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Page "Albert II of Germany" ¶ 10
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forced and baptism
Leo allowed Frederick to drive out Jews that refused to be baptized, but he did not endorse the forced baptism of Jews.
A group of crusaders entered Metz and forced the important Jewish community of the city to convert to catholicism, killing 22 people who refused baptism.
Some have argued that they were forced to convert to Catholicism, while others have insisted that forced baptism was not recognized by the Catholic Church.
The multitude of Indians who asked for baptism, said to have greatly increased after the apparition of Our Lady of Guadalupe in 1531, forced the missionaries to adopt a special form for administering this sacrament.
Therefore, Varinn was forced to sacrifice his own son to the gods as indicated in the verse: " I say the folktale / to the young men, which of the line of Ingold was repaid by a wife's sacrifice " ( the word " husl " can be interpreted both " sacrifice " and " baptism ").
So, when the deadline arrived, he announced that no ships were available for those who refused conversion-the vast majority-and had men, women and children dragged to churches for a forced mass baptism.
In 2005, a library clerk was forced to resign for promoting the idea that baptism is essential for salvation, considered a violation of the Statement of Faith.
After their baptism they were forced to use Roman and Greek letters in the transcription of their Slavic words but these were not suitable ... At last, God, in his love for mankind, sent them St. Constantine the Philosopher, called Cyril, a learned and upright man, who composed for them thirty-eight letters, some ( 24 of them ) similar to the Greek, but some ( 14 of them ) different, suitable to express Slavic sounds.
When Haakon was in Denmark, Harald Bluetooth forced him to accept baptism and assigned him clergymen to take to Norway to spread Christianity.
But at Rome and Genoa they experienced all the vexations and torments that hunger, plague, and poverty bring with them, and were forced to accept baptism in order to escape starvation.
Sometimes Jews survived by being subjected to involuntary baptism, such as in Regensburg, where a crusading mob rounded up the Jewish community, forced them into the Danube, and performed a mass baptism.
As Portuguese Jews mingled with other expelled Sephardim, it influenced the Judaeo-Spanish or Ladino language, but was distinct from it, since Portuguese Jewry was never expelled but rather forced to convert to Christianity, through a mass baptism decreed by King Manuel I in 1497.
However, the Saxon chronicles of Widukind of Corvey report the defeat and forced baptism of the Danish king Chnuba in 936 at the hands of German king Henry.
Likewise a Danish king Chnuba is named by Widukind of Corvey's Saxon chronicles as having been defeated and forced to accept baptism in 934, and Olav Tryggvasson's Saga tells of Gnupa's defeat by Gorm the Old.
Legal definitions of the time theoretically acknowledged that a forced baptism was not a valid sacrament, but confined this to cases where it was literally administered by physical force: a person who had consented to baptism under threat of death or serious injury was still regarded as a voluntary convert, and accordingly forbidden to revert to Judaism.
The 12th Council of Toledo again called for forced baptism, and, for those who disobeyed, seizure of property, corporal punishment, exile, and slavery.
Egica ( 687 – 702 ), recognizing the wrongness of forced baptism, relaxed the pressure on the conversos, but kept it up on practicing Jews.
Probably around 874 they were subjugated by the Great Moravian king Svatopluk I, who was a contemporary of the emperor Arnulf, and the Vistulan duke was forced to accept baptism.
It is not recorded if Sighere ever accepted baptism but he was forced to marry Wulfhere's Christian niece, who he later divorced.

forced and Jewish
Because of the political upheaval in Germany in the 1930's, Steinberg was forced to restrict his activities to the Jewish community.
* 1929 – Hebron Massacre during the 1929 Palestine riots: Arab attack on the Jewish community in Hebron in the British Mandate of Palestine, continuing until the next day, resulted in the death of 65-68 Jews and the remaining Jews being forced to leave the city.
The marriage, however, caused a stir within St. Thomas ’ small Jewish community, either because Rachel was outside the faith or because she was previously married to Frederick's uncle, and in subsequent years his four children were forced to attend the all-black primary school.
During the early 1930s throughout Europe, Jewish owners of numerous fine art masterpieces found themselves forced to give up or sell off their collections for minimal prices due to anti-Jewish laws created by the new Nazi regime.
According to Howard Schwartz, " the myth of the fall of Lucifer " existed in fragmentary form in Isaiah 14: 12 and other ancient Jewish literature ; Schwartz claims that the myth originated from " the ancient Canaanite myth of Athtar, who attempted to rule the throne of Ba ' al, but was forced to descend and rule the underworld instead ".
Although killing oneself is forbidden under normal Jewish law as being a denial of God's goodness in the world, under extreme circumstances when there has seemed no choice but to either be killed or forced to betray their religion, Jews have committed suicide or mass suicide ( see Masada, First French persecution of the Jews, and York Castle for examples ).
The community which gave rise to Matthew originated in Palestine, but: " There the community ’ s mission to Israel failed, and eventually, probably in the period preceding the Jewish War of 66-70, they were forced to leave the land of Israel.
The Nazi leadership attempted to remove or subjugate the Jewish population of Nazi Germany and later in the occupied countries through forced deportation and, ultimately, genocide now known as the Holocaust.
In Spain persecution of the highly integrated and successful Jewish community began, including massacres and forced conversions.
He contributed two harsh decisions to the Fourth Council of Toledo: Canon 60 calling for the forced removal of Jewish children from the parents and their education by Christians and Canon 65 forbidding Jews and Christians of Jewish origin from holding public office.
In 1941 Himmler named Heydrich as " responsible for implementing " the forced movement of 60, 000 Jewish people from Germany and Czechoslovakia to the Lodz ( Litzmannstadt ) Ghetto in Poland.
Neither party can be forced into arbitration by a sharia or a Jewish court.
These laws provided legal definitions of who was a Jew and who was a German citizen ( definitively severing Jewish identity from German citizenry ), prohibited sexual intercourse between Jews and state citizens, and provided punishment in forced labor camps for those who fell afoul of the law.
King Wallia occupies the gold mines at Las Médulas, and forced Jewish citizens to convert to Christianity.
Under the 1492 Alhambra Decree, Spain's Jewish population, unlike the Muslims, had already been forced to convert under threat of expulsion or even execution, becoming Marranos ( meaning " pigs " in Spanish ), or Catholics of Jewish descent.
With the help of his German-speaking Jewish accountant Itzhak Stern, Schindler obtained around 1, 000 Jewish forced labourers to work there.
The majority of the camp work was performed on a forced basis by 700 – 800 Jewish prisoners, organised into specialised squads ( Sonderkommandos ).
They compelled the Commons to accept significant amendments to the Municipal Reform Bill in 1835, forced compromises on Jewish emancipation, and successfully resisted several other bills supported by the public.
During the Jewish diaspora, Jews who lived in Christian Europe were often attacked by the local population, and were often forced to convert to Christianity.
The act of conversion brought about, within a previously peaceful coexisting community, the expulsion of the ruling Jewish elite into the bleak hinterlands, the burning of synagogues, and the gradual reinstatement of certain Jewish families after the forced acceptance of Christianity and its supremacy and rule in order to allow survival for those who had not already perished.

forced and children
" As examples, he seized the Bank of Tennessee, shut down secessionist newspapers and levied an assessment against wealthy secessionists, ostensibly to provide funds for wives and children of soldiers " forced " into service by the Confederacy.
Like so many others, Étienne was eventually forced to flee Paris because of his opposition to the fiscal policies of Cardinal Richelieu, leaving his three children in the care of his neighbor Madame Sainctot, a great beauty with an infamous past who kept one of the most glittering and intellectual salons in all France.
With most hotel rooms booked, residents, including young children and the elderly were forced to fend for themselves.
If a man owed and he could not pay, he and his wife, children or servants were forced into " debt slavery ", until the creditor recouped losses via their physical labour.
It disclosed a " distinct pattern " of abuses by the contras, including: " attacks on purely civilian targets resulting in the killing of unarmed men, woman, children and the elderly ; – premeditated acts of brutality including rapes, beatings, mutilations and torture ; – and individual and mass kidnappings of civilians for the purpose of forced recruitment into the Contra forces and the creation of a hostage refugee population in Honduras ; – assaults on economic and social targets such as farms, cooperatives and on vehicles carrying volunteer coffee harvesters ; – intimidation of civilians who participate or cooperate in government or community programs such as distribution of subsidized food products, education and local self-defense militias ; – and kidnapping, intimidation, and even murder of religious leaders who support the government, including priests and clergy-trained lay pastors.
Himmler ordered that those who refused to be classified as ethnic Germans should be deported to concentration camps, have their children taken away, or be assigned to forced labour.
Many children were forced to work in relatively bad conditions for much lower pay than their elders, 10-20 % of an adult male's wage.
Together had seven children, but partly owing to the poor living conditions they were forced to live in whilst in London, only three survived to adulthood.
By the spring of 1864, 8, 000 Navajo men, women and children were forced to march or ride in wagons 300 miles ( 480 km ) from Fort Canby to Fort Sumner, New Mexico.
Other children are forced to do tedious and repetitive jobs such as assembling boxes, or polishing shoes.
In practice, it has been claimed that the Tatmadaw regularly kidnap and conscript children and use civilians as forced labour and human mine-sweepers.
According to Nicolaevsky, Bukharin spoke of " the mass annihilation of completely defenseless men, with women and children " under forced collectivization and liquidation of kulaks as a class that dehumanized the Party members with " the profound psychological change in those communists who took part in the campaign.
Many families dependent on coca farming have been forced to send their children to work as eradication of crops has decreased their household income.
In the book, two of the children are unexpectedly forced to live secretly in a ruined house in the woods, and they become " Picts ".
* Pax Romana statement of Macram Max Gassis, Bishop of El Obeid, to the Fiftieth Session of the UN Commission on Human Rights, Geneva, February 1994 of widespread destruction of hundreds of churches, forced conversions of Christians to Islam, concentration camps, genocide of the Nuba people, systematic rape of women, enslavement of children, torture of priests and clerics, burning alive of pastors and catechists, crucifixion and mutilation of priests.
Canada also systematically forced Native American children to attend Indian residential schools in order to disconnect them from their indigenous language and culture.
" No one should be forced to attempt to change their sexual orientation against their will, including children being forced by their parents.
Historically, slavery was institutionally recognized by many societies ; in more recent times slavery has been outlawed in most societies but continues through the practices of debt bondage, indentured servitude, serfdom, domestic servants kept in captivity, certain adoptions in which children are forced to work as slaves, child soldiers, and forced marriage.
Poverty has forced at least 225, 000 Haitian children to work as restavecs ( unpaid household servants ); the United Nations considers this to be a modern-day form of slavery.
While the majority of trafficking victims are women, and sometimes children, who are forced into prostitution ( in which case the practice is called sex trafficking ), victims also include men, women and children who are forced into manual labour.

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