By varying the number of particles added for heterogeneous nucleation and the rate of cooling in a hot-dip process, the spangle can be adjusted from an apparently uniform surface ( crystallites too small to see with the naked eye ) to grains several centimetres wide.

The process of hot-dip galvanizing results in a metallurgical bond between zinc and steel with a series of distinct iron-zinc alloys.

Individual metal articles, such as steel girders or wrought iron gates, can be hot-dip galvanized by a process called batch galvanizing.

Although galvanization can be done with electrochemical and electrodeposition processes, the most common method in current use is hot-dip galvanization, in which steel parts are submerged in a bath of molten zinc.

The term galvanizing, while technically referring specifically to the application of zinc coating by the use of a galvanic cell ( also known as electroplating ), is also generally understood to include hot-dip zinc coating.

The practical difference is that hot-dip galvanization produces a thick, durable and matte gray coating-electroplated coatings tend to be thin and brightly reflective.

Thermal diffusion galvanizing, a form of Sherardizing, provides a zinc coating on iron or copper based materials partially similar to hot dip galvanizing, but the final surface that results is different from that yielded with hot-dip galvanizing in that all of the zinc is alloyed.

Corrosion-resistant zinc plating of steel ( hot-dip galvanizing ) is the major application for zinc.

Corrugated galvanised iron ( colloquially corrugated iron or pailing ( in Caribbean English ), commonly abbreviated CGI ) is a building material composed of sheets of hot-dip galvanised mild steel, cold-rolled to produce a linear corrugated pattern in them.

If you need equipment for a hot-dip galvanizing line, you see only the equipment used in that line.

Other modern techniques have largely replaced hot-dip for these sorts of roles.

Galvanic paint, a precursor to hot-dip galvanization, was patented by Stanislas Sorel, of Paris, France in December, 1837.

Steel strip can be hot-dip galvanized in a continuous line.

Image: galvanizing01. jpg | A hot-dip galvanizing ' kettle ' with fume hood

It was fabricated by AMD in a slightly modified version of their CS44E process, a 0. 25 µm complementary metal – oxide – semiconductor ( CMOS ) process with six levels of aluminium interconnect.

And again, this gradual process continued as individuals having a slightly shrunken aperture of the eye had an advantage over those without the mutation as an aperture increases how collimated the light is at any one specific group of photoreceptors.

In nuclear fission events the nuclei may break into any combination of lighter nuclei, but the most common event is not fission to equal mass nuclei of about mass 120 ; the most common event ( depending on isotope and process ) is a slightly unequal fission in which one daughter nucleus has a mass of about 90 to 100 u and the other the remaining 130 to 140 u.

Even though some nuclides that decay by the process of electron capture, such as beryllium-7, strontium-85, and zirconium-89, are not fully suitable for radiometric dating because their decay rate may be slightly affected by local electron density, in general, the half-life of a nuclide depends solely on its nuclear properties and is essentially a constant.

A typical wafer is made out of extremely pure silicon that is grown into mono-crystalline cylindrical ingots ( boules ) up to 300 mm ( slightly less than 12 inches ) in diameter using the Czochralski process.

When Congress passed the Enabling Act of 1802, which authorized Ohio to begin the process of becoming a U. S. state, the language defining Ohio's northern boundary differed slightly from that used in the Northwest Ordinance: the border was to be " an east and west line drawn through the southern extreme of Lake Michigan, running east ... until it shall intersect Lake Erie or the territorial line Canada ; thence with the same, through Lake Erie to the Pennsylvania line aforesaid.

* Repeat this process further down the rope to create 3 total loops that overlap slightly ( similar to a venn diagram with three circles ).

This provides potentially more accurate color, but requires a slightly more complicated interpolation process.

The process of ionization works slightly differently depending on whether an ion with a positive or a negative electric charge is being produced.

These procedures were slightly modified for the 2006 ( 79th ) Academy Awards, with the Academy deciding to institute a two-stage process in determining the nominees: for the first time in the history of the award, a nine-film shortlist was published one week before the official nominations announcement.

In this process, different alleles at a locus may or may not be transcribed, and if transcribed may be translated to slightly different forms of the same protein ( called isoforms ).

The breeding process of this type takes place twice annually, a feat made possible through the slightly warmer climates and the resulting two lifecycles.

The use of paper as a negative meant that the texture and fibers of the paper were visible in prints made from it, leading to an image that was slightly grainy or fuzzy compared to daguerreotypes, which were usually sharp and clear Nevertheless, calotypes — and the salted paper prints that were made from them — remained popular in the United Kingdom and on the European continent outside of France until the collodion process enabled photographers to make glass negatives later in the nineteenth century.

The band that recorded the actual music was slightly different to the band that appeared on camera, as Idle did not take part in the recording process.

Additionally, if they do not support Windows Vista, they may slightly move or realign partitions and thus make Vista unbootable ( see Windows Vista startup process ).

During accretion, the settled corals display an increased growth rate, size and density, but after the process is complete, growth rate and density return to levels comparable to natural growth, and are about the same size or slightly smaller.

The process is slightly different where the owner or occupier is a public body, but the effect is broadly similar.

This process is referred to as ' Self-Regulating ', i. e. the hotter the coolant becomes, the less reactive the plant becomes, shutting itself down slightly to compensate and vice versa.

Its taste is comparable to vodka, though often slightly sweeter due to sugars added in the manufacturing process.

Tencel, generic name lyocell, is made by a slightly different solvent recovery process, and is considered a different fiber by the US FTC.

So when the next electromagnet is turned on and the first is turned off, the gear rotates slightly to align with the next one, and from there the process is repeated.

A slightly more precise, but still much simplified, view of the process is that vacuum fluctuations cause a particle-antiparticle pair to appear close to the event horizon of a black hole.

The clay may be baked slightly during the prototyping process to harden it.

This process doubles the apparent number of video fields per second and further reduces flicker and other defects in transmission.

To say that a system has a certain bandwidth means that the system can process signals of that bandwidth, or that the system reduces the bandwidth of a white noise input to that bandwidth.

As a substitute for a flush water process, it reduces the energy consumption and, hence, greenhouse gas emissions associated with the transportation and processing of water and waste water.

The process of abstract axiomatization as exemplified by Hilbert's axioms reduces geometry to theorem proving or predicate logic.

Measurement reduces an observation to a number which can be recorded, and two observations which result in the same number are equal within the resolution of the process.

As with the Initiation process group, a failure to adequately plan greatly reduces the project's chances of successfully accomplishing its goals.

" The cinematographer completed the overall effect by putting the negative through bleach bypass, a process that reduces brightness and color saturation.

* Dynamic range compression, a compression process that reduces the dynamic range of an audio signal

Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude, so the rising air expands in a process that expends energy and causes the air to cool, which reduces its capacity to hold water vapor.

The fermentation process also reduces the level of antinutrients, making the cassava a more nutritious food.

Where continuous tone imagery contains an infinite range of colors or greys, the halftone process reduces visual reproductions to a binary image that is printed with only one color of ink.

These divide by a special process ( meiosis ) that reduces the number of chromosomes by a half.

" When followed, this process dramatically reduces the amount of collateral damage in U. S. military operations, and also ensures high levels of political accountability.

Sintering is effective when the process reduces the porosity and enhances properties such as strength, electrical conductivity, translucency and thermal conductivity ; yet, in other cases, it may be useful to increase its strength but keep its gas absorbency constant as in filters or catalysts.

The motif cannot be both the bearer of expression and a musical ' gesture ', because that reduces emotional content to a mechanical process.

Each dissociation absorbs a great deal of energy in a reversible process and this greatly reduces the thermodynamic temperature of hypersonic gas decelerated near the aerospace object.

Intermediate Frames are used to repeat the slubbing process to produce a finer yarn, and then the roving frames reduces it to a finer thread, gives more twist, makes more regular and even in thickness, and winds on to a smaller tube.

Sustainable flooring is produced from sustainable materials ( and by a sustainable process ) that reduces demands on ecosystems during its life-cycle.

This method is useful for disposal of residue of both solid waste management and solid residue from waste water management. This process reduces the volumes of solid waste to 20 to 30 percent of the original volume.

Rennet is a natural complex of enzymes that speeds curdling and keeps the curd that forms from breaking up ; adding it shortens the cheesemaking process, resulting in a lower acid and larger curd cheese, and reduces the amount of curd poured off with leftover liquid ( the whey ).

Although processing of any sulfide material ( in this case zinc ) usually emits large amounts of sulfur dioxide, the HBM & S plant uses a zinc pressure leaching process which greatly reduces emissions.

The fermentation process also reduces the phytic acid in soy, which in turn allows the body to absorb the minerals that soy provides.

Deposition of particles is an aggradational process — one that builds a landform — as opposed to a degradational process that erodes or reduces the size of a landform.