Dickens suggests the economic evils of such a society on the first page of his novel in the description of Pip's five little dead brothers `` who gave up trying to get a living exceedingly early in that universal struggle '', who seemed to have `` all been born on their backs with their hands in their trousers-pockets, and had never taken them out in this state of existence ''.

The name was first used in the English language in 1768 by R. Edwin in a colorful description of a large snake found in Ceylon ( now Sri Lanka ), most likely a reticulated python, Python reticulatus.

Swiss naturalist Conrad Gesner used the words lituum alpinum for the first known detailed description of the alphorn in his De raris et admirandis herbis in 1555.

The first string has a short English-language description, namely " ab 32 times ", which consists of 11 characters.

To define the Kolmogorov complexity, we must first specify a description language for strings.

A more in-depth description of arcology's design principles can be found in " The Last Redoubt " from The Night Land by William Hope Hodgson, first published in 1912.

This description prompted the first suggestions of regular interstate club competition and of overcoming the dichotomy and establishing a national league.

The first known description of an anemometer was given by Leon Battista Alberti around 1450.

Although bluetongue disease was already recognized in South Africa in the early 19th century, a comprehensive description of the disease was not published until the first decade of the 20th century.

The first Book of Samuel begins with a description of the prophet Samuel's birth and of how God called to him as a boy.

However, according to George Sussman, the first obvious medical description of plague in China dates to 1644.

In Vita Ansgari (" The life of Ansgar ") monk and later archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen Rimbert gives the first known description of Birka.

The first published description of the blue whale comes from Robert Sibbald's Phalainologia Nova ( 1694 ).

The first attempt at a microscopic description of magnetism was by Wilhelm Lenz and Ernst Ising through the Ising model that described magnetic materials as consisting of a periodic lattice of quantum spins that collectively acquired magnetization.

The first theoretical description of metals was given by Paul Drude in 1900 with the Drude model, which explained electrical and thermal properties by describing a metal as an ideal gas of then-newly discovered electrons.

In 1927, the first mathematically complete quantum description of a simple chemical bond, i. e. that produced by one electron in the hydrogen molecular ion, H < sub > 2 </ sub >< sup >+</ sup >, was derived by the Danish physicist Oyvind Burrau.

On-sight climbing means to attempt a rock climbing route for the first time without inspection or any form of " beta " ( such as route description, watching others climb it, etc.

Realizing that the grammatical structures of Bantu languages are quite different from those of European languages, he was one of the first African linguists of his time to abandon the Euro-centric approach to language description for a more locally grounded one.

* Letter of Andrea Corsali 1516-1989: with additional material (" the first description and illustration of the Southern Cross, with speculations about Australia ...") digitised by the National Library of Australia.

It was the Short Range Committee, chaired by Joseph Wegstein of the US National Bureau of Standards, that during the following months created a description of the first version of COBOL.

A description of how the device could be used as a shift register and as a linear and area imaging devices was described in this first entry.

Although migration of cells was detected from the early days of the development of microscopy ( Leeuwenhoek ), erudite description of chemotaxis was first made by T W. Engelmann ( 1881 ) and W. F.

In 1912, William Mestrezat gave the first accurate description of the chemical composition of the CSF.

In 1954 Eisenhower first articulated the domino theory in his description of the threat presented by the spread of communism.

The Outline of English Phonetics which followed in 1918 is the first truly comprehensive description of British Received Pronunciation, and indeed the first such description of the standard pronunciation of any language.

In the common law, an answer is the first pleading by a defendant, usually filed and served upon the plaintiff within a certain strict time limit after a civil complaint or criminal information or indictment has been served upon the defendant.

* 1963 – American civil rights movement: James Meredith becomes the first black person to graduate from the University of Mississippi.

From there he waged an intermittent civil war against his grandfather, which first secured him recognition of his post as co-emperor, and ultimately led to the deposition of Andronikos II in 1328.

Absalon first appears in Saxo Grammaticus's contemporary chronicle Gesta Danorum at the end of the civil war, at the brokering of the peace agreement between Sweyn III and Valdemar at St. Alban's Priory, Odense.

He displayed great literary skill in his exposition of the laws, and was one of the first to interpret the civil law by the history, languages and literature of antiquity, and to substitute original research for the servile interpretations of the glossators.

By the 1950s, the development of civil jets grew, beginning with the de Havilland Comet, though the first widely-used passenger jet was the Boeing 707, because it was much more economical than other planes at the time.

Nkurunziza was the first president chosen through democratic means since the start of the civil war in 1993 and was sworn in on 26 August, replacing transitional president Domitien Ndayizeye.

When Quebec was divided into the two provinces of Upper and Lower Canada by the Constitutional Act of 1791, the first Act passed by the Legislature of Upper Canada was to adopt the law of England for all purposes, replacing the civil law.

... t is to the property of the citizen, and not to the demands of the creditor of the state, that the first and original faith of civil society is pledged.

Social conservatives ( in the first meaning of the word ) in many countries generally favor the pro-life position in the abortion controversy and oppose human embryonic stem cell research ( particularly if publicly funded ); oppose both eugenics and human enhancement ( transhumanism ) while supporting bioconservatism ; support a traditional definition of marriage as being one man and one woman ; view the nuclear family model as society's foundational unit ; oppose expansion of civil marriage and child adoption rights to couples in same-sex relationships ; promote public morality and traditional family values ; oppose atheism, especially militant atheism, secularism and the separation of church and state ; support the prohibition of drugs, prostitution, and euthanasia ; and support the censorship of pornography and what they consider to be obscenity or indecency.

For example, there were no more than five civil wars underway simultaneously in the first half of the 20th century, while over 20 concurrent civil wars were occurring at the end of the Cold War, before a significant decrease as conflicts strongly associated with the superpower rivalry came to an end.

* French group, under which they also included the countries that codified their law either in 19th or in the first half of the 20th century, using the Napoleonic code civil of year 1804 as a model ; this includes countries and jurisdictions such as Italy, Portugal, Spain, Louisiana, states of South America ( such as Brazil ), Quebec, Santa Lucia, Romania, the Ionian Islands, Egypt, and Lebanon

He sent federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, for the first time since Reconstruction to enforce federal court orders to desegregate public schools, and signed civil rights legislation in 1957 and 1960 to protect the right to vote.

The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil rights office inside the Justice Department and a Civil Rights Commission to hear testimony about abuses of voting rights.

Although both acts were much weaker than subsequent civil rights legislation, they constituted the first significant civil rights acts since 1875.

* 2005 – The Civil Partnership Act comes into effect in the United Kingdom, and the first civil partnership is registered there.

The term started to get its modern negative meaning with Cornelius Sulla's ascension to the dictatorship following Sulla's second civil war, making himself the first Dictator in more than a century ( during which the office was ostensibly abolished ) as well as de facto eliminating the time limit and need of senatorial acclamation, although he avoided a major constitutional crisis by resigning the office after about one year due to poor health, dying shortly after.

Defendants in civil actions usually make their first court appearance voluntarily in response to a summons.

The first ( 1642 – 46 ) and second ( 1648 – 49 ) civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third war ( 1649 – 51 ) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament.

However, their domination of civil administration was lost by the establishment of the first shogunate ( i. e., Kamakura shogunate ) under Minamoto no Yoritomo in 1192.

The threshold of political violence had been crossed in the primarily peaceful Grand Duchy of Finland during the first period of Russification 1899-1905 when Finnish nationalists murdered a Russian governor-general, police officers and a Finnish civil servant.

* 1817-The first civil judge was established.

George Stephenson ( 9 June 1781 – 12 August 1848 ) was an English civil engineer and mechanical engineer who built the first public railway line in the world to use steam locomotives.