AIX was the first operating system to utilize journaling file systems, and IBM has continuously enhanced the software with features like processor, disk and network virtualization, dynamic hardware resource allocation ( including fractional processor units ), and reliability engineering ported from its mainframe designs.

Don Daglow wrote an enhanced version of the program called Ecala on a PDP-10 mainframe computer at Pomona College in 1973 before writing what was possibly the second or third computer role-playing game, Dungeon ( 1975 ) ( The first was probably " dnd ", written on and for the PLATO system in 1974, and the second may have been Moria, written in 1975 ).

Many mainframe customers run two machines: one in their primary data center, and one in their backup data center — fully active, partially active, or on standby — in case there is a catastrophe affecting the first building.

Stephenson studied at Boston University, first specializing in physics, then switching to geography after he found that it would allow him to spend more time on the university mainframe.

The first Pascal compiler was designed in Zürich for the CDC 6000 series mainframe computer family.

The first successful port of the CDC Pascal compiler to another mainframe was completed by Welsh and Quinn at the Queen's University of Belfast ( QUB ) in 1972.

TSOS was the first mainframe, demand paging, virtual memory operating system on the market.

* July 4 – Michael S. Hart posts the first e-book, a copy of the United States Declaration of Independence, on the University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign's mainframe computer, the origin of Project Gutenberg.

It had a full set of hardware and software components: a disk operating system included in a series of programmable read-only memory chips ( PROMs ); 8 Kilobytes of RAM ; IBM's Basic Assembly Language ( BAL ); a hard drive ; a color display ; a printer output ; a 150 bit / s serial interface for connecting to a mainframe ; and even the world's first microcomputer front panel.

Hercules was notably the first mainframe emulator to incorporate 64-bit z / Architecture support, beating out commercial offerings.

The CDC 6600 was a mainframe computer from Control Data Corporation, first ( first in the United States ) delivered in 1964 to the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, part of the University of California at Berkeley.

* Extended addressing, a processor architecture first introduced by IBM in 1981 in the System / 370 model 3081 mainframe computer

In the first generation, computing was done by mainframe computers.

The first version was written in B by Alan Cox, Richard Acott, Jim Finnis, and Leon Thrane based at University of Wales, Aberystwyth for an old Honeywell mainframe and opened in 1987.

At first the system was deployed using RG-62 / U coax cable ( commonly used in IBM mainframe environments to connect 3270 terminals and controllers ), but later added support for twisted-pair and fibre media.

Hex is the UU's first mainframe computer, though instead of RAM, it has ram skulls, and its mouse is an actual mouse.

BS2000 V2. 0 – In June 1975, Siemens shipped the enhanced version of the TSOS operating system for the models of the Siemens 7. 700 mainframe series for the first time under the name BS2000.

The name DB2 was first given to the Database Management System or DBMS in 1983 when IBM released DB2 on its MVS mainframe platform.

IRRAS was the first IBM compatible PC-based risk analysis tool developed at the Idaho National Laboratory, thereby allowing users to work in a graphical interface rather than with mainframe punch cards.

Caddie was one of the first CAD tools that utilised microcomputers and did not require a mainframe computer with workstation access.

CALL dates back to the 1960s, when it was first introduced on university mainframe computers.

Older high-end mainframe computers, such as the Enterprise System / 9000 members of IBM's ESA / 390 computer family, used ECL as did the Cray-1 ; and first generation Amdahl mainframes.

The first ( mainframe and minicomputer ) era was ruled by IBM and their mainframe computers ; these computers would often take up whole rooms and require teams to run them-IBM supplied the hardware and the software.

* 1977 – Tandy Corporation announces the TRS-80, one of the world's first mass-produced personal computers.

It was not until the 1940s that the first general-purpose computers were actually built.

The Amiga was one of the first home computers for which inexpensive sound sampling and video digitization accessories were available.

The first digital computers used machine-language programming to set up and access array structures for data tables, vector and matrix computations, and for many other purposes.

AIX PS / 2, first released in 1989, ran on IBM PS / 2 personal computers with Intel 386 and compatible processors.

FriendlyNet was first introduced on the Quadra 700 and Quadra 900 computers, and used across much of the Mac line for some time.

The very first of the ready made computers were sold with the " kit " versions of the euro cards, the version with redesigned cards came a month or so later.

Shortly after World War II, the first general purpose computers became available.

is an arcade game by Taito, first released in 1986 and later ported to numerous home computers and game consoles.

EDVAC, one of the first stored program computers

However, the possibility of actually constructing a conscious machine was probably first discussed by Ada Lovelace, in a set of notes written in 1842 about the Analytical Engine invented by Charles Babbage, a precursor ( never built ) to modern electronic computers.

The limited memory capacity of early computers led to substantial technical challenges when designing the first compilers.

– Comparison of the first computers, with a chapter about Colossus and its reconstruction by Tony Sale.

Some of these technologies include speech recognition software to allow computers to handle first level of customer support, text mining and natural language processing to allow better customer handling, agent training by automatic mining of best practices from past interactions, support automation and many other technologies to improve agent productivity and customer satisfaction.

American counterculture exponents like William S. Burroughs ( whose literary influence on Gibson and cyberpunk in general is widely acknowledged ) and Timothy Leary were among the first to extoll the potential of computers and computer networks for individual empowerment.

Compaq produced some of the first IBM PC compatible computers, being the first company to legally reverse-engineer IBM Personal Computer.

It was Compaq's first non-portable computer and began the Compaq Deskpro line of computers.

Doom was not the first first-person shooter with a deathmatch mode — Maze War was a multiplayer FPS in 1973, and by 1977 was running over ethernet on Xerox computers.

One of the first digital video products to run on personal computers was PACo: The PICS Animation Compiler from The Company of Science & Art in Providence, RI, which was developed starting in 1990 and first shipped in May 1991.

While low-quality at first, consumer digital video increased rapidly in quality, first with the introduction of playback standards such as MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 ( adopted for use in television transmission and DVD media ), and then the introduction of the DV tape format allowing recording direct to digital data and simplifying the editing process, allowing non-linear editing systems ( NLE ) to be deployed cheaply and widely on desktop computers with no external playback / recording equipment needed.

This new office will focus on the boundary between general-purpose computers and the physical world, such as sensors, displays and the first few layers of specialized signal-processing that couple these modules to standard computer interfaces.