However, in the actual assessment of the cutting force by instrumental methods for any thickness of coating a number of spurious effects occur which must be taken into account and which make the measured value larger than the true cutting force indicated by eqn. ( 1 ).

She approached the problem by investigating the methods of sound reproduction through the centuries, human and instrumental.

Investigation of the afterlife also includes the study of ( among others ) cases of haunting, apparitions of the deceased ( including, in some cases, information conveyed by those same apparitions ), instrumental trans-communication ( recording of electronic voice phenomena on tape ), and mediumship.

It is instrumental for keeping time, in that UTC is basically the atomic time synchronized to Earth's rotation by means of exact observations.

The opening instrumental was largely done away with by 1980 ; no later Project album except Eye in the Sky featured one ( although every album includes at least one instrumental somewhere in the running order ).

Although Collins used it as a catharsis for her opposition to the Vietnam War, two years after her rendition, the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards, senior Scottish regiment of the British Army, recorded an instrumental version featuring a bagpipe soloist accompanied by a pipe and drum band.

Bolometric magnitude corresponds to luminosity, expressed in magnitude units ; that is, after taking into account all electromagnetic wavelengths, including those unobserved due to instrumental pass-band, the Earth's atmospheric absorption, or extinction by interstellar dust.

Salieri's instrumental works have been judged by various critics and scholars to lack the inspiration and innovation found in his writing for the stage.

The first instrumental analysis was flame emissive spectrometry developed by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff who discovered rubidium ( Rb ) and caesium ( Cs ) in 1860.

Modern analytical chemistry is dominated by instrumental analysis.

The method of standard addition is used in instrumental analysis to determine concentration of a substance ( analyte ) in an unknown sample by comparison to a set of samples of known concentration, similar to using a calibration curve.

Other key traditional pop and jazz ballads include: " Body and Soul " by Johnny Green ; " Misty " by Erroll Garner ; " The Man I Love " by George Gershwin ; " My Funny Valentine " by Rodgers and Hart, " God Bless the Child " by Billie Holiday, " Ev ' ry Time We Say Goodbye " by Cole Porter, the instrumental ballad " Naima " by John Coltrane, " In a Sentimental Mood " by Duke Ellington and " Always " by Irving Berlin.

The group encompassed a range of ideological outlooks, from conspiratorially-minded army officers to idealistic youths, sometimes tending towards republicanism, despite the acquisition of nationalistic royal circles in its activities ( the movement's leader, Col. Dragutin Dimitrijević or " Apis ," had been instrumental in the June 1903 coup which had brought King Petar Karađorđević to the Serbian throne following 45 years of rule by the rival Obrenović dynasty ).

This led to changes in the way music was performed, the most crucial of which was the move to standard instrumental groups and the reduction in the importance of the continuo — the harmonic fill beneath the music, often played by several instruments.

The purely selfish kinds of coercion are a form of predatory behaviour by the coercing party, whose aim is to narrow down the scope of other people ’ s actions so as to make them instrumental to its own personal interests.

* means ( karaṇa, related to the instrumental )

It attaches " wanting more " to instrumental rationality, which involves seeking the most cost-effective means to achieve a specific goal without reflecting on the worthiness of that goal.

An instrumental value is worth having as a means towards getting something else that is good ( e. g., a radio is instrumentally good in order to hear music ).

Distinguishing between ends and means was a commonplace of ethics, but what made Moore ’ s Principia Ethica ( 1903 ) so important for the philosophical basis of Bloomsbury thought was Moore's conception of intrinsic worth as distinct from instrumental value.

But more important than these for the group ’ s values was the recurrent questioning of human behaviour in terms of instrumental means and intrinsic ends.

The comitative case ( abbreviated ), also known as the associative case ( abbreviated ), is a grammatical case that denotes companionship, and is used where English would typically use preposition " with " in the sense of " in company with " or " together with " ( other uses of " with ," e. g. with the meaning of " using ," " by means of " ( I cut bread with a knife ) would correspond to the instrumental case or related cases ).

The meaning " by way of " of the case labelled prolative in the above languages is expressed in Basque by means of the instrumental ( suffix-z ).

In this account of ethnic identification, “ thnicity and race are viewed as instrumental identities, organized as means to particular ends ”.

While he was instrumental in the academic exploration of his techniques ( he compiled two treatises: the later one in five volumes was substantially complete when he died and was published posthumously ), and was himself a master of music analysis, he considered the development and study of techniques to be a means to intellectual, aesthetic and emotional ends.

Means are ends, never merely instrumental but also always expressive of values ; means are end-creating or ends-in-the making ".

In November 1910, Kent was instrumental in the establishment of the Society of Homeopathicians as a means of disseminating the principles of homeopathy promulgated by Hahnemann.

No strictly instrumental music by Lassus is known to survive, or ever to have existed: an interesting omission for a composer otherwise so wide-ranging and prolific, during an age when instrumental music was becoming an ever-more prominent means of expression, all over Europe.

This introduced the concept of orientation to work and distinguished three main orientations: instrumental ( where work is a means to an end ), bureaucratic ( where work is a source of status, security and immediate reward ) and solidaristic ( which prioritises group loyalty ).

Gambus literally means oud, referring to a type of lute or 12-string pear-shaped guitar, is the Middle-Eastern-derived Islamic vocal and instrumental music.

The instrumental case ( abbreviated or ; also called the eighth case ) is a grammatical case used to indicate that a noun is the instrument or means by or with which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action.

Chŏngak means literally " right ( or correct ) music ", and its tradition includes both instrumental and vocal music, which were cultivated mainly by the upper-class literati of the Joseon society.

LPG is instrumental in providing off-the-grid refrigeration, usually by means of a gas absorption refrigerator.

Since this view values philosophy as a means to an end rather than as an end in itself, we might call it " instrumental optimism " about philosophy, as opposed to the " intrinsic optimism " already discussed.

For example, the suffix-lla as a locative means " on top ", but may function as an instrumental case, e. g. kirjoitan kynällä " I write with a pen ".

Prior to becoming ambassador, he was instrumental in establishing and maintaining the U. S .- Saudi Strategic Dialogue, which was initiated by King Abdullah and President Bush as a means to institutionalize relations between the two nations and deepen coordination on strategic, political and economic issues.

In his own words, " culture evolves as the amount of energy harnessed per capita per year is increased, or as the efficiency of the instrumental means of putting the energy to work is increased ".

The word Bhāgirathi literally means " caused by Bhagiratha ", a mythical Sagar Dynasty prince who was instrumental in bringing the river Ganges from the heavens on to the earth,

A cappella can also describe the practice of using just the vocal track ( s ) from a multitrack, instrumental recording to be remixed or put onto vinyl records for DJs.

In LS AAS background absorption can only be corrected using instrumental techniques, and all of them are based on two sequential measurements, firstly, total absorption ( atomic plus background ), secondly, background absorption only, and the difference of the two measurements gives the net atomic absorption.

Kekulé's idea of assigning certain atoms to certain positions within the molecule, and schematically connecting them using what he called their " Verwandtschaftseinheiten " (" affinity units ", now called " valences " or " bonds "), was based largely on evidence from chemical reactions, rather than on instrumental methods that could peer directly into the molecule, such as X-ray crystallography.

In genres which the non-vocal part is conceived using electronic media, the instrumental not necessarily has to be conceived by musical instruments, but is the term to refer to some composition or version that does not include vocals.

Chase describes music from this period, “ Taking the guitar as his instrumental model, and drawing his inspiration largely from the peculiar traits of Andalusian folk music – but without using actual folk themes – Albéniz achieves a stylization of Spanish traditional idioms that while thoroughly artistic, gives a captivating impression of spontaneous improvisation ... Cordoba is the piece that best represents the style of Albéniz in this period, with its hauntingly beautiful melody, set against the acrid dissonances of the plucked accompaniment imitating the notes of the Moorish guslas.

Although the term partido alto originally arose at the beginning of the 1900s to describe instrumental music, the term came to be used to signify a type of samba which is characterized by a highly percussive beat of pandeiro, using the palm of the hand in the center of the instrument in place.

Here his advances in opera and instrumental composing interacted: his increasingly sophisticated use of the orchestra in the symphonies and concertos influenced his operatic orchestration, and his developing subtlety in using the orchestra to psychological effect in his operas was in turn reflected in his later non-operatic compositions.

False inferences of causation due to reverse causation ( or wrong estimates of the magnitude of causation due the presence of bidirectional causation ) can be avoided by using explanators ( regressors ) that are necessarily exogenous, such as physical explanators like rainfall amount ( as a determinant of, say, futures prices ), lagged variables whose values were determined before the dependent variable's value was determined, instrumental variables for the explanators ( chosen based on their known exogeneity ), etc.

It was Satcom 1 that was instrumental in helping early cable TV channels such as WTBS ( now TBS Superstation ), HBO, CBN ( now ABC Family ), and The Weather Channel become successful, because these channels distributed their programming to all of the local cable TV headends using the satellite.

Scat singing gives singers the ability to sing improvised melodies and rhythms, to create the equivalent of an instrumental solo using their voice.

Cliff " Ukulele Ike " Edwards scatted an interlude on his 1923 " Old Fashioned Love " in lieu of using an instrumental soloist.

Alongside The Beatles and Martin, Wilson also pioneereed many production innovations-by 1964 he had developed Spector's techniques to a new level of sophistication, using multiple studios and multiple " takes " of instrumental and vocal components to capture the best possible combinations of sound and performance, and then using tape editing extensively to assemble a perfect composite performance from these elements.

On 23 January 1973, he released The Six Wives of Henry VIII, an instrumental concept album based on his interpretations of the musical characteristics of the wives of Henry VIII, using keyboard instruments.

Similar to singing without instrumental accompaniment, tap dancers are not dancing to any music but creating a rhythm by using different steps at the same time.

The policy change to a more liberalized economy is identified using SEZ variables as instrumental variables.

The 13-piece group still performs mostly instrumental jazz versions of Khan's qawwalis, using the instruments conventionally associated with jazz rather than those associated with qawwali.

He was instrumental in improving the nation-wide system of bishops by using his own local officials ( fogeder ) to collect tithes, a new tax, which were used to build the churches, hospitals and monasteries which were just beginning to be introduced into Denmark.

The instrumental of Ne-Yo's " Miss Independent " has become a popular riddim ; many dancehall artists have recorded songs using the track.

* Anton Webern: String Trio ( 1927 ), his first instrumental work using the twelve tone technique

In addition to the songwriting prowess of the writers and producers, one of the major factors in the widespread appeal of Motown's music was Gordy's practice of using a highly select and tight-knit group of studio musicians, collectively known as " The Funk Brothers ", to record the instrumental or " band " tracks of a majority of Motown recordings.

" The implication is that azimuth and / or elevation ‘ aiming ’ is done using instrumental methods.

Dub music is characterized by a " version " or " double " of an existing song, often instrumental, using B-sides of 45 RPM records and typically emphasizing the drums and bass for a sound popular in local sound systems.