Help


[permalink] [id link]
+
Page "Historical race concepts" ¶ 48
from Wikipedia
Edit
Promote Demote Fragment Fix

Some Related Sentences

eugenics and movement
As a social movement, eugenics reached its greatest popularity in the early decades of the 20th century.
Ward's 1913 article " Eugenics, Euthenics, and Eudemics " and Chesterton's 1917 book Eugenics and Other Evils were harshly critical of the rapidly growing eugenics movement.
The eugenics movement in the USA seized on it as a means to give them credibility in diagnosing mental retardation, and thousands of American women, most of them poor African Americans, were forcibly sterilized based on their scores on IQ tests, often without their consent or knowledge.
Sanger is a frequent target of criticism by opponents of birth control and has also been criticized for supporting eugenics, but remains an iconic figure in the American reproductive rights movement.
In the early 20th century, many anthropologists accepted and taught the belief that biologically distinct races were isomorphic with distinct linguistic, cultural, and social groups, while popularly applying that belief to the field of eugenics, in conjunction with a practice that is now called scientific racism. Charles Darwin's theory of evolution was co-opted by the budding eugenics movement to justify systematic population and racial planning in the early 20th century.
Many organizations and journals that had their origins in the eugenics movement began to distance themselves from the philosophy, as when Eugenics Quarterly became Social Biology in 1969.
Due to the eugenics movement in Europe and the United States, the colonial government became concerned with the differences between Hutu and Tutsi.
Goddard, a champion of the eugenics movement, found utility in mental testing as a way to evidence the superiority of the white race.
He was, nevertheless, a leading figure in the eugenics movement ( see, for example, Eugenics manifesto ).
This organization, founded by Procter & Gamble heir Clarence Gamble provided experts, written material and monetary support to the eugenics movement.
Muller was critical of the new directions of the eugenics movement ( such as anti-immigration ), but was hopeful about the prospects for positive eugenics.
Meanwhile, the waning of the eugenics movement, ironically hastened by his own work pointing to the previously ignored connections between environment and genetics, meant that his ideas on the future of human evolution had reduced impact in the public sphere.
It claimed that Spencer had used evolution to justify economic and social inequality, and to support a political stance of extreme conservatism, which led, amongst other things, to the eugenics movement.
In 1906, together with Irving Fisher and Charles Davenport, Kellogg founded the Race Betterment Foundation, which became a major center of the new eugenics movement in America.
As a follower of the eugenics movement and, by modern day standards, a white supremacist, Plecker falsely surmised that there were no true Virginia Indians remaining as years of intermarriage has diluted the race.
Correia concludes that Singularitarianism and the broader transhumanist movement are old-fashioned eugenics with better techniques passing itself off as pragmatic postmodernism.
The prospect of a " designer baby " is closely related to the PGD technique, creating a fear that increasing frequency of genetic screening will move toward a modern eugenics movement.
The organization has been controversial, with some comparing it to the eugenics movement.
Francis Galton began work in 1869 to find a statistical science of heredity which could encourage voluntary care in selecting partners, and in 1883 introduced the term " eugenics " for this subject, but in the early 20th century a eugenics movement adopted ideas of Mendelian genetics and promoted negative eugenics to prevent those thought to be unsuitable from having children, and eugenics was misused to legitimise policies of racial hygene.

eugenics and late
As late as 1946, shortly before his death, Keynes declared eugenics to be " the most important, significant and, I would add, genuine branch of sociology which exists.
Despite the Supreme Court rulings in support of eugenics as constitutionally permitted, even as late as 1950 some physicians in North Carolina were still concerned about the legality of sterilization.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, several states imposed various eugenics laws against anyone deemed to be a " sexual pervert ".
Skeptics argue that fears of population control can be traced back to the traumatic legacy of the eugenics movement's " war against the weak " in the United States during the first decades of the 20th century but also the Second Red Scare in the U. S. during the late 1940s and 1950s, and to a lesser extent in the 1960s, when activists on the far right of American politics routinely opposed public health programs, notably water fluoridation, mass vaccination and mental health services, by asserting they were all part of a far-reaching plot to impose a socialist or communist regime.
Proponents of eugenics such as the late Glayde Whitney accused Mehler of using what they perceive as ' inquisition-like ' tactics in order to discredit controversial scientists such as Raymond Cattell and Richard Lynn on what they considered to be nonscientific grounds.

eugenics and early
The American sociologist Lester Frank Ward and the English writer G. K. Chesterton were early critics of the philosophy of eugenics.
Critics also see parallels between sociobiology and biological determinism as a philosophy underlying the social Darwinian and eugenics movements of the early 20th century, and controversies in the history of intelligence testing.
He was an early, high-profile opponent of eugenics laws, and he carried his opposition into the vice-presidency.
Arising from the dominant discourse of the Jewish suffering during the years of Nazi domination, and building on the divergence of differential victimhoods brought to light by studies of the Roma and the mentally ill, who suffered massively under the eugenics programs of the Third Reich, the idea of a “ Gay Holocaust ” was first explored in the early 1970s.
Between 1933 and 1934, Nazi policy was fairly moderate, not wishing to scare off voters or moderately minded politicians ( although the eugenics program was established as early as July 1933 ).
Instead, using concepts drawn from physiognomy, early eugenics, psychiatry and Social Darwinism, Lombroso's theory of anthropological criminology essentially stated that criminality was inherited, and that someone " born criminal " could be identified by physical defects, which confirmed a criminal as savage, or atavistic.
He drew an analogy in 1996 between the consensus in the early and mid-twentieth century on eugenics and the current consensus about global warming.
In its early years, and during the Nazi era, it was strongly associated with theories of eugenics and racial hygiene advocated by its leading theorists Fritz Lenz and Eugen Fischer, and by its director Otmar von Verschuer.
Historian Jonathan Spiro has argued that Grant's interests in conservationism and eugenics were not unrelated: both are hallmarks of the early 20th-century Progressive movement, and both assume the need for various types of stewardship over their charges.
It helped propel Goddard to the status of one of the nation's top experts in using psychology in policy, and along with the work of Charles B. Davenport and Madison Grant is considered one of the canonical works of early 20th century American eugenics.
* Untermensch, a term from early eugenics and Nazi racial ideology for an " inferior human being "
During the early 20th century, Harry H. Laughlin, director of the Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor, New York, became concerned that states were not enforcing their eugenics laws.
Eugenicist Frederick Osborn laid the intellectual groundwork for liberal eugenics as early as the 1930s when he was the director of the Carnegie Institution for Science.
They referred to social darwinism and eugenics of the early 20th century, and to other more recent ideas, such as the IQ controversy of the early 1970s as cautionary tales in the use of evolutionary principles as applied to human society.

eugenics and 20th
However, developments in genetic, genomic, and reproductive technologies at the end of the 20th century have raised many new questions and concerns about the meaning of eugenics and its ethical and moral status in the modern era, effectively creating a resurgence of interest in eugenics.
His political opinions ( and Galton's as well ) were strongly inclined against the coercive, authoritarian forms of eugenics that became so prominent in the 20th century.
In the 20th century, it was also associated with the rise of eugenics and ideas of racial purity.
In the first half of the 20th century, several such programs were instituted in countries around the world, usually as part of eugenics programs intended to prevent the reproduction and multiplication of members of the population considered to be carriers of defective genetic traits.
In the first half of the 20th century, a diagnosis of " feeble-mindedness, in any of its grades " was a common criterion for many states in the United States, which embraced eugenics as a progressive measure, to mandate the compulsory sterilization of such patients.
The term refers to any ideology of eugenics which is inspired by an underlying liberal theory but also to differentiate it from the authoritarian state eugenic programs of the first half of the 20th century, which were associated with coercive methods to decrease the frequency of certain human hereditary traits passed on to the next generation.
Although eugenics had been a popular movement in the United States during the first three decades of the 20th century, by the early 1930s popular interest had begun to fade, as the underlying science came under question.
According to Silver, the main differences between reprogenetics and eugenics, the belief in the possibility of improving the gene pool which in the first half of the 20th century became infamous for the brutal policies it inspired, is that most eugenics programs were compulsory programs imposed upon citizens by governments trying to enact an ultimate goal.

0.302 seconds.