Evidence suggests that environmental factors play a significant role in the development and course of bipolar disorder, and that individual psychosocial variables may interact with genetic dispositions.

Ever since the origination of quantum mechanics, some theorists have searched for ways to incorporate additional determinants or " hidden variables " that, were they to become known, would account for the location of each individual impact with the target.

There are also individual EPR-like experiments that have no local hidden variables explanation.

A first-order predicate ( also called a monad ) is a predicate that takes only individual ( s ) constants or variables as argument ( s ).

Wilson telescope, Edwin Hubble was able to resolve the outer parts of some spiral nebulae as collections of individual stars and identified some Cepheid variables, thus allowing him to estimate the distance to the nebulae: they were far too distant to be part of the Milky Way.

These notions refer more to the kind of polynomials one is generally working with than to individual polynomials ; for instance when working with univariate polynomials one does not exclude constant polynomials ( which may result, for instance, from the subtraction of non-constant polynomials ), although strictly speaking constant polynomials do not contain any variables at all.

These batch Spreadsheets dealt primarily with the addition or subtraction of entire columns or rows ( of input variables ), rather than individual cells.

Smalltalk-80 added metaclasses, to help maintain the " everything is an object " ( except private instance variables ) paradigm by associating properties and behavior with individual classes, and even primitives such as integer and boolean values ( for example, to support different ways of creating instances ).

Each individual list represents one environment level: the parameters of the current function are in the head of the list, variables that are free in the current function, but bound by a surrounding function, are in other elements of E.

The individual items in a random vector are individual real-valued random variables, and are often manipulated using the same sort of mathematical vector and matrix operations that apply to the other types of vectors, but otherwise usually behave more like collections of individual values.

The cognitive load depends on two variables, the rate at which the processing task requires individual steps to be carried out, and the duration of each step.

However, it is well known that sentences of this kind cannot be interpreted in first-order logic, where individual variables stand for individual things.

Since these variables do not stand for individual objects, it seems we are “ ontologically committed ” to entities other than individuals — sets, classes, and so on.

This is especially applicable when the multivariate distribution is composed out of a set of individual random variables in which each variable is conditioned on only a small number of other variables, as is the case in most typical hierarchical models.

The individual variables are then sampled one at a time, with each variable conditioned on the most recent values of all the others.

Although jitter is a random variable, it is the sum of several other random variables that are at least somewhat independent: the individual queuing delays of the routers along the Internet path in question.

Psychologists have generally found that personality traits, individual difference variables, needs, and ideological beliefs seem to have a common thread.

These changes can be attributed to both societal level factors, such as GDP and state policy, and related individual level variables, particularly a woman's educational attainment.

Under any interpretation of the two values, the individual variables X < sub > i </ sub > may be called Bernoulli trials with parameter p.

It was impossible to be true to my sensations and consequently to render life and movement, impossible to be faithful to the effects, so random and so admirable, of nature, impossible to give an individual character to my drawing, I had to give up .”

This hybridization has a random element, and the chromosomes tend to be a little different in every gamete that an individual produces.

A material with many atoms in such an excited state may thus result in radiation which is very spectrally limited ( centered around one wavelength of light ), but the individual photons would have no common phase relationship and would emanate in random directions.

Computer modeling and simulation suggest that random processes during infection drive the selection of lysis or lysogeny within individual cells.

This occurs partly because random mutations cause changes in the genome of an individual organism, and these mutations can be passed to offspring.

If an individual coin toss or the roll of dice is considered to be a random event, then if repeated many times the sequence of random events will exhibit certain patterns, which can be studied and predicted.

An example of random variation in Drosophila flies is the number of ommatidia, which may vary ( randomly ) between left and right eyes in a single individual as much as they do between different genotypes overall, or between clones raised in different environments.

Russel Hurlburt, a psychologist at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas has studied personality by having individuals record their individual experiences at random times throughout the day.

However, reduction to numerical values is not essential for dealing with random elements: a randomly selected individual remains an individual, not a number.

The expected value of random vectors, random matrices, and similar aggregates of fixed structure is defined as the aggregation of the expected value computed over each individual element.

A random sample is defined as a sample where each individual member of the population has a known, non-zero chance of being selected as part of the sample.

In the experiment, Milgram sent several packages to 160 random people living in Omaha, Nebraska, asking them to forward the package to a friend or acquaintance who they thought would bring the package closer to a set final individual, a stockbroker from Boston, Massachusetts.

A material with many atoms in such an excited state may thus result in radiation which is very spectrally limited ( centered around one wavelength of light ), but the individual photons would have no common phase relationship and would emanate in random directions.

In other words, the degree to which individuals display Trait C has little to do with either genes or broadly predictable environmental factors — roughly, the outcome approaches random for an individual.

* Simulated annealing ( SA ) is a related global optimization technique that traverses the search space by testing random mutations on an individual solution.

While it is possible to predict the genetic composition of a backcross on average, it is not possible to accurately predict the composition of a particular backcrossed individual, due to random segregation of chromosomes.

( Note: ∇< sup > 2 </ sup > F represents, in this case, the vector formed by the individual Laplacian of each component of the vector in question )

The principle of superposition of waves states that when two or more waves are incident on the same point, the total displacement at that point is equal to the vector sum of the displacements of the individual waves.

The state vector would not apply to individual cat experiments, but only to the statistics of many similarly prepared cat experiments.

If each wave is modelled by a vector, then it can be seen that if a number of vectors with random angles are added together, the length of the resulting vector can be anything from zero to the sum of the individual vector lengths — a 2-dimensional random walk, sometimes known as a drunkard's walk.

Here the random vector is the vector r of random returns on the individual assets, and the portfolio return p ( a random scalar ) is the inner product of the vector of random returns with a vector w of portfolio weights — the fractions of the portfolio placed in the respective assets.

A vector field can be visualized as assigning a vector to individual points within an n-dimensional space.

The field around multiple particles is simply the vector sum of the fields around each individual particle.

An object in such a field will experience a force that equals the vector sum of the forces it would feel in these individual fields.

The individual computers may be shared-or local-memory multiprocessors, vector supercomputers, specialized graphics engines, or scalar workstations and PCs, that may be interconnected by a variety of networks, such as Ethernet or FDDI.

for two vector bundles E and F over M. In terms of the individual Pontryagin classes,