It is noteworthy that the majority of the delegates to the Congress were from the less developed, former colonial nations.

Today, as new nations rise from the former colonial empires, nationalism is one of the hurricane forces loose in the world.

( Whether historical nationalism helped the peoples of the remainder of the world, and whether today's nationalism in the former colonial areas has equally beneficial aspects, are other questions.

France, the former colonial power, in particular, continues to provide significant aid and supports Compaoré's developing role as a regional powerbroker.

Chad is officially non-aligned but has close relations with France, the former colonial power.

However, the large population of weak states after 1945 allowed intervention by former colonial powers, regional powers and neighboring states who themselves often had scarce resources.

Specifically, neocolonialism refers to the theory that former or existing economic relationships, such as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the Central American Free Trade Agreement, created by former colonial powers were or are used to maintain control of their former colonies and dependencies after the colonial independence movements of the post – World War II period.

Since then, the country has had two presidents: Francisco Macías Nguema, the former mayor of Mongomo under the Spanish colonial government, and Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo ( Macías's nephew ), who has ruled since 1979 when he staged a military coup d ' état and executed Macías.

Immediately after Eritrea's independence from Ethiopia, relations were cordial despite the former colonial relationship.

By contrast, Pétion broke up the former colonial estates and parceled out the land into small holdings.

The idea of uniting former British and Dutch colonial possessions in Southeast Asia actually have its roots in early 20th century, as the concept of Greater Malay ( Melayu Raya ) was coined in British Malaya espoused by students and graduates of Sultan Idris Training College for Malay Teachers in the late 1920s.

Irredentism is commonplace in Africa due to the political boundaries of former European colonial nation-states passing through tribal boundaries, and recent declarations of independence after civil war.

But there was a certain difference of opinion between Ribbentrop and Hitler: Ribbentrop sincerely wished to recover the former German colonies, whereas for Hitler, colonial demands were just a negotiating tactic: Germany would renounce its demands in exchange for a British alliance.

In March 1937, Ribbentrop attracted much adverse comment in the British press when he gave a speech at the Leipzig Trade Fair in Leipzig, where he declared that German economic prosperity would be satisfied either " through the restoration of the former German colonial possessions, or by means of the German people's own strength ".

The implied threat that if colonial restoration did not occur, then the Germans would take back by force their former colonies attracted a large deal of hostile commentary on the inappropriateness of an Ambassador threatening his host country in such a manner.

Immediately after turning down the Anglo-French offer on colonial restoration, Ribbentrop for reasons of pure malice ordered the Reichskolonialbund to increase the agitation for the former German colonies, a move which exasperated both the Foreign Office and Quai d ' Orsay.

To support its military campaign of counter-insurgency the colonial government embarked on agrarian reforms that stripped white settlers of many of their former protections ; for example, Africans were for the first time allowed to grow coffee, the major cash crop.

The revised constitution of May 11, 1957, omitted reference to the French Union, though close educational, health and technical ties with the former colonial power persisted.

Mali has a longstanding relationship with France, its former colonial ruler, but relations have been described as ambivalent rather than close.

Relations with Portugal, the former colonial power, are complex and of some importance as Portuguese investors play a visible role in Mozambique's economy.

It was nevertheless almost incredible that four years after Yalta there should be a complete split over Germany, with hot heads on both sides planning to use the Germans against their former allies, and with Nazi-minded Germans expecting to recover their power by fighting on one side or the other.

These historians point towards the unstable oligarchies established by Lysander in the former Athenian Empire and the failures of Spartan leaders ( such as Pausanias and Kleombrotos ) for the eventually suppression of Spartan power.

Ebby Thacher, Wilson's former drinking buddy and a Grouper who followed the evangelical bent and sought out other alcoholics, presented himself to Wilson telling him he had " got religion " and was sober, and that Wilson could do the same if he set aside objections to religion and formed, instead, a personal idea of God, " another power " or " higher power ".

Abd al-Rahman and a small selection of his family fled Damascus, where the center of Umayyad power had been ; people moving with him include his brother Yahiya, his four-year old son Sulayman, and some of his sisters, as well as his former Greek slave ( a freedman ), Bedr.

In 2001, former King Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha returned to power, this time as Prime Minister with his National Movement Simeon II.

In July 1996, former Burundian President Buyoya returned to power in a bloodless coup.

* Further promises to Zion ( 4: 6 – 7 ) This is another later passage, promising Zion that she will once more enjoy her former independence and power.

In the former, so weakened was the defeated King John of England that he soon needed to submit to his barons demands and sign the Magna Carta, limiting the power of the crown and establishing the basis for common law.

Whether Henry actually intended to bring about the assassination of Becket is debatable, but there is no question that at the time of the murder, the two men were embroiled in a bitter dispute regarding the power of Royal Courts to exercise jurisdiction over former clergymen.

Among the country ’ s five presidents since independence in 1960, three have been former army chiefs-of-staff, who have taken power through coups d ’ état.

The Serbian-Croatian Cvetković-Maček government that came to power, distanced Yugoslavia's former allies of France and the United Kingdom, and moved closer to Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany in the period of 1935 – 1941.

The motive power for locomotive-hauled commuter trains may be either electric or Diesel-electric, although some countries, such as Germany and some of the former Soviet-bloc countries, also use diesel-hydraulic locomotives.

Similarly, rebels who took power in the city but with the citadel still held by the former rulers could by no means regard their tenure of power as secure.

* Combustion Engineering, a former American manufacturer of power systems ; sometimes given as C-E

Cuauhtémoc took power in 1520 as successor of Cuitláhuac and was a cousin of the former emperor Moctezuma II, and his young wife, who would later be known as Isabel Moctezuma, was one of Moctezuma's daughters.

Himself a former Sandinista who had held several high posts in the government, he had resigned apruptly in 1981 and defected, believing that the newly found power had corrupted the Sandinista's original ideas.

In June, they signed a peace accord in which Kabila would share power with former rebels.

On the Bourbons returning to power, David figured in the list of proscribed former revolutionaries and Bonapartists — for having voted execution for the deposed King Louis XVI ; and for participating in the death of Louis XVII.

A bare majority of Congress, acting in a special session called by former President Lucio Gutiérrez in December, 2004, ousted 27 of the 31 justices and replaced them with new members chosen by Congress, notwithstanding the lack of any provisions permitting impeachment of Supreme Court justices by Congress and the specific provisions giving the Court the power to select new members.

Environment – current issues: air heavily polluted with sulfur dioxide from oil-shale burning power plants in northeast ; contamination of soil and groundwater with petroleum products, chemicals at former Soviet military bases ; Estonia has more than 1, 400 natural and artificial lakes, the smaller of which in agricultural areas are heavily affected by organic waste ; coastal sea water is polluted in many locations.

Emperors have been known to come into conflict with the reigning shogun from time to time ; a notable example is the Hōgen Rebellion of 1156, in which former Emperor Sutoku attempted to seize power from the then current Emperor Go-Shirakawa, both of whom were supported by different clans of samurai.