During the 19th and early 20th century, many smaller or less developed languages saw their first encyclopedias, using French, German, and English role models.

Such encyclopedias included The Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( first published in 1967 and now in its second edition ), and Elsevier's Handbooks In Economics series.

Wikipedia is one of the first " user generated content " encyclopedias.

* X-COM Trilogy UFOpedia: the original in-game encyclopedias of the first three X-COM games.

Since the creation of the first wikis, encyclopedism has been largely divided between the limited resources of academic, print-based encyclopedias and the less-limited resources of wikis on the World Wide Web.

The Cyclopaedia was one of the first general encyclopedias to be produced in English.

Historians of the university, encyclopedias and dictionaries of the Middle Ages consider that the university ( from Latin universitas ) was an institution unique to Christian Europe, that the first universities were all located in Western Europe with Paris and Bologna often cited as the earliest examples,

He was one of the first Europeans to master the Tibetan language and read two great encyclopedias of Buddhist literature the Kahgyur ( 100 volumes ) and the Bstangyur ( 225 volumes ) these containing translations of Buddhist books brought from India.

Notable examples of historical records are very well documented from early times, and as well Korean books with movable type, often imperial encyclopedias or historical records, were circulated as early as the 7th century during the Three Kingdoms era from printing wood-blocks ; and in the Goryeo era the world's first metal type, and books printed by metal type, most probably of copper, were produced.

The name " Slovak state " was used colloquially, but the official name " first Slovak republic " was used even in encyclopedias written during the communist rule.

His published poetry dates from this period and, along with Edward Dyer he was one of the first courtiers to introduce vernacular verse to the court.

" It is one of his first major works to incorporate American vernacular music within a classical symphonic tradition.

The stable block is a large building built mostly in stone, but with a timber-framed, decoratively panelled first storey designed in an anachronistic, vernacular style.

The macron is used in the orthography of a number of vernacular languages of the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, particularly those which were first transcribed by Anglican missionaries.

Historically, throughout the Christian world and in the context of Christian missionary activity, the New Testament ( or portions thereof ) has been that part of the Christian Bible first translated into the vernacular.

The pontificate of Pius XII was the first in Vatican history, which published papal speeches and addresses in vernacular language on a systematic basis.

These novelties included the first official introduction of the vernacular language into the liturgy for renewal of baptismal promises within the Easter Vigil celebration.

He was the first to use both the binomial Ailurus fulgens and the vernacular name " panda " in reference to the species in his description published in 1825 in Histoire Naturelle des Mammifères.

Song of Songs for the first time gives literary representation to the everyday post-exilic vernacular.

However, he succeeded in publishing the first officially authorised vernacular service, the Exhortation and Litany.

" Beelzebub's pup " was an early vernacular name given to it by the explorers of Tasmania, in reference to a religious deity who is a prince of hell and an assistant of Satan ; the explorers first encountered the animal by hearing its far-reaching vocalisations at night.

In the Viking colony of Iceland, an extraordinary vernacular literature blossomed in the twelfth to 14th centuries, and many traditions connected with the Viking Age were written down for the first time in the Icelandic sagas.

The first language of European Jews may have been Aramaic, the vernacular of the Jews in Roman-era Judea and ancient and early medieval Mesopotamia.

In France, it saw the nadir of the monarchy and the zenith of the great magnates, especially the dukes of Aquitaine and Normandy, who could thus foster such distinctive contributions of their lands as the pious warrior who conquered Britain, Italy, and the East and the impious peacelover, the troubadour, who crafted out of the European vernacular its first great literary themes.

* November 10 – Fra Luca Pacioli's Summa de arithmetica, geometria, proportioni et proportionalità is published in Venice, containing the first printed account of algebra in the vernacular and the first published description of the double-entry accounting system.

The first modern Egyptian novel Zaynab by Muhammad Husayn Haykal was published in 1913 in the Egyptian vernacular.

James was the first great sponsor and patron of vernacular Catalan literature.

As a legislator he introduced the first vernacular law code in Spain, the Siete Partidas.

His plays were among the first to include speeches in American vernacular and involve characters on the fringes of society, where they struggle to maintain their hopes and aspirations, but ultimately slide into disillusionment and despair.

However, in the Cuban vernacular, the term refers to the figure shown below in the first measure.

In 1918, New Youth published contemporary poetry by Hu Shih ( 胡適 ) and Liu Bannong ( 劉半農 ), written in vernacular Chinese, becoming one of the first publications in China to encourage poetry in vernacular Chinese.

A turning point in the course of Russian literature, his translation of Paul Tallemant's work Voyage to the Isle of Love, was the first to use the Russian vernacular as opposed the formal and outdated Church-Slavonic.

and it is surely clear that the first of these is the result of the way in which the individual's command of language interacts with the other two.

These narratives of coarse action and crude language appeared first in local newspapers, as a rule, and later found their way between book covers, though rarely into the planters' libraries beside the morocco-bound volumes of Horace, Mr. Addison, Mr. Pope, and Sir Walter Scott.

But first, we must define two terms so that their meaning will be clearly understood: form -- any unique sequence of alphabetic characters that can appear in a language preceded and followed by a space ; ;

In the first of these sentences if by is the complement of come and Tuesday is an adjunct of time equivalent to on Tuesday, there will be strong stress on by in the spoken language ; ;

Of the two, Porter is justly the better known, for he went far beyond the vital finding of fiction for films to take the first step toward fashioning a language of film, toward making the motion picture the intricate, efficient time machine that it has remained since, even in the most inept hands.

The first three treatises form the core of the logical theory stricto sensu: the grammar of the language of logic and the correct rules of reasoning.

The name was first used in the English language in 1768 by R. Edwin in a colorful description of a large snake found in Ceylon ( now Sri Lanka ), most likely a reticulated python, Python reticulatus.

The first volume, Lautlehre (' Phonology '), contained the first comprehensive attempt to identify regular correspondences between the sound systems of the Altaic language families.

The first Tungusic language to be attested is Jurchen, the language of the ancestors of the Manchus.

The word " alphabet " in English has a source in Greek language in which the first two letters were " A " ( alpha ) and " B " ( beta ), hence " alphabeta ".

In the 1960s linguist William Stokoe created the first writing system for a sign language, the so-called Stokoe notation, which he designed specifically for ASL.

Speakers of the Akkadian language seem to have already been present in Mesopotamia at the dawn of the historical period, and soon achieved preeminence with the first Dynasty of Kish and numerous localities to the north of Sumer, where rulers with Akkadian names had already established themselves by the 3rd millennium BC.

The language of the poem is typically direct and concise and comprises short sentences-the first line is in fact a model of condensed meaning, comprising an exhortation (" Let's drink!

To define the Kolmogorov complexity, we must first specify a description language for strings.

* Ranald MacDonald, first man to teach the English language in Japan and one of the interpreters between the Tokugawa shogunate and Commodore Perry when the latter made his trips to Japan on behalf of the US government in the early 1850s

Although English has no official status in the Constitution, Australian English is Australia's de facto official language and is the first language of the majority of the population.

This very first generation of children created a new dialect that was to become the language of the nation.

The English language was first introduced to the Americas by British colonization, beginning in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia.

For this reason, the C programming language specifies that array indices always begin at 0 ; and many programmers will call that element " zeroth " rather than " first ".

Cover of first English language edition.

For Joseph and his supports of Imperial reform, besides encouraging any first buddings of pan-national pride that would unite his multi-lingual and ethnic subjects under one common language ; they also hoped to save a considerable amount of money in the process.

Most of the population () speaks German ( 477, 093 or 87. 1 %) as their first language, Italian is the second most common ( 17, 847 or 3. 3 %) and Serbo-Croatian is the third ( 10, 645 or 1. 9 %).