In conformity with this conclusion a higher trace gallium content was found in the portion ( flange ) that has undergone a second melting.

Its boiling point is, however, moderate, being 2072 ° C ( 3762 ° F ), which is higher than that of thallium, but lower than that of gallium, showing opposition to melting points trend.

The most notable work of de Boisbaudran was, however, discovery of gallium.

The use of oxygen in the growth environment is reported to suppress gallium loss from the melt ; however, too high an oxygen level can lead to platinum ( crucible material used for the melt ) dissolution in the melt.

Very pure gallium metal has a brilliant silvery color and its solid metal fractures conchoidally like glass.

Indium has a low melting point, 156. 60 ° C ( 313. 88 ° F ); it is higher than that of its lighter homologue, gallium, but lower than that of the heavier homologue, thallium.

Progress has been made in creating artificial pyroelectric materials, usually in the form of a thin film, out of gallium nitride ( GaN ), caesium nitrate ( CsNO < sub > 3 </ sub >), polyvinyl fluorides, derivatives of phenylpyrazine, and cobalt phthalocyanine.

Other trivalent metals would also work, but gallium has a small neutron absorption cross section and helps protect the plutonium against corrosion.

A recent development has been liquid gallium lubricated fluid dynamic bearings which can withstand very high temperatures without contaminating the tube vacuum.

Today, blue lasers use a sapphire surface covered with a layer of gallium nitride ( this technology is used by Japanese company Nichia, which has an agreement with Sony ), and blue semiconductor lasers use a gallium nitride mono-crystal surface ( Polish company TopGaN ).

Such alignment has been also been observed in gallium arsenide and thus is not unique to diamond.

Lanthanum gallium silicate ( referred to as LGS in this article ), also known as langasite, has a chemical formula of the form A < sub > 3 </ sub > BC < sub > 3 </ sub > D < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 14 </ sub >, where A, B, C and D indicate particular cation sites.

The environment, health and safety aspects of aluminium gallium arsenide sources ( such as trimethylgallium and arsine ) and industrial hygiene monitoring studies of standard MOVPE sources have been reported recently in a review.

The existence of gallium had been predicted during 1871 by Dmitri Mendeleev, who called it eka-aluminium, and its discovery was a boost for Mendeleev's theory of the periodic table.

Other massive particles such as helium, neon, and gallium ions have been used to produce images at resolutions beyond what can be attained with visible light.

Values in the range 3-6 W / µm have been reported for different anode materials ( gallium and tin ).

The environment, health and safety aspects of indium gallium arsenide sources ( such as trimethylgallium, trimethylindium and arsine ) and industrial hygiene monitoring studies of standard MOVPE sources have been reported recently in a review.

Cobalt reserves of 746 million tons, in addition to chromium, gallium, scandium, nickel, copper, lead, zinc, manganese, platinum and other rare metals, a number of projects have been included for the Association of World Records the world.

-- The results of microanalysis of tektites ( natural glasses of unknown origin ) for gallium and germanium have shown that these glasses are probably produced from terrestrial ( or less likely from lunar ) matter by impact of a celestial body.

The gallium / germanium ratio is higher than that for ordinary igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary matter as a result of selective volatilization of the components of the tektite.

The silicate fractions of stony meteorites show gallium / germanium ratios similar to those of tektites because they too have undergone melting at some point in their histories.

Arsenic is a common n-type dopant in semiconductor electronic devices, and the optoelectronic compound gallium arsenide is the most common semiconductor in use after doped silicon.

Only bromine and mercury are liquids at 0 degrees Celsius ( 32 degrees Fahrenheit ) and normal atmospheric pressure ; caesium and gallium are solids at that temperature, but melt at 28. 4 ° C ( 83. 2 ° F ) and 29. 8 ° C ( 85. 6 ° F ), respectively.

It forms well-defined intermetallic compounds with antimony, gallium, indium and thorium, which are photosensitive.

Aluminium from group 13 forms carbides, but gallium, indium and thallium do not.

: In a diode formed from a direct band-gap semiconductor, such as gallium arsenide, carriers that cross the junction emit photons when they recombine with the majority carrier on the other side.

Microelectronic components are created by chemically fabricating wafers of semiconductors such as silicon ( at higher frequencies, compound semiconductors like gallium arsenide and indium phosphide ) to obtain the desired transport of electronic charge and control of current.

A subclass of this is focused ion beam milling, where gallium ions are used to produce an electron transparent membrane in a specific region of the sample, for example through a device within a microprocessor.

This name was officially adopted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry in 1949, becoming the second element after gallium to be named after France.

Elemental gallium does not occur in nature, but as the gallium ( III ) compounds in trace amounts in bauxite and zinc ores.

A soft silvery metallic poor metal, elemental gallium is a brittle solid at low temperatures.

From its discovery in 1875 until the semiconductor era, gallium was used primarily as an agent to make low-melting alloys.

Today, almost all gallium is used for microelectronics.

Gallium arsenide, the primary use of gallium, is used in microwave circuitry and infrared applications.

Gallium nitride and indium gallium nitride, minority semiconductor uses, produce blue and violet light-emitting diodes ( LEDs ) and diode lasers.

Because gallium ( III ) and ferric salts behave similarly in biological systems, gallium ions often mimic iron ions in medical applications.

Of greater importance, however, is the content of those programs, which have had and are having enormous consequences for the American people.

The content is not the same, however: rather than individual security, it is the security and continuing existence of an `` ideological group '' -- those in the `` free world '' -- that is basic.

He would have to work without questioning the motives which made him work and content himself with the thought that the eventual victory, however it was brought about, would be sweet indeed.

His disciple, Cyprian ( Bishop of Carthage 248-58 ) appeals to the same fundamental principle of election to a vacant see in the aftermath of the Decian Persecution when denying the legitimacy of his rigorist rival in Carthage and that of the anti-pope Novatian in Rome ; however, the emphasis is now on legitimating his episcopal ministry as a whole and specifically his exclusive right to administer discipline to the lapsed rather than on the content of what is taught.

A non-validating parser may, however, elect not to read parsable external entities ( including the external subset ), and does not have to honor the content model restrictions defined in element declarations and in attribute list declarations.

In terms of content, enforcement of the Production Code ensured that no film character could literally get away with murder or be seen sharing a bed with anyone but a spouse ; within those bounds, however, many films now identified as noir feature plot elements and dialogue that were very risqué for the time.

Galileo, however, felt that the descriptive content of the technical disciplines warranted philosophical interest, particularly because mathematical analysis of astronomical observations — notably the radical analysis offered by astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus concerning the relative motions of the Sun, Earth, Moon, and planets — indicated that philosophers ' statements about the nature of the universe could be shown to be in error.

The content is the same regardless of the marketing name, although the length of time it is stored before bottling differs ; however, the beverage is more closely associated with Christmas, somewhat less with Easter and traditionally not at all with the summer.

It is not, however, only a ' book of laws ': much of the content deals with other matters, notably ethical exhortations and addresses to various individuals, groups, and places.

At their core, however, will be instructional content, practice, and assessment.

MIME's use, however, has grown beyond describing the content of email to describe content type in general, including for the web ( see Internet media type ) and as a storage for rich content in some commercial products ( e. g., IBM Lotus Domino and IBM Lotus Quickr ).

Dutch research has however shown that an increase of THC content also increase the occurrence of impaired psychomotor skills, particularly among younger or inexperienced cannabis smokers, who do not adapt their smoking-style to the higher THC content.

According to William Blackstone, however, natural law might be useful in determining the content of the common law and in deciding cases of equity, but was not itself identical with the laws of England.

Unlike stainless steel, however, these artifacts owe their durability not to chromium but to their high phosphorus content, which, together with favorable local weather conditions, promotes the formation of a solid protective passivation layer of iron oxides and phosphates, rather than the non-protective cracked rust layer that develops on most ironwork.

He does not seek fame, however, and is usually content to allow the police to take public credit for his work.

Some servers are content to use the serve simply to initiate the point ; however, advanced players often try to hit a winning shot with their serve.

She seems content to be a perpetual student, however, until she meets Nick, seeing in him a real person under the false persona.

Pro-Israeli content which does not use the "*. il " domain, however, is accessible ( e. g. jpost. com-the website of the Jerusalem Post ).

The codification is based on the content of the laws, however, not the vehicle by which they are adopted ; so, for instance, if an appropriations act contains substantive, permanent legislation ( as is sometimes the case ), the permanent provisions will be incorporated into the Code even though they were adopted as part of a non-permanent enactment.

A 404 error indicates that the requested resource may be available again in the future ; however, the fact does not guarantee the same content.

On July 12, 2011, a message appeared on the website stating that its content had been taken down due to persistent denial of service attacks ; however, the website was restored about two weeks later.