This has been criticized as it assumes a lack of criminal responsibility simply because there is evidence of some sort of mental dysfunction, rather than establishing a standard of criminal responsibility.

Van Driem points to two main pieces of evidence establishing a special relationship between Sinitic and Bodic, and thus placing Chinese within the Tibeto-Burman family.

Turkish courts have no jury system ; judges render decisions after establishing the facts in each case based on evidence presented by lawyers and prosecutors.

The peak of activity of these courts was during the 14th to 15th centuries, with lesser activity attested for the 13th and 16th centuries, and scattered evidence establishing their continued existence during the 17th and 18th centuries.

The History of Jordan starts with evidence of human activity in Jordan in the Paleolithic period ( c. 90, 000 BC ), continues with the Muslim empires starting in the 7th century, the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century, the Great Arab Revolt and the British mandate of Transjordan in the early 20th century, and goes on to the present day with the establishing of the independent Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in 1946.

For example, the rules of evidence in criminal courts often require establishing the chain of custody of evidence presented.

There is also, however, no evidence of a change occurring in ecclesiastical organization in the latter half of the 2nd century, which would indicate that a new or newly-monarchical episcopacy was establishing itself.

:: Example: A defendant is entitled to a diminished capacity instruction when he produces expert testimony establishing that he suffered from a mental disorder, and the evidence “ logically and reasonably connects the defendant's alleged mental condition with the ... inability to possess the required level of culpability to commit the crime charged .” State v. Griffin, 100 Wn. 2d 417, 418 – 19, 670 P. 2d 265 ( 1983 ); see also Cienfuegos, 144 Wn. 2d at 227 ; State v. Ellis, 136 Wn. 2d 498, 521, 963 P. 2d 843 ( 1998 ).

In establishing the critical text, the textual critic considers both " external " evidence ( the age, provenance, and affiliation of each witness ) and " internal " or " physical " considerations ( what the author and scribes, or printers, were likely to have done ).

It should be clearly understood however, that though nucleic acid evidence might be definitive for establishing relationships, it does not follow that morphological description is any the less important for day-to-day purposes of description or identification.

Analytical bibliography, the cornerstone of descriptive bibliography, investigates the printing and all physical features of a book that yield evidence establishing a book's history and transmission ( Feather 10 ).

Popper ’ s theory presents an asymmetry in that evidence can prove a theory wrong, by establishing facts that are inconsistent with the theory.

Articles 7-16 propose restrictions on the powers of the government, declaring the government should not have the power of suspending or executing laws, " without consent of the representatives of the people "; establishing the legal rights to be " confronted with the accusers and witnesses, to call for evidence in his favor, and to a speedy trial by an impartial jury of his vicinage ," and to prevent a citizen from being " compelled to give evidence against himself.

Louis I's decree also regulated the legal status of the cneazes, the Romanians ' local leaders, by establishing a distinction between cneazes " brought to " their lands by royal writ whose testimony in court weighed like that of nobles (" noble cneazes "), and others whose evidence counted for less (" commoner cneazes ").

One court impressed upon the importance of wiretap evidence from CSIS in establishing guilt.

ePortfolios are supporting all components of good RPL practice through effective evidence capture and validation ; by establishing linkages to existing forms of evidence, and by complimenting the conversational style of good RPL process through regular asynchronous dialogue.

Though the story adds more circumstantial evidence to the theory of Selina's Falcone heritage, establishing that the Falcones ' secondborn daughter was put up for adoption in America, it also supplies no definitive proof.

Local fire marshals are authorized to investigate fires, obtain and execute search documents, take evidence, and detain and question in the process of establishing origin and cause.

The correspondence with Gray was thus a key piece of evidence in establishing Darwin's intellectual priority with respect to the theory of evolution through natural selection.

There is no evidence of a permanent settlement establishing itself around the current site of Cowdenbeath until the designation of the original Beath Kirk as a parish church in 1429 / 30 to act as a focal point to serve the surrounding area.

Investigating the conduct of jury members, an ethnomethodologist would seek to describe the commonsense methods through which members of a jury produce themselves in a jury room as jurors: methods for establishing matters of fact ; methods for developing evidence chains ; methods for determining the reliability of witness testimony ; methods for establishing the hierarchy of speakers in the jury room ; methods for determining the guilt or innocence of defendants, etc.

* Prophecies → Passages of Isaiah 40 – 66 refer to events that did not occur in Isaiah's own lifetime, such as the rise of Babylon as the world power, the destruction of Jerusalem, and the rise of Cyrus the Great, which is taken as evidence of later composition.

There is insufficient evidence to assert what conditions gave rise to the first cities.

There is no evidence that the character of Claudius ' policies and edicts changed with the rise and fall of the various freedmen, suggesting that he was firmly in control throughout.

According to Needham, though there is no way of answering the question of whether the crossbow first arose among the cultures neighboring ancient China before the rise of Chinese culture in their midst, or whether it spread outwards from China to all the environing peoples, the former seems the more probable hypothesis given linguistic evidence, which posits that the Chinese word for ' crossbow ' came from an Austroasiatic language.

The reputation and history of Damascus steel have given rise to many legends, such as the ability to cut through a rifle barrel or to cut a hair falling across the blade, but no evidence exists to support such claims.

Singer argues there is no evidence that global warming is attributable to human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that humanity would benefit if temperatures do rise.

Singer argues there is no evidence that the increases in carbon dioxide produced by humans cause global warming, and that if temperatures do rise it will be good for humankind.

Growing evidence of local and global pollution and an increasingly informed public over time have given rise to environmentalism and the environmental movement, which generally seek to limit human impact on the environment.

While it may seem unfair to forbid prosecution of crimes that law enforcement can later prove to a standard required by law (< em > cf .</ em >, e. g. beyond a reasonable doubt, clear and convincing evidence, and preponderance of the evidence ), the purpose of a statute of limitations or its equivalent is to ensure that the possibility of punishment for an act committed long ago cannot give rise to either a person's incarceration or the criminal justice system's activation.

In June 1919, Attorney General Palmer told the House Appropriations Committee that all evidence promised that radicals would " on a certain day … rise up and destroy the government at one fell swoop.

The rice paddies of Southeast Asia have existed for millennia, with evidence for their existence coeval with the rise of agriculture in other parts of the globe.

There may be cases where the match probability in relation to all the samples tested is so great that the judge would consider its probative value to be minimal and decide to exclude the evidence in the exercise of his discretion, but this gives rise to no new question of principle and can be left for decision on a case by case basis.

Belief may rise to 70 % if the evidence supports the proposition.

With the rise of Islam, the trade became dominated by Muslim traders, one ancient Arabic source appears to know the location of the islands, describing them as fifteen days ' sail East from the ' island of Jaba ' - presumably Java — but direct evidence of Islam in the archipelago occurs only in the late 14th century, as China's interest in regional maritime dominance waned.

Despite a scarcity of archaeological evidence, the existence of Moab prior to the rise of the Israelite state has been deduced from a colossal statue erected at Luxor by Pharaoh Ramesses II, in the 13th century BCE, which lists Mu ' ab among a series of nations conquered during a campaign.

Unusually fine for their early date, and with a remarkably rich survival of evidence, these sites stand as a visible symbol of the achievements of early peoples away from the traditional centres of civilisation ... The Ring of Brodgar is the finest known truly circular late Neolithic or early Bronze Age stone ring and a later expression of the spirit which gave rise to Maeshowe, Stenness and Skara Brae

Archaeological evidence for these earliest Native Americans is sketchy — in part because heavy glaciation, flooding, and post-glacial sea level rise have radically changed the landscape — but fluted Clovis-like points found in the region were probably left by Paleoindians at least 13, 000 years ago.

The idea that " God " and " Faith " are viruses of the mind has provoked some hostile criticism, including John Bowker's 1992 – 1993 Gresham College lectures, in which he suggests that Dawkins ' " account of religious motivation ... is ... far removed from evidence and data " and that, even if the God-meme approach were valid, " it does not give rise to one set of consequences ... Out of the many behaviours it produces, why are we required to isolate only those that might be regarded as diseased?

This theory of ecological decline is supported by archaeological remains that show a rise in the percentage of juvenile skeletons with evidence of malnutrition during the 6th century.

A speculation that his opponents organised a flypast at his funeral, giving rise to the missing man formation, is most unlikely and totally unsupported by any contemporary evidence.

Archaeological evidence suggests that Scythian-Sarmatian cultures may have given rise to the myth of Amazons.

The reasons an author might choose the roman à clef format include satire ; writing about controversial topics and / or reporting inside information on scandals without giving rise to charges of libel ; the opportunity to turn the tale the way the author would like it to have gone ; the opportunity to portray personal, autobiographical experiences without having to expose the author as the subject ; avoiding self-incrimination or incrimination of others that could be used as evidence in civil, criminal, or disciplinary proceedings ; and the settling of scores.