Such elements include the essential idea of narrative structure, with identifiable beginnings, middles and endings, or exposition-development-climax-resolution-denouement, normally constructed into coherent plot lines ; a strong focus on temporality, which includes retention of the past, attention to present action, and protention / future anticipation ; a substantial focus on characters and characterization which is " arguably the most important single component of the novel "; a given heterogloss of different voices dialogically at play – " the sound of the human voice, or many voices, speaking in a variety of accents, rhythms and registers "; possesses a narrator or narrator-like voice, which by definition " addresses " and " interacts with " reading audiences ( see Reader Response theory ); communicates with a Wayne Booth-esque rhetorical thrust, a dialectic process of interpretation, which is at times beneath the surface, conditioning a plotted narrative, and other at other times much more visible, " arguing " for and against various positions ; relies substantially on now-standard aesthetic figuration, particularly including the use of metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche and irony ( see Hayden White, Metahistory for expansion of this idea ); is often enmeshed in intertextuality, with copious connections, references, allusions, similarities, parallels, etc.

Such elements include the essential idea of narrative structure, with identifiable beginnings, middles and ends, or exposition-development-climax-denouement, with important inciting incidents, normally constructed into coherent plot lines ; a strong focus on temporality that includes retention of the past, attention to present action and protention / future anticipation ; a substantial focus on characters and characterization which is " arguably the most important single component of the novel " ( David Lodge The Art of Fiction 67 ); a given hetergloss of different voices dialogically at play, " the sound of the human voice, or many voices, speaking in a variety of accents, rhythms and registers " ( Lodge The Art of Fiction 97 ; see also the theory of Mikhail Bakhtin for expansion of this idea ); possesses a narrator or narrator-like voice, which by definition " addresses " and " interacts with " reading audiences ( see Reader Response theory ); communicates with a Wayne Booth-esque rhetorical thrust, a dialectic process of interpretation, which is at times beneath the surface, conditioning a plotted narrative, and other at other times much more visible, " arguing " for and against various positions ; relies substantially on now-standard aesthetic figuration, particularly including the use of metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche and irony ( see Hayden White, Metahistory for expansion of this idea ); is often enmeshed in intertextuality, with copious connections, references, allusions, similarities, parallels, etc.

McDonald's acquaintance George Early, a prominent engineer with the United Aircraft Association and also a NICAP member, said, " I don't think Jim was 100 % sold on the UFOs being extraterrestrial spacecraft with beings in them ... His essential thrust was that here is a topic worthy of scientific study which has not been studied scientifically, and we should find out what the answer is.

To counteract the asymmetrical forces created by the loss of thrust from the No. 4 engine, it was essential for the pilot to manually push on the left rudder.

And if I have gone into so much detail about so small a work, that is because it is also so typical a work, representing the germinal form of a conflict which remains essential in Mann's writing: the crude sketch of Piepsam contains, in its critical, destructive and self-destructive tendencies, much that is enlarged and illuminated in the figures of, for instance, Naphta and Leverkuhn.

On this basis, our already substantial budget for research and development has been further increased in recent years in order to finance the continuing engineering and design work essential to Leesona's future growth in sales and earnings.

Consultation with architects, clients, real estate men, fabric houses and furniture companies is essential to the proper development of class problems just as in actual work.

Her conclusion has been borne out in the experience of many practitioners: `` short-contact interviewing is neither a truncated nor a telescoped experience but is of the same essential quality as the so-called intensive case work ''.

High motivation towards higher education must start early enough so that by the time the boy or girl reaches grade 9 he or she has at least developed those basic skills which are essential for academic work.

Today many college bound students try to take a course in personal typing, as they feel a certain degree of mastery of this skill is almost essential for one who proposes to do academic work in college and a professional school.

`` When and if it can do so without jeopardizing constitutional and statutory tax-exemption privileges essential to the maintenance of its educational program and facilities, Emory University will consider applications of persons desiring to study or work at the University without regard to race, color or creed, continuing university policy that all applications shall be considered on the basis of intellectual and moral standards and other criteria designed to assure the orderly and effective conduct of the university and the fulfillment of its mission as an institution of Christian higher education ''.

It is essential that the conservator should fully justify any such work.

As the user stories pass their acceptance criteria, the business owners can be sure of the fact that the developers are progressing in the right direction about how the application was envisaged to work and so it's essential that these tests include both business logic tests as well as UI validation elements ( if need be ).

To realise such a metapopulation management plan, work with local communities is essential to reverse the decline and allow for the implementation of a transfer strategy.

The MGH is a vast series ( it runs to hundreds of volumes and is still publishing ) of edited primary source material essential for scholarly work on late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

Thomas supplemented his income by writing scripts for the BBC in 1940 earning money and undertaking essential war work.

According to US President John Adams, Ponet's work contained " all the essential principles of liberty, which were afterward dilated on by Sidney and Locke ", including the idea of a three-branched government.

The impairment could lead to the abnormal cerebellar circuitry seen in essential tremor and suggests that alcohol may also work as an exacerbating agent in the pathology of this disease.

As Levy described in Chapter 2, " Hackers believe that essential lessons can be learned about the systems — about the world — from taking things apart, seeing how they work, and using this knowledge to create new and more interesting things.

Macleod was awarded half of the Nobel Prize for the discovery of insulin, even though many people ( including Banting ) publicly insisted that Macleod's involvement was minimal and Best's work had been essential.

In his character as the teacher of the new doctrine and promulgator of the new law lies the essential nature of his redeeming work.

In his textbooks he selected Indo-European examples that supported the key Neogrammarian hypothesis of the regularity of sound change, and emphasized a sequence of steps essential to success in comparative work: ( a ) appropriate data in the form of texts which must be studied intensively and analysed ; ( b ) application of the comparative method ; ( c ) reconstruction of proto-forms.

ILECs argue that LLU amounts to a regulatory taking, that they are forced to provide competitors with essential business inputs, that LLU stifles infrastructure-based competition and technical innovation because new entrants prefer to ' parasitise ' the incumbent's network instead of building their own and that the regulatory interference required to make LLU work ( e. g., to set the LLU access price ) is detrimental to the market.

While Charles Darwin's work remade the aristotelian concept of " man, the animal " in the public mind, Jung suggested that human impulses toward breaking social norms were not the product of childishness, or ignorance, but rather derived from the essential nature of the human animal.

Murray's Witch Cult in Western Europe 1921, written during a period she was unable to do field work in Egypt, laid out the essential elements of her thesis that a common pattern of underground pagan resistance to the Christian Church existed across Europe.

This is done in part based upon the perception that the most important and essential police work is accomplished on patrol in which officers become acquainted with their beats, prevent crime by their presence, respond to crimes in progress, manage crises, and practice their skills.

Recent work on photosynthesis has provided evidence that quantum correlations play an essential role in this basic fundamental process of the plant kingdom.

This variability has significant effects on the supply chain infrastructure, from the foundation layers of establishing and managing the electronic communication between the trading partners to more complex requirements including the configuration of the processes and work flows that are essential to the management of the network itself.

A useful comment on his relation to his region may be made, I think, by noting briefly how in handling Southern materials and Southern problems he has deviated from the pattern set by other Southern authors while remaining faithful to the essential character of the region.

In analyzing the watercolors of Roy Mason, the first thing that comes to mind is their essential decorativeness, yet this word has such a varied connotation that it needs some elaboration here.

Long observation has taught Mason that most landscape can be reduced to three essential planes: a foreground in sharp focus -- either a light area with dark accents or a dark one with lights ; ;

The RABDF has responsibility for several different roles: internal security, prevention of drug smuggling, the protection and support of fishing rights, prevention of marine pollution, search and rescue, ceremonial duties, assistance to government programs, provision of relief during natural disasters, assistance in the maintenance of essential services and support of the police in maintaining law and order.

Malraux argues that, while art has sometimes been oriented towards beauty and the sublime ( principally in post-Renaissance European art ) these qualities, as the wider history of art demonstrates, are by no means essential to it.

Using Zorn's lemma, it can be shown that every field has an algebraic closure, and that the algebraic closure of a field K is unique up to an isomorphism that fixes every member of K. Because of this essential uniqueness, we often speak of the algebraic closure of K, rather than an algebraic closure of K.

Afrobeat has profoundly influenced important contemporary producers and musicians like Brian Eno and David Byrne, who credit Fela Kuti as an essential muse.

Bromine has no essential function in mammals, though it is preferentially used over chloride by one antiparasitic enzyme in the human immune system.

Bromine has no known essential role in human or mammalian health, but inorganic bromine and organobromine compounds do occur naturally, and some may be of use to higher organisms in dealing with parasites.

In the modern world, written calendars are no longer an essential part of such systems, as the advent of accurate clocks has made it possible to record time independently of astronomical events.

Chromium has no verified biological role and has been classified as not essential for mammals.

The ability to produce synthetic forms of essential nutrients such as taurine in the lab has allowed feed manufacturers to formulate foods for carnivores including domestic pets and zoo animals with varying amounts of plant material.

Control engineering has an essential role in a wide range of control systems, from simple household washing machines to high-performance F-16 fighter aircraft.

Cross-examination is considered an essential component of a jury trial because of the impact it has on the opinions of the judge and jury.

ECMA and ISO require that all patents essential to implementation be made available under " reasonable and non-discriminatory ( RAND ) terms ", but interpretation of this has led to much controversy, particularly in the case of Mono.

In this view, " God has created men and women equal in their essential dignity and human personhood, but different and complementary in function with male headship in the home and in the Church.

" This term, which was variously used by other Chinese philosophers ( including Confucius, Mencius, Mozi, and Hanfeizi ), has special meaning within the context of Daoism, where it implies the essential, unnamable process of the universe.

In business, DECT has become an essential part of many PABX installations with manufacturer's proprietary methods of supporting PABX features over the DECT standard.

It has been argued that high rates of education are essential for countries to be able to achieve high levels of economic growth.

The government has maintained Ecuador virtually free of coca production since the mid-1980s and is working to combat money laundering and the transshipment of drugs and chemicals essential to the processing of cocaine.

The Roman Catholic Church believes that grape juice that has not begun even minimally to ferment cannot be accepted as wine, which it sees as essential for celebration of the Eucharist.