Gross profit minus overheads and other indirect costs

In the mid 1970s, emerging long distance competitors like MCI and Sprint faced the same tactic of denying interconnection, which regulators quashed, followed by a series of efforts by the Bell System phone companies to escalate the costs of interconnection as an indirect means of excluding competition.

As the 15th century drew to a close the state of much of Europe's coinage was quite poor because of repeated debasement induced by the costs of continual warfare, and by the incessant centuries-long loss of silver and gold in indirect one-sided trades importing spices and porcelain and silk and other fine cloths and exotic goods from India, Indonesia and the Far East.

* Seigniorage derived from notes is more indirect, being the difference between interest earned on securities acquired in exchange for bank notes and the costs of producing and distributing those notes.

It should therefore be noted that some lower time-complexity algorithms on paper may have indirect time complexity costs on real machines.

It is a conventional method of cost accounting that traces direct costs and allocates indirect costs.

# Accounting for overhead and indirect costs

FCA accounts for all overhead and indirect costs, including those that are shared with other public agencies.

Overhead and indirect costs might include legal services, administrative support, data processing, billing, and purchasing.

Environmental costs as indirect costs include the full range of costs throughout the life-cycle of a product ( Life cycle assessment ), some of which even do not show up in the firm's bottom line.

The value above the line represents the out-of-pocket cost per trip for each mode of transportation, while the value below the line accounts for subsidies, environmental impact, social and indirect costs.

In the graph to the right the value above the line represents the out-of-pocket cost per trip, per person for each mode of transportation, the value below the line accounts for subsidies, environmental impact, social and indirect costs.

Cost-plus pricing is often used on government contracts ( cost-plus contracts ), and has been criticized as promoting wasteful expenditures in the form of direct costs, indirect costs, and fixed costs whether related to the production and sale of the product or service or not.

Labor costs include direct labor and indirect labor.

These will include direct costs ( where money actually changes hands, e. g. health service use, patient co-payments and out of pocket expenses ), indirect costs ( the value of lost productivity from time off work due to illness ), and intangible costs ( the ' disvalue ' to an individual of pain and suffering ).

When an Indian ruler, who was able to secure his territory, wanted to enter such an alliance, the Company welcomed it as an economical method of indirect rule, which did not involve the economic costs of direct administration or the political costs of gaining the support of alien subjects.

Consumers often make choices based on the direct out-of-pocket costs and underestimate the indirect costs of car ownership, auto insurance and car maintenance.

Although the inner functions of religion are not of direct significance in social organization, they have important indirect consequences.

They are usually used for long-range indirect bombardment support on the battlefield.

Conversely, most realists ( specifically, indirect realists ) hold that perceptions or sense data are caused by mind-independent objects.

The actions involved in operating the piece are collectively called " serving the gun " or " detachment " by the gun crew, constituting either direct or indirect artillery fire.

Pharmaceuticals are related to biotechnology in two indirect ways: 1 ) certain major types ( e. g. biologics ) fall under both categories, and 2 ) together they essentially comprise the " non-medical-device " set of BME applications.

In the Romance languages, the articles and direct and indirect object personal pronoun forms are clitics.

* Arabic: Suffixes standing for direct object pronouns and / or indirect object pronouns ( as found in Indo-European languages ) are suffixed to verbs, possessive determiners are suffixed to nouns, and pronouns are suffixed to particles.

The superscalar complexity in the case of modern x86 was solved with dynamically issued and buffered micro-operations, i. e. indirect and dynamic superscalar execution ; the Pentium Pro and AMD K5 are early examples of this.

Use of armour, air support, indirect fire support, and stealth are tactics that may be used to assault a defensive position.

The result of these direct effects are a wave of further indirect effects involving a variety of other neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems, leading finally to the behavioural or symptomatic effects of alcohol intoxication.

In addition, if the particles of which it is composed are supersymmetric, they can undergo annihilation interactions with themselves resulting in observable by-products such as photons and neutrinos (" indirect detection ").

Leftist politicians criticize such a structure since indirect taxes ( like the value added tax ) affect everyone alike, whereas direct taxes can be weighed according to levels of income and are therefore fairer taxes.

However, some basic goods are exempt from the indirect taxes.

In an example Husserl explains this in the following way: if you are standing in front of a house, you have a proper, direct presentation of that house, but if you are looking for it and ask for directions, then these directions ( e. g. the house on the corner of this and that street ) are an indirect, improper presentation.

The following are the indirect methods that have proven useful:

For instance, therapists have used sentences like, “ Who is the boy helping ?” and “ What is the boy fixing ?” because both verbs are transitive-they require two arguments in the form of a subject and a direct object, but not necessarily an indirect object.

Many of the differences in how Freenet behaves at a user level are direct or indirect consequences of its strong focus on free speech and anonymity.

In addition to this pure hydrogen type, there are hydrocarbon fuels for fuel cells, including diesel, methanol ( see: direct-methanol fuel cells and indirect methanol fuel cells ) and chemical hydrides.

Supply and demand are always equal as they are the two sides of the same set of transactions, and discussions of " imbalances " are a muddled and indirect way of referring to price.

A direct evaluation of either summation ( above ) requires operations for an output sequence of length N. An indirect method, using transforms, can take advantage of the efficiency of the fast Fourier transform ( FFT ) to achieve much better performance.

Mercenary-on-mercenary warfare in Italy led to relatively bloodless campaigns which relied as much on manoeuvre as on battles, since the condottieri recognized it was more efficient to attack the enemy's ability to wage war rather than his battle forces, discovering the concept of indirect warfare 500 years before Sir Basil Liddell Hart, and attempting to attack the enemy supply lines, his economy and his ability to wage war rather than risking an open battle, and manoeuvre him into a position where risking a battle would have been suicidial.

Of specific interest is the entorhinal cortex, which has much less ( indirect ) connections to the tertiary auditory cortex, as well as direct connections to the hippocampus, the most active region of neurogenesis in the adult brain.

While long-distance inland calls have been offered by calling cards, by the mid-2000s conventional carriers reduced their rates to be competitive ; however in many countries calling-card type indirect services can be much cheaper than normal calls.

Direct gap semiconductors are particularly important in optoelectronics because they are much more efficient as light emitters than indirect gap materials ; an electron movnig between two bands need not exchange momentum with phonons in the crystal lattice.

In this sense, much of the subtlety of poetry, metaphor, figurative language, innuendo and other complex, indirect communicative behaviors is beyond the current scope and goals of the UNL.

It uses both direct and indirect heat to surround the food with hot air to cook, and can be basted much the same as grilled foods.

After the collapse of the Japanese property bubble, a manager of a major bank in Nagoya was assassinated, and much speculation ensued about the banking industry's indirect connection to the Japanese underworld.

One says that TAG is not a distinctive form of argument: this objection claims that the form of the TAG ( indirect, transcendental ) is really just a reworking of the standard deductive and inductive forms of reasoning ; it claims that there is really not much difference between Thomas Aquinas and Cornelius Van Til.

Greater progressivity was introduced in the tax system, with greater emphasis on direct ( income-based ) as opposed to indirect ( typically expenditure-based ) taxation as a means of raising revenue, with the amount raised by the former increasing twice as much as that of the latter.

There is indirect evidence that he was also a major exporter to Europe of much sought after English woollen cloth such as Broadcloth.

The thermal efficiency is lower in the indirect type of external combustion ; however, the turbine blades are not subjected to combustion products and much lower quality ( and therefore cheaper ) fuels are able to be used.

Since indirect percussion can be so precisely placed, the platform is often much smaller on flakes produced in this way than in other methods of flake removal.

The scheme “ was never a directly economic proposition, but in the pre-war days when motor traffic was lacking and it was much more important than today to have a solid caucus of skilled woodmen living in the forests, the indirect benefits were inestimable.

The indirect methods, such as gravity tractors, attaching rockets or mass drivers, laser cannon, etc., will travel to the object then take more time to change course up to 180 degrees to fly alongside, and then will also take much more time to change the asteroid's path just enough so it will miss Earth.

They are often updated much more frequently than messages in answering machines, and thus may serve as a means of instant, limited " publication " or indirect communication.

In such cases they may have indirect effect, but are unlikely to be of much use for interpreting national laws.

The 20th century opened with Europe at an apex of wealth and power, and with much of the world under its direct colonial control or its indirect domination.

Prior to the battle, there were other indirect encounters between some of the combatants, and the military might of China had been projected beyond the harsh continental climate and the dry, desolate, and difficult terrain of the Tarim Basin, much of which consists of the Taklamakan Desert, as early as the Han Dynasty, when Emperor Wu of Han sent military expeditions to seize horses which got as far as the Ferghana.

He published two books on English history: Essai sur les causes qui, en 1649, amenérent en Angleterre l ' établissement de la république ( Paris, 1799 ), and Tableau politique des règnes de Charles II et Jacques II, derniers rois de la maison de Stuart ( The Hague, 1818 ) which contained much indirect criticism of the Directory and the Restoration governments.

However, unlike the Soviet model or China under Mao, this management was indirect, through market mechanisms, and much of it was modeled after economic planning and control mechanisms in Western nations.

With such indirect references, the entertainment value does not lie so much in the technical achievement of exactly reproducing the voice so much as in merely making it recognizable ; the joke lies in the reference to a celebrity, not in its rendition.

As the government draws its income from much of the population, government debt is an indirect debt of the taxpayers.