaid alumnus and former interim-term teacher Robert L. Bradley Jr. also published an essay on the controversy.

Since 2001, Bromley has participated in scholarly discussions over the brainwashing controversy ( see his essay contributed to the book Misunderstanding Cults ).

In a 1981 essay ' Intention and explanation: A current controversy about the interpretation of National Socialism ' from the book The " Fuehrer State ": Myth and reality, Mason coined the terms Intentionist and Functionalist as terms for historical schools regarding Nazi Germany.

In 1981, the British Marxist historian Timothy Mason in his essay ' Intention and explanation: A current controversy about the interpretation of National Socialism ' from the book The " Fuehrer State ": Myth and reality coined the term " Intentionist " as part of an attack against Hildebrand and Karl Dietrich Bracher, both of whom Mason accused of focusing too much on Hitler as an explanation for the Holocaust.

At first, Hildebrand praised Nolte's 1986 article Vergangenheit, die nicht vergehen will (" The Past That Will Not Go Away ") and especially his 1985 essay " Between Myth and Revisionism " as " path-breaking ", but as the controversy caused by the Historikerstreit increased, Hildebrand increasingly wrote less and less in support of Nolte and more in the favour of his mentor Andreas Hillgruber.

Grist has published special issues on biofuels ; religion and the environment ; poverty and the environment ; the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Mississippi River ; Hurricane Katrina ; and the controversy surrounding an essay by Michael Shellenberger and Ted Nordhaus called " The Death of Environmentalism.

Marcuse defended the arrested East German dissident Rudolf Bahro ( author of Die Alternative: Zur Kritik des real existierenden Sozialismus The Alternative in Eastern Europe ), discussing in a 1979 essay Bahro's theories of " change from within ".

T. S. Eliot attacked the reputation of Kubla Khan and sparked a dispute within literary criticism with his analysis of the poem in his essay " Origin and Uses of Poetry " from The Use of Poetry and the Use of Criticism ( 1933 ): " The way in which poetry is written is not, so far as our knowledge of these obscure matters as yet extends, any clue to its value ...

The essay was based upon the tendency of the then-current governments in their striving towards intelligence to ignore shortcomings and upon the failure of education systems to correctly utilize gifted and talented members within their societies.

While the essay was under consideration, Gödel's " On formally undecidable sentences of Principia Mathematica and related systems I " announced the impossibility of formalizing within a theory that theory's consistency proof.

In his essay, Against Method, Paul Feyerabend characterizes science as " an essentially anarchic enterprise " and argues emphatically that science merits no exclusive monopoly over " dealing in knowledge " and that scientists have never operated within a distinct and narrowly self-defined tradition.

More specifically, in his essay Frontiers of Writing, Heaney creates an image of five towers forming a quincunx pattern within Ireland, one tower for each of the five provinces, each having literary significance.

" However, in his 1883 essay " Le Judaïsme comme race et religion " he disputed the concept that Jewish people constitute a unified racial entity in a biological sense, which made his views unpalatable within racialized antisemitism.

The book South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today includes an essay in which East Carolina University philosophy professor Henry Jacoby compares Stan's actions and reasoning within the show to the philosophical teachings of William Kingdon Clifford, and another essay by Southern Illinois University philosophy professor John S. Gray which references Stan's decision to not vote for either candidate for a school mascot in the season eight ( 2004 ) episode " Douche and Turd " when describing political philosophy and the claimed pitfalls of a two-party system.

Spungen's life is also examined as it relates to musician Courtney Love within the essay.

That paper, in Stephen Scobie's words ' a vastly influential essay ', almost immediately discredited thematic criticism in Canada and, forty years later, reverberates as well within Canadian postcolonial studies.

In 1895 he wrote to Joaquín Costa about his plans for an essay on the " intrahistoric " element of rural socialism within the Carlist masses.

In an essay published in the second edition of William Camden's Remaines ( 1614 ), Richard Carew writes, "… look into our Imitations of all sorts of verses by any other language, and you shall finde that Sir Phillip Sidney, Maister Puttenham, Maister Stanihurst, and divers more have made use how farre wee are within compasse of a fore imagined impossibility in that behalfe ".

As a graduation requirement, all students must complete a term-long senior project and a human ecology essay in their final year, in addition to a mandatory internship sometime within their four years.

Asking if it were possible to predict if the wartime alliance would fall apart within a matter of months, leaving in its place nearly a half century of cold war, Gaddis wrote in a 1997 essay, " Geography, demography, and tradition contributed to this outcome but did not determine it.

Apparently the same origin for the Great Eagles is implied by the speech of Manwë within the essay: "... before the Children awake there shall go forth with wings like the wind the Eagles of the Lords of the West.

His essay on the League of Nations Covenant within the Treaty of Versailles ( The Future of the Covenant, London: League of Nations Union, 1920 ) helped to shape public opinion towards the League.

" Against Interpretation " is Sontag's seminal essay within Against Interpretation and Other Essays that discusses the divisions between two different kinds of art criticism and theory: that of formalist interpretation, and that of content-based interpretation.

For the Merit award, submission of a short reflection essay is required to ascertain students ' quality of experience within the domain ( s ).

His essay, " The Passing of the Church: Forty Variations on an Unpopular Theme ," which was published in the peer-reviewed journal Church History, touched off a short but furious debate within the journal's pages in 1961.

In his book Blood Relations: Chosen Families in Buffy and Angel, Jes Battis simply observed that the relationship completes the already present “ circuit of erotic incest within Buffy and Angel .” Jean Lorrah, in her academic essay " A World Without Love: The Failure of Family in Angel ," agreed with previous statements, further noting that Connor is the product of a relationship with incestuous tones: ” Angel is seduced by Darla, formerly his sire ( mother ), now his granddaughter Connor ’ s life, unbeknownst to either parent, has begun .”

Vidal's essay juxtaposes the arrival of CIA agent and hardboiled novelist E. Howard Hunt at Bremer's apartment within hours of Wallace's assassination to the " avant-garde " prose later found in Bremer's diary.

The essay is generally seen as a feminist text, and is noted in its argument for both a literal and figural space for women writers within a literary tradition dominated by patriarchy.

Roh first used the term in an essay in 1925, " Magic Realism: Post-Expressionism ", to contrast to Gustav Friedrich Hartlaub's " New Objectivity ", which more narrowly characterized these developments within German art.