Before ASCII was developed, the encodings in use included 26 alphabetic characters, 10 numerical digits, and from 11 to 25 special graphic symbols.

The code itself was patterned so that most control codes were together, and all graphic codes were together, for ease of identification.

The committee decided it was important to support upper case 64-character alphabets, and chose to pattern ASCII so it could be reduced easily to a usable 64-character set of graphic codes.

) While Rotokas has a small alphabet because it has few phonemes to represent ( just eleven ), Book Pahlavi was small because many letters had been conflated — that is, the graphic distinctions had been lost over time, and diacritics were not developed to compensate for this as they were in Arabic, another script that lost many of its distinct letter shapes.

The Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar a grandson of Aurangzeb, is also known to have sent a letter to the Ottomans bu this time it was received by the Grand Vizier Nevşehirli Damad Ibrahim Pasha providing a graphic description of the informing him of the efforts of the Mughal commander Syed Hassan Ali Khan Barha against the Rajput and Maratha rebellion.

* A very High resolution monochrome video card with blitter and hardware text line and arc drawing capability, was designed for CAD applications, based on the NEC µPD7220 chip designed for graphic terminals, but was also used by some personal computers like the DEC Rainbow, and notably also for the Tulip System I.

The comparatively low price for a complete computer system with dedicated monitor, its high resolution monochrome text and graphic capabilities and the possibility to run CP / M software also rendered the system attractive for business users, which was reflected by a wide selection of application software.

This is corroborated by Benedict of Peterborough's graphic account of Greece, as it was in 1191, where he states that many of the islands were uninhabited from fear of pirates and that Aegina, along with Salamis and Makronesos, were their strongholds.

Many systems became quite sophisticated in graphic presentation, especially considering that the system was confined to ASCII codes.

Probably the ultimate development of graphic presentations was the Dynamic page implementation of the University of Southern California BBS ( USCBBS ) by Susan Biddlecomb, which predated the implementation of the HTML Dynamic web page.

The Amiga Skyline BBS software was the first in 1987 featuring a script markup language communication protocol called Skypix which was capable to give the user a complete graphical interface, featuring rich graphic content, changeable fonts, mouse-controlled actions, animations and sound.

In 2012, a graphic adaptation of the Book of Esther was illustrated by J. T. Waldman and appeared in volume one of The Graphic Canon, edited by Russ Kick and published by Seven Stories Press.

Barney Bubbles ( born Colin Fulcher, 30 July 1942 – 14 November 1983 ) was a radical English graphic artist whose work encompassed graphic design and music video direction.

In May 1965 Fulcher was recruited by The Conran Group as senior graphic designer alongside Stafford Cliff, Virginia Clive-Smith and John Muggeridge.

Following Earnhardt's death, a police investigation and a NASCAR-sanctioned investigation commenced ; nearly every detail was made public, from the finding of a torn seatbelt inside Earnhardt's car to graphic descriptions of the injuries Earnhardt had suffered at the moment of impact.

One example is the First Things First manifesto which was launched within the graphic design community and states " We propose a reversal of priorities in favor of more useful, lasting and democratic forms of communication – a mindshift away from product marketing and toward the exploration and production of a new kind of meaning.

Misskelley and Echols had dropped out of high school ; however, Baldwin earned high grades and demonstrated a talent for drawing and sketching, and was encouraged by one of his teachers to study graphic design in college.

Because of its graphic violence and terror, the original version of the movie was banned in several countries, including Finland, Germany, Iceland and Ireland.

It was republished as graphic novel by the Wildstorm branch of DC Comics.

Scottish inventor Alexander Bain worked on chemical mechanical fax type devices and in 1846 was able to reproduce graphic signs in laboratory experiments.

In June 2009, a graphic novel edition of the book was published.

Entitled Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451: The Authorized Adaptation, the paperback graphic adaptation was illustrated by Tim Hamilton.

Will Eisner popularized the term " graphic novel " when he used it on the cover of the paperback edition of his work A Contract with God, and Other Tenement Stories in 1978.

In addition, his graphic work was popularized by Voronca's other magazine, the Futurist tribune Integral.

The graphic symbol was popularized in 1948 by Taller de Gráfica Popular, a print shop in Mexico that used art to advance revolutionary social causes.

In 1978, Faces of Death popularized a new Mondo style called Death Films, which consisted completely of humans or animals dying in graphic ways.

* Doing with Images Makes Symbols: Communicating with Computers Video lecture by Alan Kay with lots of examples of early graphic user interfaces

Morris ' work, along with the rest of the Private Press movement, directly influenced Art Nouveau and is indirectly responsible for developments in early twentieth century graphic design in general.

Some of these sketches may even be shown to a client for early stage approval, before the designer develops the idea further using a computer and graphic design software tools.

In the early days of computer publishing, many " traditional " graphic designers relied on computer-savvy production artists to produce their ideas from sketches, without needing to learn the computer skills themselves.

Nearly all of the popular and " industry standard " software programs used for graphic design since the early 1990s are products of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

* Electronic Document System – An early 1980s text and graphic editor for interactive hypertexts such as equipment repair manuals and computer-aided instruction.

* In early June 2012, Paramount released a graphic poster, created by Gallery 1988 in Los Angeles, that celebrated their centenary with 100 films represented as badges around their logo.

Glyphs "•", "◦" and their reversed variants "◘", "◙" became available in text mode since early IBM PCs with MDA – CGA – EGA graphic adapters, because built-in screen fonts contained such forms at code points 7 – 10.

As a result, its name was adopted as the most common German-language term for the style: Jugendstil (" Jugend-style "), although, during the early 20th century, the word was applied to only two-dimensional examples of the graphic arts, especially the forms of organic typography and graphic design found in and influenced by German magazines like Jugend, Pan, and Simplicissimus.

The same work was also the basis of KARL's interactive graphic sister language ABL, implemented in the early 1980s as the ABLED graphic VLSI design editor, by the telecommunication research center CSELT at Torino, Italy.

* Neil Gaiman's graphic novels The Sandman are partially set in " The Dreaming ", referred to in early volumes as " Dreamtime ", and also reference " Fiddler's Green "

In addition to the various sub-imprints and formats, Vertigo was also an early adopter of hardcover collections of monthly comics, as well as hardcover OGNs ( original graphic novels ).

Max's art work was first identified as having been a popular part of the counter culture and psychedelic movements in graphic design during the late 1960s and early 1970s.

As a consequence, Russian cinema during the late 1980s and the early 1990s was dominated by crime-packed action movies with explicit ( but not necessarily graphic ) scenes of ruthless violence and social dramas about drug abuse, prostitution and failing relationships.

He also collaborated extensively with the British guitarist and graphic designer Diz Disley, recording 13 record albums with him and his trio ( which included Denny Wright in its early years ), and with now renowned British guitarist Martin Taylor.

In 1976 he adapted a short Robert E. Howard story in an early graphic novel, Bloodstar.

EGA 4-bit ( 16 colors ) graphic modes are also notable for a sophisticated use of bit planes and mask registers together with CPU bitwise operations, which constitutes an early graphics accelerator inherited by VGA and numerous compatible hardware.

O ' Brien critiqued Harryhausen's early models and inspired him to take classes in graphic arts and sculpture to hone his skills.

Charles Joseph Minard's 1861 diagram of French invasion of Russia | Napoleon's March-an early example of an information graphic.

Other key influences were the Art Nouveau and Arts and Crafts movements of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, styles with which he would have been familiar from his work in the graphic arts.

Robert Rauschenberg ( October 22, 1925 – May 12, 2008 ) was an American painter and graphic artist whose early works anticipated the Pop art movement.

Ray was portrayed as smarter, having good intelligence and education (" O " Level French and Woodwork ) as well as being able to fight ( instances of which, by this stage, were far less frequent and far less graphic than seen in the show's early episodes ).