* 1457 BC – Likely date of the Battle of Megiddo between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Kadesh, the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail.

The first reliable reference to Laozi is his " biography " in Shiji ( 63, tr.

Isidro Sepúlveda, William Jackson and George Hills explicitly refute it ( Sepúlveda points out that if such a fact had actually happened, it would have caused a big crisis in the Alliance supporting the Archduke Charles ; George Hills explains that the story was first accounted by the Marquis of San Felipe, who wrote his book " Comentarios de la guerra de España e historia de su rey Phelipe V el animoso " in 1725, more than twenty years after the fact ; the marquis was not an eye-witness and cannot be considered as a reliable source for the facts that took place in Gibraltar in 1704.

With his solar and lunar theories and his trigonometry, he may have been the first to develop a reliable method to predict solar eclipses.

Krupp was the first company to patent a seamless, reliable and strong enough railroad tire for rail freight.

* Eratosthenes ( 276194 BC ), who made the first known reliable estimation of the Earth's size.

However, further studies by Felix Bloch with Arnold Nordsieck, and Victor Weisskopf, in 1937 and 1939, revealed that such computations were reliable only at a first order of perturbation theory, a problem already pointed out by Robert Oppenheimer.

The automatic revolver was popular when it first came out, but was quickly superseded by the creation of reliable, inexpensive semi-automatic pistols.

Another of the most common objections to reliabilism, made first to Goldman's reliable process theory of knowledge and later to other reliabilist theories, is the so-called generality problem.

The game's first known-to-be reliable mention is in 21 August 1886 edition of The Saturday Review.

The next governor, Isaac Pyke ( 1731 – 1738 ), had a tyrannical reputation but successfully extended tree plantations, improved fortifications and transformed the garrison and militia into a reliable force for the first time.

Devices using semiconductors at first were constructed based on empirical knowledge, but semiconductor theory provided a guide to construction of more capable and reliable devices.

This equipment was the first reliable regulator to be mass produced and was acquired as a standard breathing apparatus by the French Imperial Navy since 1865.

The first submersible with reliable information on its construction was built in 1620 by Cornelius Drebbel, a Dutchman in the service of James I of England.

Shen Lin and Brian Kernighan first published their method in 1972, and it was the most reliable heuristic for solving travelling salesman problems for nearly two decades.

* The first reliable census in India is taken.

* November 8 – Bernhard Zondek German-born Israeli gynecologist, developer of first reliable pregnancy test ( b. 1891 )

* July 29 – Bernhard Zondek German-born Israeli gynecologist, developer of first reliable pregnancy test ( d. 1966 )

This battle involves the military strategy of the general Sun Bin ( descendent of Sun Tzu ), and is the first battle in recorded history to give a reliable account of the handheld crossbow with trigger mechanism.

A Chinese alchemical text from 492 noted that saltpeter gave off a purple flame when ignited, providing for the first time a practical and reliable means of distinguishing it from other inorganic salts, making it possible to evaluate and compare purification techniques.

Other reliable scholars are convinced that an even later date, perhaps even the last decade of the first century CE right up to the turn of the century ( i. e. 90-100 ) is applicable.

CYCLADES was the first network to make the hosts responsible for the reliable delivery of data, rather than the network itself, using unreliable datagrams and associated end-to-end protocol mechanisms.

But Mosaic was the first browser written and supported by a team of full-time programmers, which was reliable and easy enough for novices to install, and the inline graphics proved immensely appealing.

Although the Xia is an important element in early Chinese history, reliable information on the history of China before 13th century BC can only come from archaeological evidence since China's first established written system on a durable medium, the oracle bone script, did not exist until then.

In fact, modern scholarly opinion in the main has not retreated all the way back to the destructive scepticism of the first half of the nineteenth century.

Receiving the archives of Henry Chadwick in 1908, Spalding combined these records with his own memories ( and biases ) to write America's National Game ( published 1911 ) which, despite its flaws, was probably the first scholarly account of the history of baseball.

Li ' l Abner was also the subject of the first book-length, scholarly assessment of an American comic strip ever published.

Due to recorded predictions of the destruction of the temple, the Gospel of Mark is believed by many critical scholars to have been composed around or shortly after the fall of Jerusalem due to prophecies assumed to be ex post facto regarding the destruction of the temple, and both traditional and critical scholarly consensus maintains that it was the first written of the four canonical gospels.

The canonicity of these Greek additions has been a subject of scholarly disagreement practically since their first appearance in the Septuagint –- Martin Luther, being perhaps the most vocal Reformation-era critic of the work, considered even the original Hebrew version to be of very doubtful value.

The scholarly Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles ( DCHP ) was first published in 1967 by Gage Ltd.

The first English-born editor-in-chief was Thomas Spencer Baynes, who oversaw the production of the 9th edition ; dubbed the " Scholar's Edition ", the 9th is the most scholarly Britannica.

* Vulgar Latin and Late Latin among the uneducated and educated populations respectively of the Roman empire and the states that followed it in the same range no later than 900 AD ; medieval Latin and Renaissance Latin among the educated populations of western, northern, central and part of eastern Europe until the rise of the national languages in that range, beginning with the first language academy in Italy in 1582 / 83 ; new Latin written only in scholarly and scientific contexts by a small minority of the educated population at scattered locations over all of Europe ; ecclesiastical Latin, in spoken and written contexts of liturgy and church administration only, over the range of the Roman Catholic Church.

The Baconian theory of Shakespearean authorship, first proposed in the mid-19th century, contends that Sir Francis Bacon wrote some or all the plays conventionally attributed to William Shakespeare, in opposition to the scholarly consensus that William Shakespeare of Stratford was the author.

At first reluctant to trade his scholarly life for war and politics, he eventually took every opportunity to involve himself in the affairs of Gaul.

by J. F. Condon, continued to 1861, New Orleans, 1882 ) is the first scholarly treatment of the subject, along with François Barbé-Marbois ' Histoire de la Louisiane et de la cession de colonie par la France aux Etats-Unis ( Paris, 1829 ; in English, Philadelphia, 1830 ).

Although numerous political references to the " Wizard " appeared early in the 20th century, it was in a scholarly article by Henry Littlefield, an upstate New York high school history teacher, published in 1964 that there appeared the first full-fledged interpretation of the novel as an extended political allegory of the politics and characters of the 1890s.

The first scholarly theories of myth appeared during the second half of the 19th century.

* Society for Psychical Research Founded in 1882, the SPR was the first society to conduct organised scholarly research into parapsychology and other human experiences that challenge contemporary scientific models.

A review and evalutation of scholarly work regarding the current state of the value of individuals ' privacy of online social networking show the following results: " first, adults seem to be more concerned about potential privacy threats than younger users ; second, policy makers should be alarmed by a large part of users who underestimate risks of their information privacy on OSNs ; third, in the case of using OSNs and its services, traditional one-dimensional privacy approaches fall short ".

In 1814, Young first exchanged correspondence about the stone with Jean-François Champollion, a teacher at Grenoble who had produced a scholarly work on ancient Egypt.

In 1908, the first scholarly journal of the field, Journal of Sexology ( Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft ), began publication and was published monthly for one year.

Given Cerion's extensive geographic diversity, Gould later lamented that if Christopher Columbus had only cataloged a single Cerion it would have ended the scholarly debate about which island Columbus had first set foot on in America.

Madden's scholarly, Middle English edition of the poem was followed in 1898 by the first Modern English translation-a prose version by literary scholar Jessie L. Weston.

The work of the Bollandists Danile Paperbroch, Jean Bolland and Godfrey Henschen in the 17th century was one of the first pieces of scholarly research to establish the historicity of the saint's existence via their publications in Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca and paved the way for other scholars to dismiss the medieval legends.

While Tyndale would have to learn Hebrew in Germany due to England's active Edict of Expulsion against the Jews, he works promininently into an age where Greek was available to the European scholarly community for the first time in centuries.

" The number of cases sharply increased in the late 1970s and throughout the 80s, and the first scholarly monographs on the topic appeared in 1986.

In scholarly texts, at least the first or main use of the binomial name is usually followed by the " authority " – a way of designating the scientist ( s ) who first published the name.