He also wrote his " Message To The Public ", primarily a defence of the expedition's organisation and conduct in which the party's failure is attributed to weather and other misfortunes, but ending on an inspirational note, with these words:

Despite Roosevelt's continued decline and loss of over 50 pounds ( 20 kg ) of his original 220, Commander Rondon had been repeatedly slowing down the pace of the expedition in dedication to his commission's mapmaking and other geographical goals that demanded regular stops to fix the expedition's position by sun-based survey.

The expedition's naturalist and chaplain, Father Reçeveur, died in February after a skirmish the previous December in Samoa with the inhabitants, in which Langle, commander of Astrolabe and 12 other members of the French expedition were killed.

The expedition's recommendations eventually led to the creation of the Azraq Wetland Reserve and other protected areas.

He also maintained the expedition's cameras, camp beds, primus stoves and many other devices.

Jackson was less pleased with Bruce's proprietarial attitude to his personal specimens, which he refused to entrust to the British Museum with the expedition's other finds.

As Karluk drifted from its fixed position it became impossible for the hunting party to return ; Stefansson then devoted himself to the expedition's other objectives, leaving the crew and staff aboard the ship under the charge of its captain, Robert Bartlett.

Thus, although the Federals had checked a demonstration by a portion of Forrest's force, a major accomplishment, other Confederates had fulfilled an element of the expedition's mission.

Deteriorating weather conditions and weak, unacclimatised ponies affected the initial depot-laying journey, so that the expedition's main supply point, One Ton Depot, was laid north of its planned location at 80 ° S. Lawrence Oates, in charge of the ponies, advised Scott to kill ponies for food and advance the depot to 80 ° S, which Scott refused to do.

In his book he listed the expedition's main achievements: proof that an expedition could live on Victoria Land over winter ; a year's continuous magnetic and meteorological observations ; an estimate of the current position of the South Magnetic Pole ; discoveries of new species of insects and shallow-water fauna ; coastal mapping and the discovery of new islands ; the first landing on Ross Island and, finally, the scaling of the Great Ice Barrier and the sledging to 78 ° 50 ' S, " the furthest south ever reached by man ".

In October 1912, Bickerton was also chosen to lead one of the expedition's four main sledging parties.

Mertz exploring the ice ravines near the expedition's main base at Cape Denison

" On 2 December 1911, after final preparations and loading were completed in Hobart, the Aurora sailed south ; she stopped briefly at Macquarie Island, where a wireless relay base was established, and reached the site of the expedition's main base at Cape Denison in Adélie Land, on the Antarctic continent, in early January.

He had successfully petitioned the King for the Charter, was a " captain of success " in defence-works and skirmishing ( patrolling ) and was one of the expedition's main stockholders.

The expedition's scientific staff included Arne Skjølsvold, Carlyle Smith, Edwin Ferdon, Gonzalo Figueroa and William Mulloy.

On April 17, after mustering what forces he could, Portolà's land expedition, which included Lt. Pedro Fages, twelve Catalonian volunteers, seven leather-jacket soldiers, five Baja California Indians, two muleteers, and Father Crespi serving as the expedition's chaplain, again marched north.

Amherst chose Brigadier General John Prideaux to lead the expedition, which also included Sir William Johnson, the British Indian agent who led the expedition's Iroquois forces.

They first travel to the Puppeteer home world, where they learn that the expedition's goal is to explore a ringworld: an artificial ring about one million miles wide and approximately the diameter of Earth's orbit ( which makes it about 600 million miles in circumference ), encircling a Sol-type star.

He also participated, with the scientists Edward Wilson and Hartley Ferrar, in the first sledging trip from the expedition's winter quarters in McMurdo Sound, a journey which established a safe route on to the Great Ice Barrier.

In 1519 Alvarado accompanied Hernán Cortés in his expedition to Mexico, commanding one of the eleven vessels in the fleet and also acting as Cortés ' second in command during the expedition's first stay in the Aztec capital city of Tenochtitlán.

In a first exploration of the area, Robert Falcon Scott made a significant study of the shelf and its surroundings from his expedition's base on Ross Island.

Entrecasteaux was fortunate in having good officers and scientists ; the most important from the exploration point of view was the expedition's first hydrographical engineer, C. F Beautemps-Beaupré, who is now regarded as the father of modern French hydrography.

The expedition's crew returned to Earth aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis following the first Shuttle – Mir docking during mission STS-71.

He and Count Teleki were the first Europeans to see Lake Turkana, which they named Lake Rudolf after the expedition's patron Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria and Lake Stefanie ( named after Prince Rudolf's wife, Princess Stéphanie of Belgium ).

* 17 January Captain James Cook and the crews of his expedition's ships, Resolution and Adventure, become the first explorers to cross the Antarctic Circle

González had the first view of Maya idols and he brought away with him pieces " half of gold, and the rest copper ", which in all ways would suffice to excite the covetousness of the Spaniards of Cuba upon the expedition's return.

There were at least seven New Christians ( converted Jews ) who sailed with Columbus in his first voyage, including Rodrigo de Triana, who was the first to sight land ( Columbus later assumed credit for this ), Maestre Bernal, who served as the expedition's physician, and Luis De Torres, the interpreter, who spoke Hebrew and Arabic, which it was believed would be useful in the Orient — their intended destination.

The expedition's first discovery was named Cape Tegetthoff.

The expedition's first winter was very hard.

After twenty-six days on an ice shelf, first trying to shovel tons of snow to create an airstrip, until someone suggested the easier way of tramping the snow surface, the expedition's six members squeezed themselves into the remaining plane.

The expedition's discoveries and experiences made a significant contribution to polar science, especially the discovery of the Northeast passage by Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld.

The Tomb of Weni was lost after a French expedition's location of the famous Biography of Weni, but was then relocated in 1999 by an American archaeologist team led by Dr. Janet Richards.

Only two, however, had previous polar experience: Alistair Forbes Mackay, the expedition's medical officer, had visited Antarctica with Sir Ernest Shackleton's Nimrod expedition in 1907 – 09, and had been one of the party of three to discover the location of the South Magnetic Pole.

During the Antarctic winter of 1902, in the confines of the iced-in Discovery, Shackleton edited the expedition's magazine The South Polar Times.

Scott chose Shackleton to accompany Wilson and himself on the expedition's southern journey, a march southwards to achieve the highest possible latitude in the direction of the South Pole.

After discussions with the expedition's second-in-command, Frank Wild, and ship's captain Frank Worsley, Shackleton decided to attempt to reach the whaling stations of South Georgia, to the north-east, with the help of following winds.

The expedition was hampered from the outset by uncertainty in its purpose and command structure — political maneuvering in Athens swelled a lightweight force of twenty ships into a massive armada, and the expedition's primary proponent, Alcibiades, was recalled from command to stand trial before the fleet even reached Sicily — but still achieved early successes.

Boardman and Pertemba, the expedition's head Sirdar, reached the summit on 26 September.

News of the expedition's success reached London on the morning of Queen Elizabeth II's coronation.

One of the expedition's two ships, the Sonora, under Bodega y Quadra, ultimately reached latitude 58 ° north, entered Sitka Sound and formally claimed the region for Spain.

The story is told from the viewpoint of the expedition's psychologist, and tries to be ( based on the knowledge then known about Mars when written ) accurate and realistic as to the problems encountered due to the Martian environment, the technology they have, and the human emotional response to their situation.

González Dávila returned to his expedition's starting point in Panama and reported on his find, naming the area Nicaragua.

Commentators in the 21st century have on the whole regarded Scott more positively, emphasising his personal bravery and stoicism while acknowledging his errors, but ascribing his expedition's fate primarily to misfortune.

As early as March 1785, Lapérouse proposed that Paul Monneron, who had been chosen as the expedition's chief engineer, go to London to find out about the latest conclusions on the anti-scurvy measures recommended by Cook and the exchange items used by Cook in his dealings with the native peoples, and to buy scientific instruments of English manufacture.

Years after the deaths of Scott, Wilson and Shackleton, Albert Armitage, the expedition's second-in-command, claimed that there had been a falling-out on the southern journey, and that Scott had told the ship's doctor that " if he does not go back sick he will go back in disgrace.

Guzman dines on the low food supplies while the men are starving, and has the expedition's only horse pushed off the raft because it annoys him.

He stressed the scientific aspect of the Lewis and Clark expedition ( 1804 – 06 ), which explored the Pacific Northwest, and detailed, systematic information on the region's plants and animals was one of that expedition's legacies.

The expedition's next destination was Sarawak, on the island of Borneo.

Clark concentrated chiefly on the drawing of maps, the management of the expedition's supplies, and leading hunting expeditions for game.

The south-north leg was successfully completed ( except that they were stopped by swampland from the northern coastline ), but owing to poor leadership and bad luck, both of the expedition's leaders died on the return journey.

At Kinchega on the Darling, Landells resigned from the expedition, followed by the expedition's surgeon, Dr Hermann Beckler.

Howitt and the expedition's doctor continued on to Adelaide while the rest of the expedition members followed three days later by train.

And in fact the gun was used on several occasions, especially during the expedition's retreat from central Africa, not because of its devastating effects, but as an effective means to scare off native attackers.

The triumphant expedition's return is reported on the radio.

During the expedition's sojourn on the island, one sailor was killed by natives ; twelve islanders were killed in the ensuing battle with the Americans.

The expedition's reports on the Tongan past — including a large volume of material which still remains unpublished even today — were primarily compiled by Edward Winslow Gifford and provided the groundwork for comprehensive studies of the pre-contact history of the Tongans ( Burley 1998 ).

He and the expedition's leader, Noel Odell, discovered that they had met before in 1919 on Foel Grach, a 3000-foot high Welsh mountain, when Irvine had ridden his motorcycle to the top and surprised Odell and his wife Mona, who had climbed it on foot.