It receives strong visual inputs, but also inputs from other senses that are useful in directing actions, such as auditory input in owls and input from the thermosensitive pit organs in snakes.

* British mathematician Alan Turing created a theoretical model for a machine, now called a universal Turing machine, that could carry out calculations from inputs,

Its name comes from the information path in the system: process inputs ( e. g., voltage applied to an electric motor ) have an effect on the process outputs ( e. g., speed or torque of the motor ), which is measured with sensors and processed by the controller ; the result ( the control signal ) is " fed back " as input to the process, closing the loop.

To abstract from the number of inputs, outputs and states, the variables are expressed as vectors and the differential and algebraic equations are written in matrix form ( the latter only being possible when the dynamical system is linear ).

Experiments and computational models in Multimodal integration have shown that sensory input from different senses is integrated in a statistically optimal way, in addition, it appears that the kind of inferences used to infer single sources for multiple sensory inputs uses a Bayesian inference about the causal origin of the sensory stimuli.

This integration is both " temporal " -- involving the summation of stimuli that arrive in rapid succession — as well as " spatial " -- entailing the aggregation of excitatory and inhibitory inputs from separate branches.

The body perceives external inputs and the awareness of them comes from the soul.

This is because increasing output of one good requires transferring inputs to it from production of the other good, decreasing the latter.

Even if one region has an absolute advantage as to the ratio of its outputs to inputs in every type of output, it may still specialize in the output in which it has a comparative advantage and thereby gain from trading with a region that lacks any absolute advantage but has a comparative advantage in producing something else.

It describes mental processes as computational operations, so that, for example, a fear response is described as arising from a neurological computation that inputs the perceptional data, e. g. a visual image of a spider, and outputs the appropriate reaction, e. g. fear of possibly dangerous animals.

Fuel cells are different from batteries in that they require a constant source of fuel and oxygen to run, but they can produce electricity continually for as long as these inputs are supplied.

Bardhan and Jafee found that intermediate inputs occupy 37 to 38 % of U. S. imports for the years 1992 and 1997, whereas the percentage of intrafirm trade grew from 43 % in 1992 to 52 % in 1997.

Paul Samuelson coined a term Sraffa bonus to name the gains from trade of inputs.

Except for Pakistan, which received heavy inputs of aid from the United States, all other South Asian countries receive most of their aid from Japan.

It primary goals are to reduce phosphorus inputs to Lake Champlain ; reduce toxic contamination ; minimize the risks to humans from water-related health hazards ; and control the introduction, spread, and impact of non-native nuisance species to preserve the integrity of the Lake Champlain ecosystem.

In such analyses, the Laplace transform is often interpreted as a transformation from the time-domain, in which inputs and outputs are functions of time, to the frequency-domain, where the same inputs and outputs are functions of complex angular frequency, in radians per unit time.

Descartes believed inputs are passed on by the sensory organs to the Pineal gland | epiphysis in the brain and from there to the immaterial spirit.

In Boolean logic, the majority function ( also called the median operator ) is a function from n inputs to one output.

These questions include how signals are processed by neurites – thin extensions from a neuronal cell body, consisting of dendrites ( specialized to receive synaptic inputs from other neurons ) and axons ( specialized to conduct nerve impulses called action potentials ) – and somas ( the cell bodies of the neurons containing the nucleus ), and how neurotransmitters and electrical signals are used to process information in a neuron.

As of 2010, Microsoft has also released the Kinect, similar to Sony's EyeToy, both of which use cameras to detect the player's motions and translate them into inputs for the game.

In the first bio-mechanical versions, comparative GSR inputs monitored each player's relaxation response and moved the Will Ball across a playing field appropriately using stepper motors.

He also places a high priority on ensuring his games are interactive with the player's actions and respond quickly to the player's inputs.

In some rhythm games, the screen displays an avatar who performs in reaction to the player's controller inputs.

Instead they are used to adjust the level of analog signals ( for example volume controls on audio equipment ), and as control inputs for electronic circuits.

A preamplifier selects among several audio inputs, amplifies source-level signals ( such as those from a turntable ), and allows the listener to adjust the sound with volume and tone controls.

There exist many different types and sub-types of modules – even modules with the same basic function will have different inputs, outputs and controls on various models.

On smaller mixers the inputs are on the left of the mixing board and the master controls are on the right.

In larger mixers, the master controls are in the center with inputs on both sides.

The inputs buffer the signal from the external device and this controls the amount of amplification or attenuation needed to bring the signal to a nominal level for processing.

Additionally, most digital mixers have virtual pages or layers which change the fader banks into separate controls for additional inputs or for adjusting equalization or aux send levels.

* A company exhibits backward vertical integration when it controls subsidiaries that produce some of the inputs used in the production of its products.

More sophisticated models may feature dual cassette decks ( often featuring high-speed dubbing ), separate bass and treble level controls, five-or ten-band graphic equalizers, Dolby noise reduction, analog or LED sound level ( VU ) meters, larger speakers, ' soft-touch ' tape deck controls, multiple shortwave ( SW ) band reception with fine tuning, automatic song search functions for cassettes, line and / or phono inputs and outputs, microphone inputs, loudness switches, and detachable speakers.

In a spiral dive the airplane will respond conventionally to the pilot's inputs to the flight controls.

A two-axis autopilot controls an aircraft in the pitch axis as well as roll, and may be little more than a " wing leveller " with limited pitch oscillation-correcting ability ; or it may receive inputs from on-board radio navigation systems to provide true automatic flight guidance once the aircraft has taken off until shortly before landing ; or its capabilities may lie somewhere between these two extremes.

The flight controls reverse themselves in a way that is not intuitive, so pilots may not be aware of the situation and therefore provide the wrong inputs ; in order to roll to the left, for instance, they have to push the control stick to the right, the opposite of the normal direction.

The inputs of the two controls are mixed either mechanically or electronically to provide the appropriate position for each elevon.

The front panel has two microphone inputs with separated volume controls, as well as tone control.

As an example, a computer system that controls the behaviour of an engine in a vehicle might need to respond to inputs within a specific amount of time.

In broadcast engineering, the term transmitter plant is the part of the physical plant associated with the transmitter and its controls and inputs, the studio / transmitter link ( if the radio studio is off-site ), the radio antenna and radomes, feedline and desiccation / nitrogen system, broadcast tower and building, tower lighting, generator, and air conditioning.

Now there are direction controls as well as many types of other inputs.

While directional controls are one important part of controllers there are also general inputs, usually in the form of buttons either on the front or on the tope edges ( shoulders ) of the controller.

These can be configured either as additional inputs to main channels or as special microphone channels which are similar in structure, but normally have fewer controls and are often monaural.