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failure and market
The mid-term elections in 1862 brought the Republicans severe losses due to sharp disfavor with the administration over its failure to deliver a speedy end to the war, as well as rising inflation, new high taxes, rumors of corruption, the suspension of habeas corpus, the military draft law, and fears that freed slaves would undermine the labor market.
However, poor marketing and failure to repeat the technological advances of the first systems meant that the Amiga quickly lost its market share to competing platforms, such as the fourth generation game consoles, Apple Macintosh and IBM PC compatibles.
In its list of the top 25 game consoles of all time, IGN claimed that the main reason for the 5200's market failure was the technological superiority of its competitor, while other sources maintain that the two consoles are roughly equivalent in power.
As a result, the growth was accompanied by growing pains: project failure was common, and the field of computer science was still in its early years, and the ambitions for project scale and complexity exceeded the market capability to deliver adequate products within a planned budget.
The term " market failure " encompasses several problems which may undermine standard economic assumptions.
Macroeconomic instability, addressed below, is a prime source of market failure, whereby a general loss of business confidence or external shock can grind production and distribution to a halt, undermining ordinary markets that are otherwise sound.
Some specialised fields of economics deal in market failure more than others.
This concerns such issues as the relative importance of market failure and government failure.
Whether the marketplace should be or is free is disputed ; many assert that government intervention is necessary to remedy market failure that is held to be an inevitable result of absolute adherence to free market principles.
This situation can be seen as a market failure, and an issue of appropriability.
Microeconomics analyzes market failure, where markets fail to produce efficient results, and describes the theoretical conditions needed for perfect competition.
Such a case is a type of market failure and results in workers being paid less than their marginal value.
So Mill's initial use of the term concerned natural abilities, in contrast to the common contemporary usage, which refers solely to market failure in a particular type of industry, such as rail, post or electricity.
MIPS Technologies would focus entirely on the embedded market, where it was having some success, and SGI would no longer have to fund development of a CPU that, since the failure of ARC, found use only in their own machines.
Another view that capitalist utopias do not address is the issue of market failure, any more than socialist utopias address the issue of planning failure.
Kraft & Bros to market processed cheese and, following the failure of Parwill, in 1935 he used the success of Kraft Walker Cheese to promote Vegemite.
If competitors ' products are not interoperable ( due to causes such as patents, trade secrets or coordination failures ), the result may well be monopoly or market failure.
It was particularly noted for its failure to break into the digital television market.
" The purpose of the Act is not to protect businesses from the working of the market ; it is to protect the public from the failure of the market.
Central to environmental economics is the concept of market failure.

failure and reforms
In the third FRELIMO party congress in 1983, President Samora Machel conceded the failure of socialism and the need for major political and economic reforms.
In L ' Individualisme Agraire du XVIIIe Siècle ( 1978 ), Bloch characterized the agrarian reforms of 18th-century France as a " failed revolution ," citing the persistence of regional traditions as evidence for their failure.
The problem was further compounded by the failure of Sergei Witte's land reforms of the early 20th century.
Efforts to strengthen the law have met with failure in recent years, but minor reforms seem likely.
In late 2005, the World Bank, which had extended Yemen a four-year US $ 2. 3 billion economic support package in October 2002 together with other bilateral and multilateral lenders, announced that as a consequence of Yemen ’ s failure to implement significant reforms it would reduce financial aid by one-third over the period July 2005 through July 2008.
In 1909 – 10, football faced a crisis resulting from the failure of the previous reforms of 1905 – 06 to solve the problem of serious injuries.
However, the Assembly was a failure with or without the queen, as it did not pass any reforms and instead fell into a pattern of defying the king, demanding other reforms and for the acquiescence of the Parlements.
" Nasser's failure to democratize Egypt was a major rallying point for his opponents, although his supporters argue that he attempted to lay the groundwork for democracy through various liberalization reforms.
Finally, there is a human capital dimension to the failure of post-Soviet reforms in Russia.
Brzezinski published The Grand Failure the same year, predicting the failure of Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms and the collapse of the Soviet Union in a few more decades.
Polish Communists, led by Władysław Gomułka and Bolesław Bierut, were aware of the lack of support for their side, especially after the failure of a referendum for policies known as " 3 times YES " ( 3 razy TAK ; 3xTAK ), where less than a third of Poland's population voted in favor of the proposed changes included massive communist land reforms and nationalizations of industry.
A system called " Agrimoney " was introduced as part of the fledgling EMU project, but was deemed a failure and did not stimulate further reforms.
Joseph was a proponent of enlightened absolutism ; however, his commitment to modernizing reforms subsequently engendered significant opposition, which eventually culminated in an ultimate failure to fully implement his programmes.
Most of the reforms were abrogated shortly before or after Joseph's death in 1790 ; they were doomed to failure from the start because they tried to change too much in too short a time, and tried to radically alter the traditional customs and relationships that the villagers had long depended upon.
The failure of the KAU to attain any significant reforms or redress of grievances from the colonial authorities shifted the political initiative to younger and more militant figures within the African trade union movement, among the squatters on the settler estates in the Rift Valley and in KAU branches in Nairobi and the Kikuyu districts of central province The Agikuyu soldiers who had come back from the second world war as King African Rifles ( KAR ), having gained military skills resulted to war to liberate Agikuyu from British oppression and colonisation.
A culmination of factors led to the halt of the reforms in 1961, these included opposition from large landowners and sever crop failure during a drought between 1958 and 1961, whilst Syria was a member of the doomed United Arab Republic ( UAR ).
Popular vote and opposition also resulted in the failure of the plan to raise taxes from trade tariffs ; here it was not only the nobility but even the merchants and burghers from towns, like Gdańsk ( Danzig ) who were able to muster enough support ( including from foreign powers ) to stop the king's reforms.
The failure of his short reign prevented the efforts to undo the reforms, which continued under Mahmud.
In 1938, Hull engaged in a famous dialog with Mexican Foreign Minister Eduardo Hay concerning the failure of Mexico to compensate Americans who lost farmlands during the Agrarian reforms of the late 1920s.
The failure of his modest liberal reforms turned him to the right, and he returned as a reactionary.
Because Iraq had suffered from years of authoritarian rule, conflict and isolation, failure to pursue the necessary reforms with speed and resources, could result in serious consequences for the development of democracy and economic prosperity in Iraq.
This argument is sometimes used by undemocratic regimes to justify their failure to implement democratic reforms.
Despite the failure of his attempted reforms, neo-Confucianism soon assumed an even greater role in the Joseon Dynasty.

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