Thus if the gyro and platform-controller combination maintains the platform with zero angular deviation about the **yf axis, the system can be rotated with an angular velocity Af if a torque is supplied to the gyro output axis Aj.

Most of these, though using the same conservation of angular momentum as a gyro, were not utilized as instruments.

In a technically more complicated solution the gyro assembly is not rotated back and forth, but in one direction only at a constant angular rate.

The gyro sensor uses a piezoelectric gyroscope developed by NEC to detect angular movement.

Two sidewheels ( light aircraft tailwheels were used ) were manually lowered on stopping ; if the driver forgot and switched off the gyros and walked away, the car would continue to balance itself using the gyro momentum for a few minutes, and then the wheels would automatically be dropped to stop tipping.

The restrained gyro-stabilized platform with reasonable response characteristics operates with an approximate equation of motion, neglecting transient effects, as follows: Af where U is a torque applied about the output axis of the controlling gyro.

The platform angle **yf is the angle about which the gyro is controlling.

This is normally termed the gyro input axis, 90-degrees away from the gyro output or **yj axis.

In the system shown in Fig. 7-1, the accelerometer output is amplified and the resulting voltage is applied to the gyro output-axis torquer.

As the accelerometer output is decreasing, the torque applied to the gyro output axis decreases and, therefore, the rate decreases.

The voltage Af is amplified by Af and applied to the gyro torquer with scale factor Af.

When the system is on automatic leveling, the gyro drift is canceled by the output of the leveling system ( amplifier Af ).

A useful by-product of this system is that the information necessary to set the gyro drift biases is available from the currents necessary to hold the system in level.

The turning is accomplished by applying voltage to the gyro torquers described above.

The operator must continually supply the correct amount of turning current to the gyro torquers so that the effect of gyro drift is canceled.

This process is especially difficult since gyro drifting is typically random.

The platform is turned as required by supplying currents to the appropriate gyro torquers.

Information is also available from this autocollimator system to set the drift bias for the Z-axis gyro.

If the Z gyro is drifting, a current generated by the autocollimator is delivered to the gyro torquer to cancel the drift.

The platform actually tilts off level so that the accelerometer output, when amplified by Af, will supply the correct current to the gyro torquer to cancel the gyro drift.

The sensing of this rotation by the X gyro can be utilized to direct the platform into proper heading.

Navigation underwater was accomplished using a directional gyro compass or by following instructions radioed from the transport barge.

The MEMS-based gyro was initially made practical and producible by Systron Donner Inertial ( SDI ).

In The Cigar Store Indian, she angers him first by taking his TV Guide without asking and then by spilling her gyro on it.

In 1930 the RAE developed the Robot Air Pilot, an autopilot that used a gyro and flight controls that functioned by compressed air.

Pitch and roll were sensed by two hermetic integrating gyro units.

A rate gyro unit determined yaw error by sensing orbital rate.

Pitch and roll gyro errors were corrected from the horizon sensors, which were later supplemented by Sun and star trackers.

However the sensitivity of the fiber gyro is enhanced by having a long optical fiber coiled for compactness, but in which the Sagnac effect is multiplied according to the number of turns.

It is sometimes referred to by its older names, the directional gyro or DG, and also ( UK usage ) direction indicator or DI.

Because the earth rotates ( ω, 15 ° per hour ), and because of small accumulated errors caused by friction and imperfect balancing of the gyro, the HI will drift over time, and must be reset from the compass periodically.

The turret was altered in shape ; it was lightened by the removal of the power traverse mechanism and the gyro stabilizer for the main armament.

The Instrument Pointing System consisted of a three-axis gimbal system mounted on a gimbal support structure connected to a Spacelab pallet at one end and the aft end of the payload at the other, a payload clamping system for support of the mounted experiment during launch and landing and a control system based on the inertial reference of a three-axis gyro package and operated by a gimbal-mounted microcomputer.

The Lualdi-Tassotti ES 53 was an Italian experimental helicopter designed by Carlo Lualdi around a Hiller-designed rotor system and a gyro stabiliser of his own design.

Gyrocompass alignment is an automatic heading system which depends upon the characteristic of one gyro to establish true heading.

Figure 7-3 shows a platform system with the gyro vectors arranged as described above.

The input axis of the X gyro, when pointing in the east-west direction, is always perpendicular to the spin axis of earth.

When a beam of silver atoms was passed through a specially shaped magnetic field, the beam was split based on the direction of an atom's angular momentum, or spin.

Atomic orbitals are typically categorized by n, l, and m quantum numbers, which correspond to the electron's energy, angular momentum, and an angular momentum vector component, respectively.

The simple names s orbital, p orbital, d orbital and f orbital refer to orbitals with angular momentum quantum number l = 0, 1, 2 and 3 respectively.

However, the idea that electrons might revolve around a compact nucleus with definite angular momentum was convincingly argued at least 19 years earlier by Niels Bohr, and the Japanese physicist Hantaro Nagaoka published an orbit-based hypothesis for electronic behavior as early as 1904.

Shortly after, in 1913, Rutherford's postdoctoral student Niels Bohr proposed a new model of the atom, wherein electrons orbited the nucleus with classical periods, but were only permitted to have discrete values of angular momentum, quantized in units h / 2π.

In our current understanding of physics, the Bohr model is called a semi-classical model because of its quantization of angular momentum, not primarily because of its relationship with electron wavelength, which appeared in hindsight a dozen years after the Bohr model was proposed.

The azimuthal quantum number,, describes the orbital angular momentum of each electron and is a non-negative integer.

This gyroscope remains upright while spinning due to its angular momentum.

In physics, angular momentum, moment of momentum, or rotational momentum is a vector quantity that represents the product of a body's rotational inertia and rotational velocity about a particular axis.

The angular momentum of a system of particles ( e. g. a rigid body ) is the sum of angular momenta of the individual particles.

For a rigid body rotating around an axis of symmetry ( e. g. the blades of a ceiling fan ), the angular momentum can be expressed as the product of the body's moment of inertia, I, ( i. e. a measure of an object's resistance to changes in its rotation rate ) and its angular velocity ω:

In this way, angular momentum is sometimes described as the rotational analog of linear momentum.

For the case of an object that is small compared with the radial distance to its axis of rotation, such as a tin can swinging from a long string or a planet orbiting in a circle around the Sun, the angular momentum can be expressed as its linear momentum,, crossed by its position from the origin, r. Thus, the angular momentum L of a particle with respect to some point of origin is