Whilst the uncertainty in the atomic mass computed by time-of-flight methods in atom probe is sufficiently small to allow for detection of individual isotopes within a material this uncertainty may still, in some cases, confound definitive identification of atomic species.

There are many methods for identifying and authenticating users, such as passwords, identification cards, and, more recently, smart cards and biometric systems.

Rapid diagnostic assay methods are available for the identification of multiple drug-resistant cases.

Consequently, the field of econometrics has developed methods for identification and estimation of simultaneous-equation models.

These methods are analogous to methods used in other areas of science, such as the field of system identification in systems analysis and control theory.

While modern identification of mushrooms is quickly becoming molecular, the standard methods for identification are still used by most and have developed into a fine art harking back to medieval times and the Victorian era, combined with microscopic examination.

It is also debated whether the apparent increase in frequency and severity of algal blooms in various parts of the world is in fact a real increase or is due to increased observation effort and advances in species identification methods.

RFLP analysis was also the basis for early methods of Genetic fingerprinting, useful in the identification of samples retrieved from crime scenes, in the determination of paternity, and in the characterization of genetic diversity or breeding patterns in animal populations.

Common risk identification methods are:

The continuing evolution of systems engineering comprises the development and identification of new methods and modeling techniques.

Determining part of a protein's amino-acid sequence ( often one end ) by one of the above methods may be sufficient to enable the identification of a clone carrying the gene.

Various methods of identity proofing are available ranging from in person validation using government issued identification to anonymous methods that allow the claimant to remain anonymous, but known to the system if they return.

The real reason is that wire transfers and similar methods of payment are irreversible, untraceable and, because identification beyond knowledge of the details of the transaction is often not required, completely anonymous.

One of the reasons why this detection was controversial is that although radio ( and some other methods like rotational spectroscopy ) are good for the identification of simple species with large dipole moments, they are less sensitive to more complex molecules, even something relatively small like amino acids.

Since the late nineteenth century, fingerprint identification methods have been used by police agencies around the world to identify suspected criminals as well as the victims of crime.

He also developed methods for the identification of deposits of Fuller's earth to the south of Bath.

However these signs do not necessarily mean that the pathogenic ( disease causing ) strains of honey fungus are a cause of plant decline or death, so other identification methods are advised before a diagnosis is made.

Model-based methods which are commonly used for identification assume that the data are from a normal distribution, and identify observations which are deemed " unlikely " based on mean and standard deviation:

It has been proposed that identification of processed pseudogenes can help improve the accuracy of gene prediction methods.

* Field stain Staining methods for the identification of malaria parasites

* Formal methods and databases — applications of automated music identification and recognition, such as score following, automatic accompaniment, routing and filtering for music and music queries, query languages, standards and other metadata or protocols for music information handling and retrieval, multi-agent systems, distributed search )

Very likely it will also include a recognition that the work we are reading reflects or `` belongs to '' some way of thought labelled as a `` school '' or an `` -ism '', i.e. a complex or `` syndrome '' of ideas occurring together with sufficient prominence to warrant identification.

That he read some of the books assigned to him with a studied carefulness is evident from his notes, which are often so full that they provide an unquestionable basis for the identification of reviews that were printed without his signature.

Mutants may also be developed with changes in biochemical properties that are of importance in identification.

Personal identification cards are issued to all adult males on which tax payments, inoculations, periods of employment, and changes of residence are recorded.

In another study chromium-substituted aluminum oxyhydroxides and related species, prepared homogeneously by high-temperature hydrolysis, are being characterized and investigated spectrally in the ultraviolet region with a view to identification and semiquantitative estimation of the phases formed under varying preparative conditions.

Its folklore and legend, usually disguised as history, are allowed to account for group actions, to provide a focal point for group loyalty, and to become a cohesive force for national identification.

The fact that the group orientation and group identification are founded on supernatural principles and nourished by the well-springs of devotion simply give them a deeper and more satisfying dimension.

Religious who derive their own sense of purpose through identification with the religious community rather than the academic community are prone to underestimate both the layman's reservoir of idealism and his need for this identification.

Obviously what we are confronted with here is the identification of `` professional '' with narrow skills and specialization, the effective servicing of a client, rather than responsiveness to the wider and deeper meaning and associations of one's work.

As amoebas themselves are polyphyletic and subject to some imprecision in definition, the term " amoeboid " does not provide identification of an organism, and is better understood as description of locomotion.

Common among the mislabeled works are all of the reasons identified for misattributing Cuyp ’ s works: the lack of biography and chronology of his works made it difficult to discern when paintings were created ( making it difficult to pinpoint an artist ); contentious signatures added to historians ’ confusion as to who actually painted the works ; and the collaborations and influences by different painters makes it hard to justify that a painting is genuinely that of Aelbert Cuyp ; and finally, accurate identification is made extremely difficult by the fact that this same style was copied ( rather accurately ) by his predecessor.

Following a protracted legal process culminating in a court ruling favorable to the Bahá ' ís, the interior minister of Egypt released a decree on April 14, 2009, amending the law to allow Egyptians who are not Muslim, Christian, or Jewish to obtain identification documents that list dash in place of one of the three recognized religions.

Practitioners of BDSM vary hugely in their perception of what activities are integral to BDSM, and some borderline activities ( light bondage, hot wax, blindfolds ) may be practiced by people identifying as " vanilla " ( i. e., not into BDSM ) – so inclusion in the community is usually dependent on self-proclaimed identification with the community.

Since tangents and inverse tangents are both continuous, our identification function is a homeomorphism between the real line and the unit circle without ∞.

Individuals are identified in the registry by means of a national identification number ( the so-called kennitala ), a number composed of the date of birth in the format and four additional digits, the third of which is a control digit, and the last of which indicates the century in which the person was born ( 9 for the 1900s and 0 for the 2000s ).

Likewise, all bank accounts are linked to the national identification of the owner ( companies and institutions all have their own identification numbers ).

Students learn about fire chemistry, mitigation practices, hazardous materials identification, suppression options, and are introduced to the concept of size-up.

Finnish dog tags are also designed to be broken in two ; however, the only text on it is the personal identification number and the letters SF, which stands for Suomi Finland, within a tower stamped atop of the upper half.

DTMF tones are also used by some cable television networks and radio networks to signal the local cable company / network station to insert a local advertisement or station identification.

On the other hand, many inscriptions are highly abbreviated and often casually formed, so the identification of individual letters is sometimes difficult.