Upon second thought we were forced to realize that we have very few reliable historical benchmarks against which we might compare the present situation, and that conclusions that present-day students are `` more '' or `` less '' religious could not be defended on the basis of our data.

These scripts formed the basis of the historical scripts of Central Asia, such as the Sogdian and Mongolian alphabets.

Such a deep controversy within the Church during this period of its development could not have materialized without significant historical influences providing a basis for the Arian doctrines.

The modern figure was derived from the Dutch figure of Sinterklaas, which, in turn, may have part of its basis in hagiographical tales concerning the historical figure of gift giver Saint Nicholas.

To a lesser extent, historical theories continue to provide a basis for additional research.

He was crowned ( in 270 ) at the age of 70 and reigned for 40 years until his death in 310, although none of the TC dates around his reign have any historical basis.

Having noted the current use of many, often contradictory, definitions of feudalism, she argued that the word is only a construct with no basis in medieval reality, an invention of modern historians read back " tyrannically " into the historical record.

Lord Aberdeen died at Argyll House, St. James's, London, on 14 December 1860, and was buried in the family vault at Stanmore. In 1994 novelist, columnist and politician Ferdinand Mount used George Gordon's life as the basis for a historical novel – Umbrella.

Many writers note that historical materialism represented a revolution in human thought, and a break from previous ways of understanding the underlying basis of change within various human societies.

Retrospectively, historical processes could be understood to have happened by necessity in certain ways and not others, and to some extent at least, the most likely variants of the future could be specified on the basis of careful study of the known facts.

The excavations of Heinrich Schliemann at Hisarlik in the late 19th century provided initial evidence to scholars that there was an historical basis for the Trojan War.

In older scholarship, the scholar J. R. R. Tolkien and others have argued for a historical basis for Hengist.

" It has no basis in historical fact and Shakespeare's use of Latin here is not from any assertion that Caesar would have been using the language, rather than the Greek reported by Suetonius, but because the phrase was already popular when the play was written.

Haddad identifies the primary historical basis for this belief in a pair of similarly worded hadith, in which Mohammed is reported to have told warriors returning home that they had returned from the lesser jihad of struggle against non-Muslims to a greater jihad of struggle against lust.

Although several historical figures have been proposed as the basis for Arthur, no convincing evidence for these identifications has emerged.

This education is possibly the basis for Yoshikawa Eiji's fictional education of Musashi by the historical Zen monk Takuan.

In his view, every historical relation between rulers and ruled contained such elements and they can be analysed on the basis of this tripartite distinction.

Texts from the Hellenistic period and later offered an eponymous Ninus as the founder of Nineveh, although there is no historical basis for this.

All this is probably legendary, the reference to the restoration of ecclesiastical activity by Marcellus alone having an historical basis.

It has been suggested by Hittite sources, specifically the Manapa-Tarhunta letter, that there is historical basis for the archetype of King Priam.

Especially within Christianity, objection to the word " myth " rests on a historical basis.

For Marxists, the development of capitalism in western Europe provided a material basis for the possibility of bringing about socialism because, according to the Communist Manifesto, " What the bourgeoisie produces above all is its own grave diggers ", namely the working class, which must become conscious of the historical objectives set it by society.

In contemporary times, there are also ongoing consultations between the Government of Norway and the Sami Parliament regarding the right of the coastal Sami to fish in the seas on the basis of historical use and international law.

Spain maintains sovereignty over Ceuta, Melilla, Penon de Velez de la Gomera, Alhucemas and the Chafarinas Islands ( captured following the Christian reconquest of Spain ) based upon historical grounds, security reasons and on the basis of the UN principle of territorial integrity.

Often, too, the social institutions are housed in these pavilions and palaces and bridges, for these great structures are not simply `` historical monuments '' ; ;

Historical records indicate that Copernicus was unaware of the fundamental aspects of his so-called ' revolution ', unaware perhaps of its historical importance, he rested content with having produced a simpler scheme for prediction.

Space was provided for short-time guest medical exhibits, and the Museum collected new accessions of microscopes, medical, surgical, and diagnostic instruments, uniform, and similar items of historical medico-military significance.

Also, it should be noted that the polytonal freedom of his melodies and harmonic modulations, the brilliant orchestrations, the adroitness for evading the heaviness of figured bass, the skill in florid counterpoint were not lost in his mature output, even in the spectacular historical dramas of the stage and cinema, where a large, dramatic canvas of sound was required.

Because of the authentic homogeneity of his early Nationalistic materials, and his flair for orchestrations -- his brilliant Petruchka, his savage Sacre Du Printemps, his incisive Les Noces -- the world kept hoping that he could recapture the historical direction for which his native talents were predisposed.

The brief notes introducing each work offer salient historical or technical points, and many listeners are probably grateful for being intelligently taken by the hand through an often difficult maze.

Academic historical research supports that the alchemists were searching for a material substance using physical methods.

The historical order was abandoned in Runic and Arabic, although Arabic retains the traditional " abjadi order " for numbering.

* A language may spell some words with unpronounced letters that exist for historical or other reasons.

Indeed, the problem of determining the area of plane figures was a major motivation for the historical development of calculus.

In some expressions it retains this pan-American sense, but its usage has evolved over time and, for various historical reasons, the word came to denote people or things specifically from the United States of America.

Any historical material on anagrams must always be interpreted in terms of the assumptions and spellings that were current for the language in question.

Abbotsford gave its name to the " Abbotsford Club ", a successor of the Bannatyne and Maitland clubs, founded by William Barclay Turnbull in 1834 in Scott's honour, for printing and publishing historical works connected with his writings.

Other historical accounts paint Agesilaus as a prototype for the ideal leader.

The subject was apt for a papal state seeking clout, since it depicts the historical legend when the greatest of the popes Leo, with supernatural aid, deterred the Huns from looting Rome.

These were differently sized in different countries, for instance, the historical French acre was 4, 221 square metres, whereas in Germany as many variants of " acre " existed as there were German states.

Proper nouns that are plural in form take a plural verb in both AmE and BrE ; for example, The Beatles are a well-known band ; The Saints are the champions, with one major exception: largely for historical reasons, in American English, the United States is is almost universal.

The artist for whom he showed particular sympathy and regard in London was Benjamin Haydon, who might at the time be counted the sole representative of historical painting there, and whom he especially honored for his championship of the then recently transported to England and ignorantly depreciated by polite connoisseurs Parthenon's marbles.

The legend is also found cited in compendiums of historical sources from later periods, for example Gottfried Leibniz's Scriptures rerum Brunsvicensium ( 1710 ) and the Anthologia veterum latinorum epigrammatum et poematum ( 1835 ).

A Goði or Gothi ( plural goðar ) is the historical Old Norse term for a priest and chieftain in Norse paganism.

Most Protestants deny the need for this type of continuity and the historical claims involved have been severely questioned ; Eric Jay comments that the account given of the emergence of the episcopate in chapter III of Lumen Gentium " is very sketchy, and many ambiguities in the early history of the Christian ministry are passed over " Their reasons are given in detail below.