Common coupling reactions with arenes result in the formation of new carbon-carbon bonds e. g., alkylarenes, vinyl arenes, biraryls, new carbon-nitrogen bonds ( anilines ) or new carbon-oxygen bonds ( aryloxy compounds ).

The short-term use of benzodiazepines adversely affects multiple areas of cognition, the most notable one being that it interferes with the formation and consolidation of memories of new material and may induce complete anterograde amnesia.

A third common theory is Lewis acid-base theory, which is based on the formation of new chemical bonds.

Lewis theory explains that an acid is a substance which is capable of accepting a pair of electrons from another substance during the process of bond formation, while a base is a substance which can provide a pair of electrons to form a new bond.

Most rearrangements are associated with the breaking and formation of new carbon-carbon bonds.

The pair had unexpected success in their first season finishing just outside the play-offs, and 1992 – 93 began promisingly and Charlton looked good bets for promotion in the new Division One ( the new name of the old Second Division following the formation of the Premier League ).

The elimination of central control over production decisions, especially in the consumer goods sector, led to the breakdown in traditional supplier − producer relationships without contributing to the formation of new ones.

The ability to retain and recall episodic memories is highly dependent on the hippocampus, whereas the formation of new declarative memories relies on both the hippocampus and parahippocampus Other studies have found that the parahippocampal cortices were related to superior Recognition Memory.

After the formation of the new Karzai administration, production of natural gas has been restored again.

The Nazi assassins in Vienna, after declaring the formation of a new government under Austrian Nazi Anton Rintelen, previously exiled by Dollfuss as Austrian Ambassador to Rome, surrendered after threats from Austrian military of blowing up the Chancellery using dynamite, and were subsequently tried and executed through hanging.

Estonian language planners such as Ado Grenzstein ( a journalist active in Estonia in the 1870s – 90s ) tried to use formation ex nihilo, Urschöpfung ; i. e. they created new words out of nothing.

Isaacs however claimed that ' Freud's " hallucinatory wish-fulfilment " and his .." introjection " and " projection " are the basis of the fantasy life '; and how far unconscious fantasy was a genuine development of Freud's ideas, how far it represented the formation of a new psychoanalytic paradigm, is perhaps the key question of the Controversial discussions.

After the formation of a new coalition government in 2010, it was announced as part of the coalition agreement that a referendum would be held on 5 May 2011 on switching to the alternative vote system.

: One or more episodes of amnesia in which the inability to recall some or all of one's past and either the loss of one's identity or the formation of a new identity occur with sudden, unexpected, purposeful travel away from home.

Paul Connerton stated that there are seven types of forgetting, which are repressive erasure, prescriptive forgetting, formation of new identity, structural amnesia, annulment, planned obsolescence, and humiliated silence.

As of early 2010, AI said that at least two senior military officers named by the United Nations as potentially having individual criminal responsibility for events constituting crimes against humanity, remain in positions of influence in the Guinean Presidential Cabinet, despite the formation of a new transitional government.

Consequently these galaxies also have a low portion of open clusters and a reduced rate of new star formation.

The supply of star-forming material is finite ; once stars have converted the available supply of hydrogen into heavier elements, new star formation will come to an end.

On the other hand, previous models of planetary system formation suggested that gas giants would be inhibited from forming as close to their stars as have many of the new planets that have been observed.

Another problem facing the Earl of Aberdeen in the formation of his new government in December 1852, was Lord Russell himself.

Nelson Mandela announced the formation of this new group, The Elders, in a speech he delivered on the occasion of his 89th birthday.

There was little or no violence, but the new Catholic Center Party won a fourth of the seats in the Reichstag ( Imperial Parliament ), and its middle position on most issues allowed it to play a decisive role in the formation of majorities.

The abundance of elements in Earth's crust differs from those in the universe ( and also the Sun and heavy planets like Jupiter ) mainly in selective loss of the very lightest elements ( hydrogen and helium ) and also volatile neon, carbon, nitrogen and sulfur, as a result of solar heating in the early formation of the solar system.

Shortening inhibits formation of cross-links and is used, along with diminished water and less kneading, when a tender and flaky product, such as a pie crust, is desired.

Because the Pacific plate is the largest of all the tectonic plates on Earth, crustal material at its western edge has had a long time since formation ( up to 170 million years ) to compact and become very dense ; hence its great height-difference relative to the higher-riding Mariana Plate, at the point where the Pacific Plate crust is subducted.

As the composition of the Earth's crust is dominated by silicon and oxygen, silicate elements are by far the most important class of minerals in terms of rock formation and diversity.

The environments of mineral formation and growth are highly varied, ranging from slow crystallization at the high temperature and pressures of igneous melts deep within the Earth's crust to the low temperature precipitation from a saline brine at the Earth's surface.

Hypotheses for this discrepancy include the destruction of comets due to tidal stresses, impact or heating ; the loss of all volatiles, rendering some comets invisible, or the formation of a non-volatile crust on the surface.

Its extreme rarity in the Earth's crust, comparable to that of platinum, is partly due to its high atomic number, but also due to its formation of a volatile hydride which caused the element to be lost to space as a gas during the hot nebular formation of the planet.

* Pre-Nectarian, from the formation of the Moon's crust up to about 3. 92 Ga

Wingate, " Accretionary growth and crust formation in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and comparison with the Arabian-Nubian shield, Memoirs.

The endogenic processes were mainly tectonic in nature and led to the formation of the canyons, which are actually giant cracks in the ice crust.

Although it was not really connected to it, a peninsular piece of continental crust of the African plate called the Apulian plate lay in between the African and European plates and was involved in subdividing the Tethys and early Alps formation.

The formation of the foreland basins ( Po basin and Bavarian basin ) goes on with the crust subsiding in these areas.

The Geothermal energy of the Earth's crust originates from the original formation of the planet ( 20 %) and from radioactive decay of minerals ( 80 %).

Partly by analogy to what is known about our Moon, Earth is considered to have differentiated from an aggregate of planetesimals into its core, mantle and crust within about 100 million years of the formation of the planet, 4. 6 billion years ago.

Formation of new continental crust is linked to periods of intense orogeny ; these periods coincide with the formation of the supercontinents such as Rodinia, Pangaea and Gondwana.

Additionally, tellurium and selenium have been depleted from the crust due to formation of volatile hydrides.

Arcs produce about 25 % of the total volume of magma produced each year on Earth (~ 30 – 35 km³ ), much less than the volume produced at mid-ocean ridges, and they contribute to the formation of new continental crust.

Debris found in the formation may have originated from deep beneath the original crust, and samples collected there could give insight into the geologic history of the Moon.

This recognition was tied to two events: ( 1 ) the observation of magnetic anomaly stripes on the seafloor, parallel to oceanic ridge systems, interpreted by Frederick Vine and Drummond Matthews to represent the formation of new crust at the oceanic ridge and its subsequent symmetric spreading away from that ridge, and ( 2 ) the observation of a sheeted dike complex within the Troodos ophiolite ( Cyprus ) by Ian Graham Gass and co-workers, which must have formed by repetitive extension of crust and intrusion of magma resulting in a formation consisting of 100 % dikes with no older wall rocks preserved within the complex.

Interestingly, the age of ophiolite formation is often surprisingly close to the age of their emplacement into the continental crust.