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The first languages for which standardisation was promoted included Italian (" questione della lingua ": Modern Tuscan / Florentine vs. Old Tuscan / Florentine vs. Venetian > Modern Florentine + archaic Tuscan + Upper Italian ), French ( the standard is based on Parisian ), English ( the standard is based on the London dialect ) and ( High ) German ( based on the dialects of the chancellery of Meissen in Saxony, Middle German and the chancellery of Prague in Bohemia (" Common German ")).
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The idea that the Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic languages are closely related to each other was allegedly first published in 1730 by Philip Johan von Strahlenberg, a Swedish officer who traveled in the eastern Russian Empire while a prisoner of war after the Great Northern War.
Von Strahlenberg's classification was the first attempt at classification of a large number of languages some of which are Altaic.
It is first attested by an inscription dated to 1224 or 1225 AD and by the Secret History of the Mongols, written in 1228 ( see Mongolic languages ).
He was a cultivated patron of literature and art, and it was in his time that the first printing press authorized to use the Arabic or Turkish languages was set up in Constantinople, operated by Ibrahim Muteferrika ( while the printing press had been introduced to Constantinople in 1480, all works published before 1729 were in Greek, Armenian, or Hebrew ).
He displayed great literary skill in his exposition of the laws, and was one of the first to interpret the civil law by the history, languages and literature of antiquity, and to substitute original research for the servile interpretations of the glossators.
It sold 2. 5 million copies in twenty-five languages in its first eighteen months in print.
Rabbi Steinsaltz's classic work of Kabbalah, The Thirteen Petalled Rose, was first published in 1980 and now appears in eight languages.
At first this interest drew him to the study of Biblical Hebrew, but he studied the indigenous languages of Mesoamerica on his own.
The development of compilers for new programming languages first developed in an existing language but then rewritten in the new language and compiled by itself, is another example of the bootstrapping notion.
All of the languages in the Baltic group ( including the living ones ) were first written down relatively late in their probable existence as distinct languages.
Towards the end of the 1950s machine-independent programming languages were first proposed.
Realizing that the grammatical structures of Bantu languages are quite different from those of European languages, he was one of the first African linguists of his time to abandon the Euro-centric approach to language description for a more locally grounded one.
Carl Friedrich Michael Meinhof ( July 23, 1857 – February 11, 1944 ) was a German linguist and one of the first linguists to study African languages.
Many Indo-European languages, for example, obey " Wackernagel's Law ", which requires clitics to appear in " second position ", after the first syntactic phrase or the first stressed word in a clause:
On the third line a capital Y indicates a work about the author or book represented by the first two lines, and a capital E ( for English — other letters are used for other languages ) indicates a translation into English.
Omniglot goes so far as to assert " Corsican first appeared in writing towards the end of the 19th century ...." Throughout the 19th and 18th century there was a steady stream of writers in Corsican, many of whom wrote also in other languages.
In publications of 1647 and 1654, Marcus van Boxhorn first described a rigid methodology for historical linguistic comparisons and proposed the existence of an Indo-European proto-language ( which he called " Scythian ") unrelated to Hebrew, but ancestral to Germanic, Greek, Romance, Persian, Sanskrit, Slavic, Celtic and Baltic languages.
Many of these use the Faroese and Greenlandic languages, respectively, as their first language.
SQL was one of the first commercial languages for the relational model.
In comparison, in some languages the convention is to capitalize the first letter of the class name or to prefix the name with a " C " or " T " ( for example ).
The history of the Document Object Model is intertwined with the history of the " browser wars " of the late 1990s between Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer, as well as with that of JavaScript and JScript, the first scripting languages to be widely implemented in the layout engines of web browsers.
The limited facilities for detecting user-generated events and modifying the HTML document in the first generation of these languages eventually became known as " DOM Level 0 " or " Legacy DOM.
first and for
No one was behind it, but in the rear wall of the office I noticed, for the first time, a door which had been left partially open.
Two of the new hands, a Mexican named Jose Amado and a kid known only as Laredo, were picked for the first trick of riding night herd.
Once again, Tom Horn was the first and most likely suspect, and he was brought in for questioning immediately.
At the first restaurant he sensibly pulled up to go in for his dinner, and as a consequence did not see Cobb strike the open range at the mouth of the canyon and head straight across the swells for Antler.
School began in August, the hottest part of the year, and for the first few days Miss Langford was very lenient with the children, letting them play a lot and the new ones sort of get acquainted with one another.
It was just as well that the ignorant Dandy enjoyed himself to the hilt that first evening, for the room was to become his prison cell.
In 1961 the first important legislative victory of the Kennedy Administration came when the principle of national responsibility for local economic distress won out over a `` state's-responsibility '' proposal -- provision was made for payment for unemployment relief by nation-wide taxation rather than by a levy only on those states afflicted with manpower surplus.
For ten minutes they ran beneath the squall, raising their arms and, for the first time, shouting and capering.
He returned to Germany for the first time in 1953, where he has since conducted in Cologne, Frankfurt, and Berlin.
When I mentioned that for my first long voyage I did not even have the money for the return fare, but had trusted to luck that I would earn a sufficient amount, the young people looked at me doubtingly.
The active sponsor of Jefferson's measure for religious liberty in Virginia, Madison played the most influential single role in the drafting of the Constitution and in securing its ratification in Virginia, founded the first political party in American history, and, as Jefferson's Secretary of State and his successor in the Presidency, guided the nation through the troubled years of our second war with Britain.
This and other fears of the solar system have disappeared gradually, first, with the Ptolemaic system and its built-in concept of periodicity and then, more firmly, with the Newtonian innovation of an universal force that could account quantitatively for both terrestial and celestial motions.
It resembles, too, pictures such as Durer and Bruegel did, in which all that looks at first to be solely pictorial proves on inspection to be also literary, the representation of a proverb, for example, or a deadly sin.
Being somewhat delicate in health, at the age of sixteen he was sent to Southern Europe, for which he at once developed a passion, so that he spent nearly all of the following ten years abroad, at first in Italy, then in Greece, Egypt, Asia Minor, and Palestine.
And for the first time a representative of the highest office in the land would have been liable to the charge that he had attempted to make it a successorship by inheritance.
If we examine the three types of change from the point of view of their internal structure we find an additional profound difference between the third and the first two, one that accounts for the notable difference between the responses they evoke.
He had taken out first papers for American citizenship ; ;
Before being daughter, wife, or mother, before being cultured ( a word now bereft both socially and politically of the sheen you children of frontiersmen bestowed on it ), before being sorry for the poor, progressive about public health, and prettily if somewhat imprecisely humanitarian, indeed first and foremost, you were a lady.
Lloyd Lewis wrote that when he first knew Carl in 1916, Sandburg was making $27.50 a week writing features for the Day Book and eating sparse luncheons in one-arm restaurants.
An accompanying sympathetic letter explained that inside the envelope was a name for Mrs. Coolidge's first granddaughter.
As a groundwork for the proposal I give some attention to the first task enumerated above, the clarification of goal.
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