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fossil and wood
The major economic use of carbon other than food and wood is in the form of hydrocarbons, most notably the fossil fuel methane gas and crude oil ( petroleum ).
Fossil wood is wood that is preserved in the fossil record.
The major change in the metal industries during the era of the Industrial Revolution was the replacement of organic fuels based on wood with fossil fuel based on coal.
RF / V ( radio frequency + vacuum ) kilns use microwave radiation to heat the kiln charge, and typically have the highest operating cost due to the heat of vaporization being provided by electricity rather than local fossil fuel or waste wood sources.
By photosynthesis green plants convert solar energy into chemical energy, which produces food, wood and the biomass from which fossil fuels are derived.
One of the observations in Micrographia was of fossil wood, the microscopic structure of which he compared to ordinary wood.
This led him to conclude that fossilized objects like petrified wood and fossil shells, such as Ammonites, were the remains of living things that had been soaked in petrifying water laden with minerals.
Quillworts are considered by some to be the last remnant of the fossil tree Lepidodendron with which they share some unusual features including the development of both wood and bark, a modified shoot system acting as roots, bipolar growth, and an upright stance.
In addition to fossil wood, the area includes a variety of agate, jasper, crystals and minerals.
He helped develop the staples thesis, which holds that Canada's culture, political history and economy have been decisively influenced by the exploitation and export of a series of " staples " such as fur, fish, wood, wheat, mined metals and fossil fuels.
Others are a single living species with no close living relatives, but which is the survivor of a large and widespread group in the fossil record ; perhaps the best-known example is Ginkgo biloba of the ginkgo genus, though there are others, such as the Syntexis libocedrii ( the cedar wood wasp ).
Investigations of Upper Cretaceous and Early Tertiary sediments of Antarctica yield a rich assemblage of well-preserved fossil dicotyledonous angiosperm wood which provides evidence for the existence, since the Late Cretaceous, of temperate forests similar in composition to those found in present-day southern South America, New Zealand and Australia.
The combination of solar water heating and using the back-up heat from a wood stove chimney to heat water can enable a hot water system to work all year round in cooler climates, without the supplemental heat requirement of a solar water heating system being met with fossil fuels or electricity.
After the peak warmth of Cretaceous thermal maximum, the climate, both regionally and globally, appears to have cooled as seen in the Antarctic fossil wood record.
A rich record of fossil leaves, wood, pollen, and flowers demonstrates that flowering plants thrived in subtropical climates within the volcanic island arcs that occupied the Antarctic Peninsula region during the Cretaceous and very early Paleogene periods.
The environmental impact of using wood as a fuel depends on how it is burnt, but even if a fire gives off lots of smoke and particulates at least it is using a sustainable fuel, compared with fossil fuels.
Entities found in these lake beds include fossil leaf impressions, petrified wood, fossil insects, and bones of vertebrate animals.
As late as 1999, the preservation of this unique site was a concern, as the fossil wood was easily damaged and eroded once exposed.
Near the coast, the alluvial sediments grade into nearshore marine sediments containing fossil marine mollusks and lignitized wood.
The atherosperm fossil record, which goes back to the Upper Cretaceous, includes pollen, wood, and leaf fossils from Europe, Africa, South America, Antarctica, New Zealand, and Tasmania.

fossil and may
According to the fossil record, Lissamphibia, which includes all modern amphibians and is the only surviving lineage, may have branched off from the extinct groups Temnospondyli and Lepospondyli at some period between the Late Carboniferous and the Early Triassic.
The dinosaur fossil record has been interpreted to show both a decline in diversity and no decline in diversity during the last few million years of the Cretaceous, and it may be that the quality of the dinosaur fossil record is simply not good enough to permit researchers to distinguish between the options.
" With total world emissions from fossil fuels growing rapidly, the proportion of fossil-fuel emissions absorbed by the oceans since 2000 may have declined by as much as 10 %, indicating that over time the ocean will become " a less efficient sink of manmade carbon.
Molecular evidence indicates that the lineage of gibbons ( family Hylobatidae ) diverged from Great Apes some 18-12 million years ago, and that of orangutans ( subfamily Ponginae ) diverged from the other Great Apes at about 12 million years ; there are no fossils that clearly document the ancestry of gibbons, which may have originated in a so-far-unknown South East Asian hominoid population, but fossil proto-orangutans may be represented by Sivapithecus from India and Griphopithecus from Turkey, dated to around 10 million years ago.
They work on the premise that, although different sediments may look different depending on the conditions under which they were laid down, they may include the remains of the same species of fossil.
Carbon dioxide may also be a by-product depending on the fuel, but the carbon emissions from an SOFC system are less than those from a fossil fuel combustion plant.
The principle becomes quite complex, however, given the uncertainties of fossilization, the localization of fossil types due to lateral changes in habitat ( facies change in sedimentary strata ), and that not all fossils may be found globally at the same time.
According to fossil evidence, the primitive ancestors of primates may have existed in the late Cretaceous period around 65 million years ago ; the oldest known primate is the Late Paleocene Plesiadapis, circa 55 – 58 million years ago .< ref name = ChatterjeeEtal2009 >
Thus, Gosse argued that the fossil record — even coprolites — might also be evidence of life that had never actually existed but which may have been instantly formed by God at the moment of creation.
However, the punctuational equilibrium model may still be inferred from both the observation of stasis and examples of rapid and episodic speciation events documented in the fossil record.
However, by that time, nuclear power may have largely replaced fossil fuels as a means of energy production.
One popular belief is that global warming may be occurring, and may be due to human-caused emission of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide produced by the burning of fossil fuels.
This last estimate may conflict with the fossil record depending on whether the genus Kayentachelys, whose fossils date to around, is the earliest known member of Cryptodira or lies outside the least inclusive clade containing Cryptodira and Pleurodira.
While the fossil record of hippos is still poorly understood, the two modern genera, Hippopotamus and Choeropsis ( sometimes Hexaprotodon ), may have diverged as far back as.
The oldest fossil " proto-frog " appeared in the early Triassic of Madagascar, but molecular clock dating suggests their origins may extend further back to the Permian, 265 million years ago.
Manufacturing may require huge amounts of fossil fuels.
They work on the premise that, although different sediments may look different depending on the conditions under which they were laid down, they may include the remains of the same species of fossil.
The gap between this event and the time that fossil diatoms first appear may indicate a period when diatoms were unsilicified and their evolution was cryptic.

fossil and be
Taylor won and Lincoln hoped to be appointed Commissioner of the General Land Office, but that lucrative patronage job went to an Illinois rival, Justin Butterfield, considered by the administration to be a highly skilled lawyer, but in Lincoln's view, an " old fossil ".
However, as the preservation of behaviour in the fossil record is exceedingly rare, these ideas cannot readily be tested.
and says that the fossil remains of an ancient giant ape called Gigantopithecus could turn out to be ancestors of today ’ s commonly known Bigfoot.
Traditionally, the extinct family Viverravidae ( viverravids ) had been thought to be the earliest carnivorans, with fossil records first appearing in the Paleocene of North America about 60 mya, but recently described evidence from cranial morphology now places them outside the order Carnivora.
The turnover in this group is clearly marked at the species level .< ref > Statistical analysis of marine losses at this time suggests that the decrease in diversity was caused more by a sharp increase in extinctions than by a decrease in speciation .< ref > The K – T boundary record of dinoflagellates is not as well-understood, mainly because only microbial cysts provide a fossil record, and not all dinoflagellate species have cyst-forming stages, thereby likely causing diversity to be underestimated.
Radiolaria have left a geological record since at least the Ordovician times, and their mineral fossil skeletons can be tracked across the K – T boundary.
If a 2, 000 ( lb / ac )/ year sequestration rate was achieved on all of cropland in the United States, nearly 1. 6 billion tons of carbon dioxide would be sequestered per year, mitigating close to one quarter of the country's total fossil fuel emissions.
Selected waste and by-products with recoverable calorific value can be used as fuels in a cement kiln, replacing a portion of conventional fossil fuels, like coal, if they meet strict specifications.
The Stammbaumtheorie proved to be very productive for comparative linguistics, but didn't solve the major problem of studying the origin of language: the lack of fossil records.
By constructing a calibration curve of the ID of species ' pairs with known divergence times in the fossil record, the data could be used as a molecular clock to estimate the times of divergence of pairs with poorer or unknown fossil records.
Subsequent fossil discoveries, notably Lucy, and reinterpretation of older fossil materials, notably Ramapithecus, showed the younger estimates to be correct and validated the albumin method.
The question of the relation between these early fossil species and the hominin lineage is still to be resolved.
* In February 2006 a fossil, the Gawis cranium, was found which might possibly be a species intermediate between H. erectus and H. sapiens or one of many evolutionary dead ends.
Paleontologist Donald Prothero noted that this is illustrated by the fact that the number of species known through the fossil record is less than 5 % of the number of known living species, suggesting that the number of species known through fossils must be far less than 1 % of all the species that have ever lived.
In contrast, putative fossil cyanobacteria cells from the 3. 4 Ga Warrawoona Group in Western Australia are in dispute since abiotic processes cannot be ruled out.
Microfossil is a descriptive term applied to fossilized plants and animals whose size is just at or below the level at which the fossil can be analyzed by the naked eye.
The fossil record was one of the early sources of data relevant to the study of evolution and continues to be relevant to the history of life on Earth.

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