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Page "Grand Unified Theory" ¶ 7
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fact and electric
In fact I cannot imagine myself condemning a man to the noose or the electric chair if I had to take, as an individual, the responsibility for his death.
In fact anode polarity depends on the device type, and sometimes even in which mode it operates, as per the above electric current direction-based universal definition.
The very high spatial resolution and high contrast for features on the atomic scale arises from the fact that the electric field is enhanced in the vicinity of the surface atoms because of the higher local curvature.
The observed charge quantization, namely the fact that all known elementary particles carry electric charges which appear to be exact multiples of of the " elementary " charge, has led to the idea that hypercharge interactions and possibly the strong and weak interactions might be embedded in one Grand Unified interaction described by a single, larger simple symmetry group containing the Standard Model.
The apparent need for a propagation medium for such Hertzian waves can be seen by the fact that they consist of perpendicular electric ( E ) and magnetic ( B or H ) waves.
An undisputed fact is that Alexander Graham Bell was the first to be awarded a patent for the electric telephone by the United States Patent and Trademark Office ( USPTO ) in March 1876.
Shot noise in electronic circuits consists of random fluctuations of the electric current in a DC current which originate due to fact that current actually consists of a flow of discrete charges ( electrons ).
Moreover, the fact that the polarization can only depend on the electric field at previous times ( i. e. χ ( Δt ) = 0 for Δt < 0 ), a consequence of causality, imposes Kramers – Kronig constraints on the susceptibility χ ( 0 ).
During the whole of this time he scarcely ever moved from his house, except to the prison and back, and the result of a portion of his labors was discovered to his friends in conversations and experiments relating to electrical phenomena, which revealed to them the fact that, alone and unaided-from the sheer force of his genius-he had discovered as early, if not earlier, than Morse or Wheatstone, the principles of the present system of electric telegraphy.
When the fact that the electric field of light is an alternating electric field is combined with tunnel ionization, the phenomenon of non-sequential ionization emerges.
This fact simplifies calculations significantly, since addition of potential ( scalar ) fields is much easier than addition of the electric ( vector ) fields.
A more basic and general definition starts from the fact that if there is electric field inside a material, it will cause electric current to flow.
As such, he really is a pioneer in his field – both for his new methods and for the fact that he went against the grain of the beliefs of the time ( Shell shock was not considered a " real " illness and " cures " mainly involved electric shock, with doctors such as Lewis Yealland particularly keen on this form of " treatment ").
Holtsville commuters were advised to use Medford and Ronkonkoma stations ; more use Ronkonkoma due to the fact for, except for a few peak-hour trains terminating in Mineola or HIcksville, boarding at Medford would require transfer to an electric train at Ronkonkoma anyway.
Electro-optics is often erroneously used as a synonym, but is in fact a wider branch of physics that deals with all interactions between light and electric fields, whether or not they form part of an electronic device.
Professional level electric tools differ from DIY or ' consumer ' tools by being double insulated and not earthed-in fact they must not be earthed for safety reasons.
A Faraday cage's operation depends on the fact that an external static electrical field will cause the electric charges within the cage's conducting material to redistribute themselves so as to cancel the field's effects in the cage's interior.
The electric charge is, in fact, quantized, which is consistent with ( but does not prove ) the existence of monopoles.
In fact, symmetric Maxwell's equations can be written when all charges ( and hence electric currents ) are zero, and this is how the electromagnetic wave equation is derived.
However, in order to manufacture a sufficient supply of the electric recordings to satisfy anticipated demand and to allow dealers to liquidate their stock of acoustic recordings, Victor and its rival, Columbia, agreed to keep secret from the public, until the end of 1925, the fact that the recordings using this new process offered a vast improvement over the older acoustical recordings.
Researchers at Yale University and the National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST ), applying modern engineering design tools to one of the basic units of life, argue that artificial cells could be built that not only replicate the electrical behavior of electric eel cells but in fact improve on them.
In fact, the electric home vibrator was on the market before many other home appliance ' essentials ': nine years before the electric vacuum cleaner and 10 years before the electric iron.

fact and charges
By considering the propagation of the negative energy modes of the electron field backward in time, Ernst Stueckelberg reached a pictorial understanding of the fact that the particle and antiparticle have equal mass m and spin J but opposite charges q.
Quarks have fractional charges of either − or +, but free-standing quarks have never been observed ( the theoretical reason for this fact is asymptotic freedom ).
The fact that all currently known ( 2009 ) matter particles fit nicely into three copies of the smallest group representations of SU ( 5 ) and immediately carry the correct observed charges, is one of the first and most important reasons why people believe that a Grand Unified Theory might actually be realized in nature.
The taboo against incest in Ancient Rome is demonstrated by the fact that politicians would use charges of incest ( often false charges ) as insults and means of political disenfranchisement.
This piece caused him to be arraigned on charges of collaboration after the war, though he was cleared of any wrongdoing and had in fact used his contacts to attempt to save friends such as Max Jacob.
The distinction lies in the fact that the plus and minus signs on the amine oxide signify formal charges, not electrical charges.
In fact another theoretical representation of an amine oxide uses a dative covalent bond ≡ N → O with no formal charges.
Many of the charges brought may have been expressions of personal dislike, liable to suspicion from the very fact that they were not raised to attack his promotion until several years later ; but it is clear from his own account of the circumstances of his election that it was conducted in a very irregular fashion, and that the forms prescribed by the law of 1059 were not observed.
Political prisoners are also arrested and tried with a veneer of legality where false criminal charges, manufactured evidence, and unfair trials ( kangaroo courts, show trials ) are used to disguise the fact that an individual is a political prisoner.
In 1982, while in Italy, she made headlines after serving an 18-day prison sentence on tax evasion charges — a fact that failed to hamper her popularity or career.
In 1712, they alleged that he had been guilty of corruption as Secretary at War ; these charges, however, stemmed from political hatred rather than fact.
There was also much controversy over the government's decision to reintroduce prescription charges in 1968 ( after having abolished them in 1964 ), although the blow of this measure was arguably by softened by the fact that many people were exempted from charges.
There are no charges, so the public should draw their own conclusion, the report is clearly based on little fact ".
# The jury is not to draw any inferences adverse to the defendant from the fact that he has been charged with a crime and is present in court represented by counsel to face the charges against him.
The presumption of innocence does not mean that the jury or anyone else must pretend or assume that the defendant is in fact innocent of the charges.
However, many people viewed these charges with skepticism ; in fact, one of Mobutu's staunchest critics, Nzongola-Ntalaja, speculated that Mobutu invented the plot as an excuse to purge the military of talented officers who might otherwise pose a threat to his rule.
When it was reported that the Lambert W function provides an exact solution to the quantum-mechanical double-well Dirac delta function model for equal charges — a fundamental problem in physics — Corless and developers of the Maple Computer algebra system made a library search to find that this function was in fact ubiquitous to nature.
According to President Roosevelt, " if we attempt to evade the fact that we placed somewhat more emphasis on the Lublin Poles than on the other two groups from which the new government is to be drawn I feel we will expose ourselves to the charges that we are attempting to go back on the Crimea decision.

fact and electrons
However, this did not explain similarities between different atoms, as expressed by the periodic table, such as the fact that helium ( 2 electrons ), neon ( 10 electrons ), and argon ( 18 electrons ) exhibit similar chemical behavior.
As George Gamow put in his science-popularizing book, One, Two, Three ... Infinity ( 1947 ), " The metallic substances differ from all other materials by the fact that the outer shells of their atoms are bound rather loosely, and often let one of their electrons go free.
Louis de Broglie later ( 1924 ) showed in his doctoral dissertation that electrons are in fact much like photons in the respect that they act both as waves and as particles in a dual manner as Einstein had shown earlier for light.
This ability comes from the fact that bond character between carbon atoms is entirely non-polar, in that the distribution of electrons between the two elements is somewhat even due to the same electronegativity values of the elements (~ 0. 30 ), and does not result in the formation of an electrophile.
The electrical and thermal conductivity of metals originate from the fact that their outer electrons are delocalized.
In the same year Dmitri Ivanenko suggested that neutrons were in fact spin 1 / 2 particles and that the nucleus contained neutrons to explain the mass not due to protons, and that there were no electrons in the nucleus — only protons and neutrons.
But that change is still not quite enough because it fails to take into account the fact that both photons and electrons can be polarized, which is to say that their orientation in space and time have to be taken into account.
This symmetry results from the mathematical fact that the density of electrons f ( r ) at a position r is always a real number.
Surface sensitivity in AES arises from the fact that emitted electrons usually have energies ranging from 50 eV to 3 keV and at these values, electrons have a short mean free path in a solid.
In fact, gamma rays can be used as a probe to observe the effects of interactions between a nucleus and its electrons and those of its neighbors.
When Rosenfeld named them, the only known leptons were electrons and muons, which are in fact of small mass — the mass of an electron () and the mass of a muon ( with a value of ) are fractions of the mass of the " heavy " proton ().
The group was once also known as the tetrels ( from Greek tetra, four ), stemming from the Roman numeral IV in the group names, or ( not coincidentally ) from the fact that these elements have four valence electrons ( see below ).
However, it is an empirical fact that the yield of secondary electrons is limited in any given secondary emission process, regardless of acceleration voltage.
In fact, by about 1930 there was agreement that, due to the wave-like nature of electrons, some proportion r < sub > av </ sub > of the outgoing electrons would be reflected as they reached the emitter surface, so the emission current density would be reduced, and λ < sub > R </ sub > would have the value ( 1-r < sub > av </ sub >).
The study of magnetic materials is complicated by the fact that electrons are deflected in magnetic fields by the Lorentz force.
( Here we ignore the technical issues raised by the fact that electrons actually have spin 1 / 2, not spin zero.
The fact that experimental CFE total energy distributions have this basic shape is a good experimental confirmation that electrons in metals obey Fermi-Dirac statistics.
In fact, in the semiconductor, a depletion region is created by the metal electrons, which " push " away semiconductor electrons ( simplification, see depletion region article ).

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