The idea of dharma as duty or propriety derives from an idea found in India's ancient legal and religious texts that there is a divinely instituted natural order of things ( rta ) and justice, social harmony and human happiness require that human beings discern and live in a manner appropriate to the requirements of that order.

The transition of the rta to the modern idea of dharma occurs in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad.

This idea is clear in such expressions as rlung rta dar ba, the ' increase of the windhorse ,' when things go well with someone ; rlung rta rgud pa, the ' decline of windhorse ,' when the opposite happens.

Karmey suggests that klung rta in turn derives from the Chinese idea of the lung ma, " dragon horse ," because in Chinese mythology dragons often arise out of rivers ( although druk is the Tibetan for dragon, in some cases they would render the Chinese lung phonetically ).

Ricardo, in Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, more rigorously laid down the idea of the assumptions that were used to build his ideas of supply and demand.

The very citadel of spoils politics, the hitherto impregnable fortress that had existed unshaken since it was erected on the foundation laid by Andrew Jackson, was tottering to its fall under the assaults of this audacious and irrepressible young man .... Whatever may have been the feelings of the ( fellow Republican party ) President ( Harrison ) — and there is little doubt that he had no idea when he appointed Roosevelt that he would prove to be so veritable a bull in a china shop — he refused to remove him and stood by him firmly till the end of his term.

In Hydrodynamica ( 1738 ) he laid the basis for the kinetic theory of gases, and applied the idea to explain Boyle's law.

By the 1830s, the foundations of Czech literature were laid and authors now began to focus more on the artistic merits of their work and less on developing the idea of Czech literature and culture as a whole.

In 1954, Foucault authored an introduction to one of Binswager's papers, " Dream and Existence ", in which the Frenchman put forward the idea that dreams constituted " the birth of the world " or " the heart laid bare ", expressing the mind's deepest desires.

Hubert Lagardelle wrote that Pierre-Joseph Proudhon laid out the fundamental theories of anarcho-syndicalism, through his repudiation of both capitalism and the state, his flouting of political government, his idea of free, autonomous economic groups, and his view of struggle, not pacifism, as the core of humanity.

In this work he developed his idea of " nervism ", using as example the intensifying nerve of the heart which he had discovered, and furthermore laid down the basic principles on the trophic function of the nervous system.

The first settlement was laid out on November 8, 1837 and was named Lowell with the idea that it would grow into a large manufacturing city similar to Lowell, Massachusetts.

The essential idea is to wet the entire sheet of paper, laid flat, until the surface no longer wicks up water but lets it sit on the surface, then to plunge in with a large brush saturated with paint.

He completely rejected Franz Mesmer's idea that a magnetic fluid caused hypnotic phenomena, because anyone could produce them in " himself by attending strictly to the simple rules " that he had laid down.

Its negative resolution by Leonhard Euler in 1735 laid the foundations of graph theory and prefigured the idea of topology.

He cited the example of Chaim Weizmann, who opposed the idea of a Jewish state in 1922, approved partition in 1937, and at the Biltmore Conference in 1942, laid claim to the whole of Palestine.

Against Gilles Ménage he wrote a Térence justifié ( 1656 ); he laid claim having originated the idea of the Carte de tendre of Mlle de Scudéry's Clélié ; and after being a professed admirer of Corneille turned against him because he had neglected to mention the abbé in his Discours sur le poème dramatique.

In the Heian Period ( 794 – 1185 ), this idea developed into moveable mats that could be laid anywhere in the house to sit or sleep on before becoming a permanent floor covering in the fifteenth century.

He was to the fore of Irish nationalist thinking and it has been noted by later nationalist heroes, such as Patrick Pearse, that while Wolfe Tone laid out the basic premise that Ireland as a nation must be free, Davis was the one who built this idea up promoting the Irish identity.

Some rural occupants didn't like the idea of de-mining being finished so quickly and so it could be that the German soldiers searched a dune area for mines of which they knew for certain mines had been laid.

" I laid aside the fancy I told you of, and have a very curious and new idea for my new story.

Wolff ’ s " De Formatione Intestinorum " rather than his " Theoria Generationis " embodies his greatest contribution to embryology ; in it he foreshadows the idea of germ layers in the embryo, which, under Pander and von Baer, became the fundamental conception in structural embryology-he laid the foundation for the germ layer theory.

But that outrage could not be laid hold of mentally in any sort of way, so that one remained faced by the fact of a man blown to bits for nothing even most remotely resembling an idea, anarchistic or other.

When ANSI first laid out the idea of a logical schema in 1975, the choices were hierarchical and network.

The foundation of ER was laid with work at the national research council in Rome in the 90s, but the initial idea of encoding a robot control system into a genome and have artificial evolution improve on it dates back to the late 80s.

" For instance, although the marginal productivity theory — the idea that payments to factors of production equilibrate to their marginal productivity — had been laid out by others such as John Bates Clark, Wicksell presented a far simpler and more robust demonstration of the principle, and much of the present conception of that theory stems from Wicksell's model.

Post-punk laid the groundwork for alternative rock by broadening the idea of what punk and underground music could do, incorporating elements of Krautrock ( specifically the use of synthesizers ), Jamaican dub music, American funk, studio experimentation, and even punk's traditional polar opposite, Disco, into the genre.

Now laid out as an Old English garden, it contains a memorial tablet to the late Mr Michael Kearney, the former Deputy Chairman of the Parks and Gardens Committee, who originated the idea of its design.

However, the idea failed to attract Noah's fellow Jews and it never got further than a ceremonial layinging of a cornerstone.

The idea that a proletarian revolution is needed is a cornerstone of Marxism ; Marxists believe that the workers of the world must unite and free themselves from capitalist oppression to create a world run by and for the working class.

In his 1976 book Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society, Raymond Williams states in the entry for " Industry ": " The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811 and 1818, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the century.

Mind maps have many applications in personal, family, educational, and business situations, including notetaking, brainstorming ( wherein ideas are inserted into the map radially around the center node, without the implicit prioritization that comes from hierarchy or sequential arrangements, and wherein grouping and organizing is reserved for later stages ), summarizing, as a mnemonic technique, or to sort out a complicated idea.

Influential to thinkers associated with Postmodernism are Heidegger's critique of the subject-object or sense-knowledge division implicit in Rationalism, Empiricism and Methodological Naturalism, his repudiation of the idea that facts exist outside or separately from the process of thinking and speaking them ( however, Heidegger is not specifically a Nominalist ), his related admission that the possibilities of philosophical and scientific discourse are wrapped up in the practices and expectations of a society and that concepts and fundamental constructs are the expression of a lived, historical exercise rather than simple derivations of external, apriori conditions independent from historical mind and changing experience ( see Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Heinrich von Kleist, Weltanschauung and Social Constructionism ), and his Instrumentalist and Negativist notion that Being ( and, by extension, reality ) is an action, method, tendency, possibility and question rather than a discreet, positive, identifiable state, answer or entity ( see also Process Philosophy, Dynamism, Instrumentalism, Pragmatism and Vitalism ).

In all accounts of causality, the idea that there are underlying regularities in nature dates to prehistoric times, since even the recognition of cause-and-effect relationships is an implicit recognition that there are laws of nature.

The idea implicit in all these rites, is that certain stones have the power to make sterile women fruitful, either because of the spirits of the ancestors that dwell in them, or because of their shape ( the pregnant woman, " woman stone "), or because of their origin (" autogenesis ").

The law is implicit in the economic idea of rational expectations.

Perry challenges the idea, implicit in the craft tradition, that pottery is merely decorative or utilitarian and cannot express ideas.

( b ) In rejecting the idea that laws merely describe or independently ground phenomena, Hegel revives the Aristotlean position that law or principle is something implicit in a thing, a potentiality which is not actual but which is in the process of becoming actual.

Kennan rejected the idea that Stalin had a grand design for world conquest implicit in Nitze's report and argued that he actually feared overextending Russian power.

An old idea, implicit even in the notion of a simplicial complex, was to study a singular space by decomposing it into smooth pieces ( nowadays called " strata ").

The idea and practice of explication is rooted in the verb to explicate, which concerns the process of " unfolding " and of " making clear " the meaning of things, so as to make the implicit explicit.

Distancing himself from the implicit homosexuality of that depiction, an element of controversy, Robbins said in an interview with The Christian Science Monitor, " After seeing ... Fleet's In, which I inwardly rejected though it gave me the idea of doing the ballet, I watched sailors, and girls, too, all over town.

However, scholars have also found implicit traces of the idea in the works of Al-Ghazali ( The Incoherence of the Philosophers ), Averroes ( The Incoherence of the Incoherence ), Fakhr al-Din al-Razi ( Matalib al -' Aliya ) and John Duns Scotus.

This begins to point towards the idea of communicative rationality, which is the potential for rationality that is implicit in the validity basis of everyday communication, the shape of reason that can be extracted from Habermas's formal-pragmatic analyses.

" Pagans reacted angrily to the label " fringe group ", the suggestion that pagans are uncompassionate, the idea that they would apply for funding only to promote ideology, and the exclusion of pagan organizations implicit in the statement.

* the idea of a " generative metaphor ", figurative descriptions of social situations, usually implicit and even semi-conscious but that shape the way problems are tackled, for example seeing a troubled inner-city neighborhood as urban " blight " and, hence, taking steps rooted in the idea of disease.

Any meaningful philosophy, according to Nataraja Guru, must have some version of an absolute idea or value implicit in it.

" He showed that, in the case of memes, the intentional stance became increasingly implicit over time: as the idea of an " idea virus " was popularized further, the stance eventually dropped away entirely.

In 1995, social psychology researchers Anthony Greenwald and Mahzarin Banaji proposed the extension of ideas already existing in 1995 They asserted that the idea of implicit and explicit memory can apply to social constructs as well.

At first, Kyle's implicit idea is that family consists of " those for whom we care that are related by blood ".

In its essence the idea of communicative rationality draws upon the implicit validity claims that are inescapably bound to the everyday practices of individuals capable of speech and action.

So the medieval Shield of the Trinity diagram could be considered to contain some implicit kernel of the idea of alternative logical systems.