In some primitive cartilaginous fishes, such as the spiny dogfish or mud shark ( Squalus acanthias ), there is a terminal nerve numbered zero, since it exits the brain before the traditionally designated first cranial nerve.

The indirect pathway consists of three links, first a projection from striatal medium spiny cells to the external part of the globus pallidus ( GPe ); second a GABAergic projection from GPe to the subthalamic nucleus ( STN ); third a glutamatergic projection from STN to SNr.

There are two dorsal fins, the first one spiny and the second soft.

The spiny first dorsal fin is normally folded back in a groove, as are its pectoral fins.

The first ( spiny ) dorsal fin and the pelvic fins are normally retracted into body grooves.

Spiny lobsters can be easily distinguished from true lobsters by their very long, thick, spiny antennae, by the lack of chelae ( claws ) on the first four pairs of walking legs, although the females of most species have a small claw on the fifth pair, and by a particularly specialized larval phase called phyllosoma.

The first book deals with the parts of plants ; the second book with the reproduction of plants and the times and manner of sowing ; the third, fourth, and fifth books are devoted to trees, their types, their locations, and their practical applications ; the sixth book deals with shrubs and spiny plants ; the seventh book deals with herbs ; the eighth book deals with plants that produce edible seeds ; and the ninth book deals with plants that produce useful juices, gums, resins, etc.

The first sarcopterygians, found in the uppermost Silurian ( ca 418 Ma ), closely resembled the Acanthodians ( the " spiny fish ", a taxon that went extinct at the end of the Paleozoic ).

However, after this first week, filopodia are replaced by spiny dendrites but also small, stubby spines that protrude from spiny dendrites.

Cotton Thistle is a biennial plant, producing a large rosette of spiny leaves the first year.

In its first year the plant grows as a dense rosette, at first with narrow, entire leaves with spiny, dark purple edges ; later, larger leaves are lobed.

The first ( spiny ) dorsal fin is entirely colorless and is normally folded back into a body groove, as are the pelvic fins.

The first ( spiny ) dorsal fin on Atlantic Spanish mackerel and cero has a prominent black patch.

But the first bony fishes were already showing their potential to dominate the waters of the world, and their competition proved too much for the spiny sharks, which died out in Permian times ( approximately 250 MYA ).

The origins of the teleostomes are obscure, but their first known fossils are Acanthodians (" spiny sharks ") from the Late Ordovician Period.

The California Department of Fish and Game estimates that recreational fishers caught more than 200, 000 spiny lobsters in the first half of the 2008 / 2009 season, amounting to around, compared to commercial fishermen, who caught a total of in the same time.

# Open season for California spiny lobster runs from the Saturday before the first Wednesday in October until the first Wednesday after March 15.

Acanthostega ( meaning spiny roof ) is an extinct labyrinthodont genus, among the first vertebrate animals to have recognizable limbs.

However, this fails to explain why the lichid trilobites, especially those of the family Odontopleuridae, first began evolving large spines ( and in some cases, spiny spines ) during the start of the Ordovician period, long before the advent of jawed vertebrates.

The first ( spiny ) dorsal fin is black at the front.

Saugers obtain two dorsal fins, the first is spiny and the posterior dorsal fin is a soft-rayed fin.

alt = Drawing of a shark labeling major anatomical features, including mouth, snout, nostril, eye, spiracle, dorsal fin spine, caudal keel, clasper, labial furrows, gill openings, precaudal pit and fins: first and second dorsal, anal, pectoral, caudal and pelvic

The first dorsal and anal fins are spinous, as is the operculum.

Gigantactis is a deep-sea fish with a dorsal fin whose first filament has become very long and is tipped with a bioluminescent photophore lure.

At first observation, the day after the operation, the back of Head's hand and the dorsal surface of his thumb were seen to be " completely insensitive to stimulation with cotton wool, to pricking with a pin, and to all degrees of heat and cold.

This jack can be distinguished from the pilot fish by the presence of a first dorsal fin.

Masked triggerfish ( Sufflamen fraenatum ) with its first dorsal spine partially raised.

As a protection against predators, triggerfish can erect the first two dorsal spines: The first, ( anterior ) spine is locked in place by erection of the short second spine, and can be unlocked only by depressing the second, “ trigger ” spine, hence the family name “ triggerfish ”.

This, the amniotic fold, first makes its appearance at the cephalic extremity, and subsequently at the caudal end and sides of the embryo, and gradually rising more and more, its different parts meet and fuse over the dorsal aspect of the embryo, and enclose a cavity, the amniotic cavity.

Burbot have two soft dorsal fins: the first being low and short, the second being much longer.

In some highly derived species the first five abdominal segments are fused into a dorsal shield called the scutum, which in most such species is fused with the carapace.

The " easiest " way to distinguish the two species is the fact that A. percula has 10 spines in the first dorsal fin and A. ocellaris has 11, which is a more reliable distinction than color patterns.

They grow to 30 – 90 cm long ( 1 – 3 ft ), and their distinctive first dorsal fins take the form of a modified oval sucker-like organ with slat-like structures that open and close to create suction and take a firm hold against the skin of larger marine animals.

They are frequently found basking at the surface, airing their first dorsal fin.

The GSV originates from where the dorsal vein of the first digit ( the large toe ) merges with the dorsal venous arch of the foot.

A saddle-like marking may be apparent between first and second dorsal fins.

Surgery ( in which the sheath of the first dorsal compartment is opened longitudinally ) is documented to provide relief in most patients.

* DeQuervain's Syndrome ( affecting the first dorsal compartment of the wrist )

The second dorsal fin is smaller than the first.

The suboccipital nerve is the dorsal primary ramus of the first cervical nerve ( C1 ).

It looked as Gavin had first seen it years ago, on those nights when he slept alone by his campfire and waked suddenly to the hoot of an owl or the rustle of a blade of grass in the moon's wind -- a savage land, untenanted and brooding, too strong to be broken by the will of men.

When Fred Powell's brother-in-law, Charlie Keane, moved into the dead man's home, the anonymous letter writer took no chances on Charlie taking up where Fred had left off and wasted no time on a first notice:

And Sweeney Squadron put its first marks on the combat record.

Out of compulsion to say something cheery, Ben Prime blurted, `` Well, we were lucky to be on soft ground when the first floodheads hit.

Old Commodore Forsythe, who had once lost a fifty-dollar bet on whether he could get both motors started and turn on the running lights without accidentally turning on something else first.

In 1961 the first important legislative victory of the Kennedy Administration came when the principle of national responsibility for local economic distress won out over a `` state's-responsibility '' proposal -- provision was made for payment for unemployment relief by nation-wide taxation rather than by a levy only on those states afflicted with manpower surplus.

Officers who participate in the continual practice drills assured me that the President's decision could be made and announced on the gold circuit within minutes after the first flash from Aj.

Not long ago an acquaintance, a slick-headed water rat of a lad up from the maw of the city, stood on the balcony puffing his first cigarette in weeks.

It resembles, too, pictures such as Durer and Bruegel did, in which all that looks at first to be solely pictorial proves on inspection to be also literary, the representation of a proverb, for example, or a deadly sin.

The first half of The Charles Men, ending on the climax of the battle of Poltava in 1709, is more dramatically coherent than the second.

The first series of Sherlock Holmes adventures ends with Holmes and Moriarty grappling together on the edge of a cliff.

The first of two possible variations on this theme is symbolized by Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer.

But first I want to quote him on the relationship that he found between religion and politics in this country and what happened to it.

So we must first analyze our present institutions with respect to the effect of each on man's major needs.

Mother and son recognize each other and, in Mann's version of this legend, make a remarkable confession of guilt to each other, the confession of unconscious motive and unconscious knowledge of their true identities from the time they had first set eyes on each other.

`` we've got Father and Mother and each other '' said Beth on the first page of Louisa Alcott's Little Women ; ;

At this point Mrs. Frances Cupply, one of Wright's handsome daughters by his first wife, came from the house and tried to calm Miriam as she tore down a no visitors sign and smashed the glass pane on another sign with a rock.

Before being daughter, wife, or mother, before being cultured ( a word now bereft both socially and politically of the sheen you children of frontiersmen bestowed on it ), before being sorry for the poor, progressive about public health, and prettily if somewhat imprecisely humanitarian, indeed first and foremost, you were a lady.

The group, upon the issuance of its first press release on December 21, 1957, designated itself a `` Committee of Investigation ''.

Even the first wave of homesickness had passed, although there were moments when Captain Heard pointed out on his compass the direction of Bradford that she felt a little twinge at her heart.

The first act of Adoniram and Samuel on reaching Calcutta was to report at the police station, a necessity when landing in East India Company territory.

Steele first answers briefly the charges which his `` dear old Friend '' has made about his pamphlet on Dunkirk and his Crisis.