Dickens suggests the economic evils of such a society on the first page of his novel in the description of Pip's five little dead brothers `` who gave up trying to get a living exceedingly early in that universal struggle '', who seemed to have `` all been born on their backs with their hands in their trousers-pockets, and had never taken them out in this state of existence ''.

The name was first used in the English language in 1768 by R. Edwin in a colorful description of a large snake found in Ceylon ( now Sri Lanka ), most likely a reticulated python, Python reticulatus.

Swiss naturalist Conrad Gesner used the words lituum alpinum for the first known detailed description of the alphorn in his De raris et admirandis herbis in 1555.

The first string has a short English-language description, namely " ab 32 times ", which consists of 11 characters.

To define the Kolmogorov complexity, we must first specify a description language for strings.

A more in-depth description of arcology's design principles can be found in " The Last Redoubt " from The Night Land by William Hope Hodgson, first published in 1912.

This description prompted the first suggestions of regular interstate club competition and of overcoming the dichotomy and establishing a national league.

The first known description of an anemometer was given by Leon Battista Alberti around 1450.

Although bluetongue disease was already recognized in South Africa in the early 19th century, a comprehensive description of the disease was not published until the first decade of the 20th century.

The first Book of Samuel begins with a description of the prophet Samuel's birth and of how God called to him as a boy.

However, according to George Sussman, the first obvious medical description of plague in China dates to 1644.

In Vita Ansgari (" The life of Ansgar ") monk and later archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen Rimbert gives the first known description of Birka.

The first published description of the blue whale comes from Robert Sibbald's Phalainologia Nova ( 1694 ).

The first attempt at a microscopic description of magnetism was by Wilhelm Lenz and Ernst Ising through the Ising model that described magnetic materials as consisting of a periodic lattice of quantum spins that collectively acquired magnetization.

The first theoretical description of metals was given by Paul Drude in 1900 with the Drude model, which explained electrical and thermal properties by describing a metal as an ideal gas of then-newly discovered electrons.

In 1927, the first mathematically complete quantum description of a simple chemical bond, i. e. that produced by one electron in the hydrogen molecular ion, H < sub > 2 </ sub >< sup >+</ sup >, was derived by the Danish physicist Oyvind Burrau.

On-sight climbing means to attempt a rock climbing route for the first time without inspection or any form of " beta " ( such as route description, watching others climb it, etc.

Realizing that the grammatical structures of Bantu languages are quite different from those of European languages, he was one of the first African linguists of his time to abandon the Euro-centric approach to language description for a more locally grounded one.

* Letter of Andrea Corsali 1516-1989: with additional material (" the first description and illustration of the Southern Cross, with speculations about Australia ...") digitised by the National Library of Australia.

It was the Short Range Committee, chaired by Joseph Wegstein of the US National Bureau of Standards, that during the following months created a description of the first version of COBOL.

A description of how the device could be used as a shift register and as a linear and area imaging devices was described in this first entry.

Although migration of cells was detected from the early days of the development of microscopy ( Leeuwenhoek ), erudite description of chemotaxis was first made by T W. Engelmann ( 1881 ) and W. F.

In 1912, William Mestrezat gave the first accurate description of the chemical composition of the CSF.

In 1954 Eisenhower first articulated the domino theory in his description of the threat presented by the spread of communism.

The Outline of English Phonetics which followed in 1918 is the first truly comprehensive description of British Received Pronunciation, and indeed the first such description of the standard pronunciation of any language.

In fact, modern scholarly opinion in the main has not retreated all the way back to the destructive scepticism of the first half of the nineteenth century.

The modern student, who knows what was to come next, is likely to place first the factors of change which are visible in the eighth century.

Many scholars consider modern anthropology as an outgrowth of the Age of Enlightenment, a period when Europeans attempted to study human behavior systematically, the known varieties of which had been increasing since the fifteenth century as a result of the first European colonization wave.

Kouros ( male youth ) is the modern term given to those representations of standing male youths which first appear in the archaic period in Greece.

The first major groups of amphibians developed in the Devonian period from lobe-finned fish similar to the modern coelacanth and lungfish, which had evolved multi-jointed leg-like fins with digits that enabled them to crawl along the sea bottom.

Van Vogt was always interested in the idea of all-encompassing systems of knowledge ( akin to modern meta-systems ) -- the characters in his very first story used a system called ' Nexialism ' to analyze the alien's behaviour, and he became interested in the General Semantics of Alfred Korzybski.

* 1896 – In Athens, the opening of the first modern Olympic Games is celebrated, 1, 500 years after the original games are banned by Roman Emperor Theodosius I.

The Analytical Engine incorporated an arithmetic logic unit, control flow in the form of conditional branching and loops, and integrated memory, making it the first design for a general-purpose computer that could be described in modern terms as Turing-complete.

The modern history of Abensberg, which is often incorrectly compared with that of the 3rd century Roman castra ( military outpost ) of Abusina, begins with Gebhard, who was the first to mention Abensberg as a town, in the middle of the 12th century.

Since this picture was first developed by Ernst Stueckelberg, and acquired its modern form in Feynman's work, it is called the Feynman-Stueckelberg interpretation of antiparticles to honor both scientists.

At that time, the ENIAC was considered to be the first computer in the modern sense, but in 1973 a U. S. District Court invalidated the ENIAC patent and concluded that the ENIAC inventors had derived the subject matter of the electronic digital computer from Atanasoff ( see Patent dispute ).

The machine was, however, the first to implement three critical ideas that are still part of every modern computer:

( Paradoxically, in the modern version it is the rebellious son who has the first name " David ".

* 1913 – Tōhoku Imperial University of Japan ( modern day Tohoku University ) becomes the first university in Japan to admit female students.

The first ' modern ' publication of Alcaeus ' verses appeared in a Greek and Latin edition of fragments collected from the canonic nine lyrical poets by Michael Neander, published at Basle in 1556.

The press was the first to issue printed books in the small octavo size, similar to that of a modern paperback, and like that intended for portability and ease of reading.

Tradition relates that in 814, the body of Saint James the Greater was discovered in Compostela and that Alfonso was the first pilgrim to that famous medieval ( and modern ) shrine.

Res Gestae ( Rerum gestarum Libri XXXI ) was originally in thirty-one books, but the first thirteen are lost ( modern historian T. D.

A good example of the contempt the first democrats felt for those who did not participate in politics can be found in the modern word ' idiot ', which finds its origins in the ancient Greek word, idiōtēs, meaning a private person, a person who is not actively interested in politics ; such characters were talked about with contempt, and the word eventually acquired its modern meaning.

Lavoisier's Traité élémentaire de chimie ( Elementary Treatise on Chemistry, 1789, translated into English by Scotsman Robert Kerr ) is considered to be the first modern chemistry textbook.

Following the formation of baseball's first professional organization, the National Association of Professional Baseball Players, which became known as the National Association, the Association, or NA, in 1871, Spalding joined the Boston Red Stockings ( precursor club to the modern Atlanta Braves ) and was highly successful ; winning 206 games ( and losing only 53 ) as a pitcher and batting. 323 as a hitter.

The work, in the opinion of enthusiastic dilettanti, stamped the author as the first artist of modern times.

Roger Bacon and Leonardo da Vinci were some of the first modern Europeans to study aeronautics.

The modern age of aviation began with the first untethered human lighter-than-air flight on November 21, 1783, in a hot air balloon designed by the Montgolfier brothers.