In humans, probably the most relevant pathway is the indirect one, which is mediated by cholesteryl ester transfer protein ( CETP ).

This pathway uses the neurotransmitters dopamine, GABA and substance P. The indirect pathway consists of three inhibitory pathways that go from the putamen and caudate nucleus to the external region of the globus pallidus.

< font color =" green "> Green arrows </ font > refer to excitatory: en: Glutamic acid | glutamatergic pathways, < font color =" red "> red arrows </ font > refer to inhibitory: en: gamma-Aminobutyric acid | GABAergic pathways and < font color =" turquoise "> turquoise arrows </ font > refer to: en: dopamine | dopaminergic pathways that are excitatory on the direct pathway and inhibitory on the indirect pathway.

< font color =" green "> Green arrows </ font > refer to excitatory: en: Glutamic acid | glutamatergic pathways, < font color =" red "> red arrows </ font > refer to inhibitory: en: gamma-Aminobutyric acid | GABAergic pathways and < font color =" turquoise "> turquoise arrows </ font > refer to: en: dopamine | dopaminergic pathways that are excitatory on the direct pathway and inhibitory on the indirect pathway.

Thus, striatal activity exerts an excitatory ( or rather disinhibitory ) effect on SNr neurons via the direct pathway, but an inhibitory effect via the indirect pathway.

< font color =" green "> Green arrows </ font > refer to excitatory: en: Glutamic acid | glutamatergic pathways, < font color =" red "> red arrows </ font > refer to inhibitory: en: gamma-Aminobutyric acid | GABAergic pathways and < font color =" turquoise "> turquoise arrows </ font > refer to: en: dopamine | dopaminergic pathways that are excitatory on the direct pathway and inhibitory on the indirect pathway.

In addition to these direct pathways, which drive the velocity of eye rotation, there is an indirect pathway that builds up the position signal needed to prevent the eye from rolling back to center when the head stops moving.

It works in conjunction with the indirect pathway of movement.

The indirect pathway of movement is a neuronal circuit through the basal ganglia and several associated nuclei within the central nervous system ( CNS ) which helps to prevent unwanted muscle contractions from competing with voluntary movements.

The indirect pathway passes through the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus, which are parts of the basal ganglia.

Simultaneously, in the indirect pathway, the motor cortices send activating signals to the caudate and putamen.

The cells of the indirect pathway in the caudate and putamen that receive these signals are inhibitory and, once activated, they send inhibitory signals to the globus pallidus externus, reducing the activity in that nucleus.

On activation of the indirect pathway, these inhibitory signals are reduced, which allows more activation of the subthalamic nucleus.

Interruption or dysfunction of the indirect pathway of movement results in hyperkinesia, or dyskinesias, which are, in general, diseases which lead to the production of additional involuntary muscle activity.

< font color =" green "> Green arrows </ font > refer to excitatory: en: Glutamic acid | glutamatergic pathways, < font color =" red "> red arrows </ font > refer to inhibitory: en: gamma-Aminobutyric acid | GABAergic pathways and < font color =" turquoise "> turquoise arrows </ font > refer to: en: dopamine | dopaminergic pathways that are excitatory on the direct pathway and inhibitory on the indirect pathway.

Overactivity of a direct pathway combined with decreased activity of an indirect pathway results in activation of thalamic neurons and excitation of cortical neurons, resulting in increased motor output.

These projections are inhibitory and have been found to utilize both GABA and substance P. The indirect pathway, which projects to the globus pallidus external ( GPe ), is also inhibitory and uses GABA and enkephalin.

Pure altruism consists of sacrificing something for someone other than the self ( e. g. sacrificing time, energy or possessions ) with no expectation of any compensation or benefits, either direct, or indirect ( e. g., receiving recognition for the act of giving ).

Every instruction consists of a 9-bit opcode, a 4-bit register code, and a 23-bit effective address field, which consists in turn of a 1-bit indirect bit, a 4-bit register code, and an 18-bit offset.

Paul L. Anderson, a prolific contemporary promoter of pictorialism, advised his readers to that true art photography conveyed " suggestion and mystery ", in which " mystery consists in affording an opportunity for the exercise of the imagination, whereas suggestion involves stimulating the imagination by direct or indirect means.

Prior to the battle, there were other indirect encounters between some of the combatants, and the military might of China had been projected beyond the harsh continental climate and the dry, desolate, and difficult terrain of the Tarim Basin, much of which consists of the Taklamakan Desert, as early as the Han Dynasty, when Emperor Wu of Han sent military expeditions to seize horses which got as far as the Ferghana.

The Gross national income ( GNI ) consists of: the personal consumption expenditures, the gross private investment, the government consumption expenditures, the net income from assets abroad ( net income receipts ), and the gross exports of goods and services, after deducting two components: the gross imports of goods and services, and the indirect business taxes.

The “ invitation ” approach originates within the clique: a current member of a clique invites a potential member either explicitly or by indirect socialization, which consists of the clique attempting to demonstrate the joys and benefits of membership.

Tax policy in the European Union ( EU ) consists of two components: direct taxation, which remains the sole responsibility of Member States, and indirect taxation, which affects free movement of goods and the freedom to provide services.

The standard equipment consists of the panoramic sight PG-1M for indirect fire, and an OP4M-40U telescope for direct fire.

According to the E. J. Erickson the Greek Navy also played a crucial, albeit indirect role, in the Thracian campaign by neutralizing no less than three Thracian Corps ( see First Balkan War, the Bulgarian theater of operations ), a significant portion of the Ottoman Army there, in the all-important opening round of the war.

Thirty three countries, including the United States, China, and Australia, have laws that explicitly regulate franchising, with the majority of all other countries having laws which have a direct or indirect impact on franchising.

The three are often in direct or indirect conflict, which occasionally involve Earth people ; in particular, the Kree and Skrulls are ancient enemies, and the Kree-Skrull War has involved humans on several occasions.

If the three arguments of a typical ditransitive verb are labeled D ( for Donor ; the subject of a verb like " to give " in English ), T ( for Theme ; normally the direct object of ditransitive verb in English ) and R ( for Recipient, normally the indirect object in English ), these can be aligned with the Agent and Patient of monotransitive verbs and the Subject of intransitive verbs in several ways, which are not predicted by whether the language is accusative, ergative, or active.

There are three main channels of indirect lobbying of the Council.

Another interesting aspect of the painting is how Hopper employs three light sources, from a desk lamp, through a window and indirect light from above.

All finite verbs are marked for agreement with three arguments: absolutive, ergative and indirect object, and there are also a wide range of applicative constructions.

The last three words would constitute the use of an imperative verb accompanied by both a direct and an indirect object.

The IBM 709 added overlapped input / output, indirect addressing, and three " convert " instructions ( which provided support for decimal arithmetic, leading zero suppression, and several other operations ).

For this view three direct and three indirect proofs are offered by Saadia, the latter consisting in demonstrating that dualism is absurd.

Only three days after Whymper's ascent, the mountain was ascended from the Italian side via an indirect route by Jean-Antoine Carrel and Jean-Baptiste Bich on July 17, 1865.

Thus the Greek Navy played a crucial albeit indirect role in the Thracian campaign, by neutralizing three corps, a significant portion of the Ottoman Army, in the all-important opening round of the war.

The SU-76M combined three main battlefield roles: light assault gun, mobile anti-tank weapon and mobile gun for indirect fire.

According to Islamic texts such as al-Tarsusi and Abu Rayhan Biruni, three methods are described for indirect production of steel.

All three are indirect descendants of Dorothy, though their specific relationship to her has not been revealed.

None of these three 22 Wings had any direct or indirect connection with North Bay.

To complicate matters even more, after the holding of the first direct election, the constitution was amended, so that the final three elections to the Senate occurred by a method of indirect election.

There are three basic cases: direct ( or absolutive, often inaccurately labeled the nominative ), indirect ( which may function as an ergative, accusative, or genitive ), and oblique.

Until 2009, three of Hearst's television stations ( KCWE, WMOR-TV, and WPBF ) and its two radio stations ( WBAL radio and WIYY ) were owned by Hearst Broadcasting, Inc., an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Hearst Corporation through which Hearst ultimately controlled Hearst-Argyle Television, as opposed to Hearst-Argyle itself ; Hearst-Argyle still operated these stations under a management services agreement.

In 1780, at the initiative of Jacques Necker indirect taxes were distributed between three tax farm companies: the Ferme générale ( customs duties ), the Ligue générale ( taxes on alcohol ) and the Administration générale des domaines et des droits domaniaux ( land taxes and fees on land registration ).

Columbia has direct access to three interstate highways, I-20, I-26 and I-77, and indirect access to two additional interstates within, I-95 and I-85.

To complicate matters even further, after the holding of the first direct election, the constitution was amended by the Constitution ( Amendment No. 6 ) Act, passed on 23 July 1928, so that the final three elections to the Seanad occurred by a method of indirect election.