Theodosius was threatened with excommunication by Ambrose for the massacre of 7, 000 persons at Thessalonica in 390, after the murder of the Roman governor there by rioters.

Before his death, he was absolved from the excommunication ; moreover, the Pope also promised that the King of Hungary and his relatives would not be excommunicated without the special permission of the Pope.

In the course of a plot between Philip of Swabia, Boniface of Montferrat and the Doge of Venice, the Fourth Crusade was, despite papal excommunication, diverted in 1203 against Constantinople, ostensibly promoting the claims of Alexius son of the deposed emperor Isaac.

This petition was complied with by Pope Pius IV, January 26, 1564, in the papal bull, Benedictus Deus, which enjoins strict obedience upon all Catholics and forbids, under pain of excommunication, all unauthorized interpretation, reserving this to the Pope alone and threatens the disobedient with " the indignation of Almighty God and of his blessed apostles, Peter and Paul.

Emperor Frederick II regained the city and the church by treaty in the 13th century, while he himself was under a ban of excommunication, leading to the curious result of the holiest church in Christianity being laid under interdict.

Later, Ruhi was presented with a copy of Sohrab's book about his excommunication:

The Declaration was part of a broader diplomatic campaign which sought to assert Scotland's position as an independent kingdom, rather than being a feudal land controlled by England's Norman kings, as well as lift the excommunication of Robert the Bruce.

It was only in October 1328, after a short-lived peace treaty between Scotland and England, the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton ( which renounced all English claims to Scotland and was signed by the new English king, Edward III, on 1 March 1328 ), that the interdict on Scotland and the excommunication of its king were finally removed.

Victor's attempted excommunication was apparently rescinded and the two sides reconciled upon the intervention of bishop Irenaeus and others, who reminded Victor of the tolerant precedent of Anicetus.

A similar declaration was issued with regard to Archbishop Emmanuel Milingo's conferring of episcopal ordination on four men-all of whom, by virtue of previous Independent Catholic consecrations, claimed already to be bishops-on 24 September 2006: the Holy See, as well as stating that, in accordance with Canon 1382 of the Code of Canon Law, all five men involved incurred automatic (" latae sententiae ") excommunication through their actions, declared that " the Church does not recognise and does not intend in the future to recognise these ordinations or any ordinations derived from them, and she holds that the canonical state of the four alleged bishops is the same as it was prior to the ordination.

A sentence of excommunication was pronounced against Henry V, who had extorted through violence from the pope the concessions documented in the Privilegium.

The king found himself with almost no political support and was forced to make the famous Walk to Canossa in 1077, by which he achieved a lifting of the excommunication at the price of humiliation.

Henry managed to defeat him but was subsequently confronted with more uprisings, renewed excommunication and even the rebellion of his sons.

The council decided to re-examine the Ordonnances and on 18 September it voted in support of Calvin — excommunication was within the jurisdiction of the Consistory.

The latter then took up the usage according to which one who remained for 44 days under excommunication came under the penalties executed by the State, and wrote his De incarcerandis fedelibus, in which he demanded that it should be legal for the excommunicated to appeal to the king and his council against the excommunication ; in this writing he laid open the entire case and in such a way that it was understood by the laity.

In March, Frederick crowned himself in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, but because of his excommunication and the interdict Jerusalem was never truly reincorporated into the kingdom, which continued to be ruled from Acre.

In 1080 Henry was excommunicated again, and the next year he crossed the Alps, aiming either to get the pope to end the excommunication and crown him emperor, or to depose the pope in favor of someone more co-operative.

In light of his overt involvement in Italian politics – anyone who voted for a Communist candidate in the 1948 elections was threatened with automatic excommunication – Pius XII became known as a staunch opponent of the Italian Communist Party.

In March 1425 a bull was issued that threatened excommunication for any Christian slave dealers and ordered Jews to wear a " badge of infamy " to deter, in part, the buying of Christians.

The first was the enacting of a decree forbidding anyone during the lifetime of a pope to discuss the appointment of his successor under pain of excommunication.

* Canon 19 declared excommunication for those who tried to tax churches and clergy without the consent of the bishop.

* Canon 6 decreed deposition from clerical office or excommunication for those who did not accept the Council's decrees

The 1917 Code of Canon Law, which abolished all ecclesiastical penalties not mentioned in the Code itself ( canon 6 ), made " anathema " synonymous with " excommunication " ( canon 2257 ).

Prior to the Code of Canon Law of 1983, the Catholic Church expected in rare cases ( known as excommunication vitandi ) the faithful to shun an excommunicated member in secular matters.

Theft, sale, or use of the host for a profane purpose is considered a grave sin and sacrilege, which incurs the penalty of excommunication, which is imposed automatically in the Latin Rite ( See Code of Canon Law, Latin Rite Code canon 1367, or Eastern Rite Code canon 1442.

That such-and-such offense is listed in the Code of Canon Law or the Shulchan Aruch as punishable by excommunication is of some historical and perhaps theological interest but in terms of understanding actual religious life such laws are interesting only insofar as they were actually enforced.

Two days after the consecration of the four Americans as bishops, on September 26, 2006, the Holy See's press office announced in an unsigned statement that both Milingo and the four men involved in the episcopal consecration had automatically incurred excommunication ( see Latæ sententiæ ) in accordance with canon 1382 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law.

For a priest to break confidentiality would lead to a latae sententiae ( automatic ) excommunication, the lifting of which is reserved to the Holy See — in fact, to the Pope himself ( Code of Canon Law, 1388 § 1 ).

Brown consecrated Francis Schuckardt without a pontifical mandate ( i. e. permission from the Pope ), which is normally required by the Code of Canon Law under penalty of excommunication.

This excommunication was later complemented by canon 2319 of the 1917 Code of Canon Law, which in turn was modified in 1953 to subsume the U. S .- only excommunication.

* April 6 – Joseph F. Smith issues the " Second Manifesto ," which reinforces the 1890 Manifesto and prescribes excommunication for those who continued to practice plural marriage.

The document described the manner and frequency of their celebrations of the eucharist, the reason for and the method of excommunication, the requirement to subscribe to the confession of faith, the use of congregational singing in the liturgy, and the revision of marriage laws.

In 1988, following the excommunication of Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre and four bishops that he had consecrated, the Pope issued a further document, a motu proprio known as Ecclesia Dei, which stated that " respect must everywhere be shown for the feelings of all those who are attached to the Latin liturgical tradition ".

Some reported that even accusers were subjected to excommunication if they made their accusations known, and that the document was stored in the Vatican Secret Archives, where it was discovered by a lawyer pursuing cases on behalf of victims of abuse by Catholic priests.

Obtaining no satisfactory concessions, Pandulf is said to have produced the papal sentence of excommunication in the very presence of the king.

Thus, the New Catholic Encyclopedia argues that the dispute need not have produced a permanent schism any more than excommunication of any " contumacious bishop.

This led to his excommunication by the holy see and possibly precipitated his death, and his son Dom Dinis's premature rise to the throne at only 18 years old.

The proposition of the latter to prohibit, under penalty of excommunication, the study of philosophy and any of the sciences except medicine, by one under thirty years of age, met with the approval of Ben Adret.

Despite the excommunication of Bruce and his followers by Pope Clement V, his support slowly strengthened ; and by 1314 with the help of leading nobles such as Sir James Douglas and Thomas Randolph only the castles at Bothwell and Stirling remained under English control.

In 1320 the Declaration of Arbroath, a remonstrance to the Pope from the nobles of Scotland, helped convince Pope John XXII to overturn the earlier excommunication and nullify the various acts of submission by Scottish kings to English ones so that Scotland's sovereignty could be recognised by the major European dynasties.

In earlier days, when Jews had a functioning court system ( the beth din and the Sanhedrin high court ), courts were empowered to administer physical punishments for various violations, upon conviction by far stricter standards of evidence than are acceptable in courts in modern democracies: execution, corporal punishment, incarceration, excommunication.

An argument with Pope Innocent III led to John's excommunication in 1209, a dispute finally settled by the king in 1213.

However, al-Kamil presumably did not know of the small size of Frederick's army, nor the divisions within it caused by his excommunication, and wished to avoid defending his territories against another crusade.

Meanwhile, in Italy, the Pope had used Frederick's excommunication as an excuse to invade his Italian territories ; the papal armies were led by Frederick's former father-in-law John of Brienne.

However, upon being elected Pope at the papal conclave of 1303, he released King Philip IV of France from the excommunication that had been laid upon him by Boniface VIII, and practically ignored Boniface's bull Unam sanctam, which asserted papal supremacy over secular rulers.

Robert II of France, who had been insisting on his right to appoint bishops, was ultimately forced to back down, and ultimately also to put aside his wife Bertha, by the rigorous enforcement of a sentence of excommunication on the kingdom.