The results of the study, based on collision integrals computed from the latest critically evaluated data on intermolecular forces in air, will be reported in the form of a table of viscosity, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusion, and diffusion coefficients at temperatures of 1,000 to 10,000 Af and of logarithm of pressure in atmospheres from Af to Af times normal density.

Ligand-protein affinities are influenced by non-covalent intermolecular interactions between the two molecules such as hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic and Van der Waals forces.

Ordinary matter takes its form as a result of intermolecular forces between individual molecules in matter.

This includes the forces we experience in " pushing " or " pulling " ordinary material objects, which come from the intermolecular forces between the individual molecules in our bodies and those in the objects.

A necessary part of understanding the intra-atomic to intermolecular forces is the effective force generated by the momentum of the electrons ' movement, and that electrons move between interacting atoms, carrying momentum with them.

For molecules of a liquid to evaporate, they must be located near the surface, be moving in the proper direction, and have sufficient kinetic energy to overcome liquid-phase intermolecular forces.

Fatty acids with long chains are more susceptible to intermolecular forces of attraction ( in this case, van der Waals forces ), raising its melting point.

This decreases intermolecular forces between the fat molecules, making it more difficult for unsaturated cis-fats to freeze ; they are typically liquid at room temperature.

This is due to hydrogen bonding dominating the intermolecular forces, which results in a packing of molecules less compact in the solid.

There are four types of attractive intermolecular forces:

FitzGerald then conjectured that Heaviside ’ s distortion result might be applied to a theory of intermolecular forces.

In this scenario, intermolecular forces between the solvent and monomer subunits dominate over intramolecular interactions.

The intermolecular forces in polymers can be affected by dipoles in the monomer units.

In a gas, the molecules have enough kinetic energy so that the effect of intermolecular forces is small ( or zero for an ideal gas ), and the typical distance between neighboring molecules is much greater than the molecular size.

Care must be taken, however, when using enthalpies of vaporization to measure the strength of intermolecular forces, as these forces may persist to an extent in the gas phase ( as is the case with hydrogen fluoride ), and so the calculated value of the bond strength will be too low.

These two definitions are equivalent: the boiling point is the temperature at which the increased entropy of the gas phase overcomes the intermolecular forces.

This law is strictly valid only under the assumption that intermolecular forces between unlike molecules are equal to those between similar molecules: the conditions of an ideal solution.

Comparing measured vapor pressures to predicted values from Raoult's law provides information about the true relative strength of intermolecular forces.

Raoult's Law is applicable only to non-electrolytes ( uncharged species ); it is most appropriate for non-polar molecules with only weak intermolecular attractions ( such as London forces ).

Solvation involves different types of intermolecular interactions: hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole, and dipole-dipole attractions or van der Waals forces.

This attractive force, along with other intermolecular forces ) is one of the principal factors responsible for the occurrence of surface tension in liquid water.

Surface energy quantifies the disruption of intermolecular bonds that occur when a surface is created.

Lehn was an early innovator in the field of supramolecular chemistry, i. e., the chemistry of host-guest molecular assemblies created by intermolecular interactions, and continues to innovate in this field.

In the gas phase sulfur dioxide is oxidized by reaction with the hydroxyl radical via an intermolecular reaction:

Though more than 99 % of the dry atmosphere is IR transparent ( because the main constituents — N < sub > 2 </ sub >, O < sub > 2 </ sub >, and Ar — are not able to directly absorb or emit infrared radiation ), intermolecular collisions cause the energy absorbed and emitted by the greenhouse gases to be shared with the other, non-IR-active, gases.

This statistical theory, proposed by Alfred Saupe and Wilhelm Maier, includes contributions from an attractive intermolecular potential from an induced dipole moment between adjacent liquid crystal molecules.

The structure of the S < sub > 8 </ sub > ring is virtually unchanged by this phase change, which affects the intermolecular interactions.

In addition to intra-and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, keratins have large amounts of the sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine, required for the disulfide bridges that confer additional strength and rigidity by permanent, thermally-stable crosslinking — a role sulfur bridges also play in vulcanized rubber.

The cohesion-tension theory is a theory of intermolecular attraction commonly observed in the process of water traveling upwards ( against the force of gravity ) through the xylem of plants which was put forward by John Joly and Henry Horatio Dixon.

The decreased volatility is attributed to the molecular polarity induced by the halides and the polarizability of halides, which induces intermolecular interactions.

Generally, a gas behaves more like an ideal gas at higher temperature and lower density ( i. e. lower pressure ), as the work performed by intermolecular forces becomes less significant compared with the particles ' kinetic energy, and the size of the molecules becomes less significant compared to the empty space between them.

In particular, the short average distances between molecules raises the intensity of intermolecular forces between gas molecules enough to substantially change the pressure exerted by them.

For example, while biology refers to macromolecules as the four large molecules comprising living things, in chemistry, the term may refer to aggregates of two or more molecules held together by intermolecular forces rather than covalent bonds but which do not readily dissociate.

A dimer is a chemical entity consisting of two structurally similar monomers joined by bonds that can be either strong or weak, covalent or intermolecular.

In some materials, these states are trapped, or arrested, for extended periods of time by localized defects, or imperfections, in the lattice interrupting the normal intermolecular or inter-atomic interactions in the crystal lattice.

The protein chains are held together by intermolecular hydrogen bonding, that is hydrogen bonding between amide groups of two separate chains.

Within these aggregates, monomers are linked to one another mostly by non-covalent interactions, although intermolecular disulfide bonds may also play a role in this process.

Clathrate complexes are various and include, for example, strong interaction via chemical bonds between host molecules and guest molecules, or guest molecules set in the geometrical space of host molecules by weak intermolecular force.

The thionium ion can be trapped by both intramolecular and intermolecular nucleophiles forming carbon-carbon bonds and carbon-heteroatom bonds.

The glutenins are protein aggregates of high molecular weight ( HMW ) and low molecular weight ( LMW ) subunits with molar masses from to a few million, which are stabilized by intermolecular disulfide bonds, hydrophobic interactions and other forces.

The longer chain serves to transfer load more effectively to the polymer backbone by strengthening intermolecular interactions.

Sonication can be used to speed dissolution, by breaking intermolecular interactions.

Although the possible connection between electrostatic and intermolecular forces was used by Lorentz as a plausibility argument, the contraction hypothesis was soon considered as purely ad hoc.