When a molten metal is mixed with another substance, there are two mechanisms that can cause an alloy to form, called atom exchange and the interstitial mechanism.

With the interstitial mechanism, one atom is usually much smaller than the other, so cannot successfully replace an atom in the crystals of the base metal.

This is referred to as an interstitial alloy.

Steel is an example of an interstitial alloy, because the very small carbon atoms fit into interstices of the iron matrix.

Stainless steel is an example of a combination of interstitial and substitutional alloys, because the carbon atoms fit into the interstices, but some of the iron atoms are replaced with nickel and chromium atoms.

A chemical anisotropic filter, as used to filter particles, is a filter with increasingly smaller interstitial spaces in the direction of filtration so that the proximal regions filter out larger particles and distal regions increasingly remove smaller pales, resulting in greater flow-through and more efficient filtration.

The periodic arrays of submicrometre spherical particles provide similar arrays of interstitial voids, which act as a natural diffraction grating for visible light waves, particularly when the interstitial spacing is of the same order of magnitude as the incident lightwave.

* A nearby pair of a vacancy and an interstitial is often called a Frenkel defect or Frenkel pair.

This is caused when an ion moves into an interstitial site and creates a vacancy.

This is neither a vacant site nor is the atom on an interstitial site and it is called a substitutional defect.

This is neither a vacancy nor an interstitial, nor an impurity.

For most practical purposes, the brain is dependent on a continual supply of glucose diffusing from the blood into the interstitial tissue within the central nervous system and into the neurons themselves.

A Harvard University study concluded, " the impact of interstitial cystitis on quality of life is severe and debilitating ".

There is a U. S. Patent 6150396 for the use of duloxetine for treatment of interstitial cystitis although one study found positive outcomes in only a small proportion of cases.

* 2002 In the U. S. A., the Social Security Act is amended to include interstitial cystitis as a disability: ' This Ruling explains that IC ( a complex, chronic bladder disorder ), when accompanied by appropriate symptoms, signs, and laboratory findings, is a medically determinable impairment that can be the basis for a finding of " disability "'.

The term " interstitial cystitis " is the primary term used in ICD-10 and MeSH.

The lymphatic system returns the interstitial fluid to the thoracic duct and then to the bloodstream, where it is recirculated back to the tissues.

The close-packed structures, which is a way to densely pack atoms while minimizing interstitial space.

Another potential adverse event of PPI administration is chronic interstitial nephritis leading to chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) and end-stage renal disease ( ESRD ).

Matrix is very fine material, which is present within interstitial pore space between the framework grains.

This body of common law, sometimes called " interstitial common law ," includes judicial interpretations of the Constitution, of statutes, and of regulations, and examples of application of law to facts.

Colloids preserve a high colloid osmotic pressure in the blood, and therefore, they should theoretically preferentially increase the intravascular volume, whereas other types of volume expanders called crystalloids also increases the interstitial volume and intracellular volume.

Originally called interstitial cystitis, this disorder was renamed to interstitial cystitis / bladder pain syndrome in the 2002-2010 timeframe.

The open circulatory system is a system in which fluid in a cavity called the hemocoel bathes the organs directly with oxygen and nutrients and there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid ; this combined fluid is called hemolymph or haemolymph.

This gas exchange system, where gases simply diffuse into and out of the interstitial fluid, is called integumentary exchange.

During the network's first decade on the air, Cinemax had also aired some original music programming, during the mid-to-late 1980s, upon the meteoric rise in popularity of MTV, Cinemax tried its hand at airing music videos by airing an interstitial between films called Max Tracks, it also ran music specials under the banner Cinemax Sessions during that same time period.

Also called hematopoietin or hemopoietin, it is produced by interstitial fibroblasts in the kidney in close association with peritubular capillary and tubular epithelial cells.

In males, where LH had also been called interstitial cell-stimulating hormone ( ICSH ), it stimulates Leydig cell production of testosterone.

They migrate through the blood vessels, then through interstitial tissue, following chemical signals such as Interleukin-8 ( IL-8 ), C5a, fMLP and Leukotriene B4 in a process called chemotaxis.

Dyspareunia is now believed to be one of the first symptoms of a disease called interstitial cystitis ( IC ).

However, this exchange is not direct but instead is effected through an intermediary called interstitial fluid or tissue fluid that the blood forms.

Water and solutes can pass between the interstitial fluid and blood via diffusion across gaps in capillary walls called intercellular clefts ; thus, the blood and interstitial fluid are in dynamic equilibrium with each other.

* Chest X-ray may show a characteristic patchy, subpleural, bibasilar interstitial infiltrates or small cystic radiolucencies called honeycombing.

His stories and novellas might be called interstitial or " slipstream " ( a term invented by the cyberpunk author Bruce Sterling ).

A bruise, also called a contusion, is a type of relatively minor hematoma of tissue in which capillaries and sometimes venules are damaged by trauma, allowing blood to seep into the surrounding interstitial tissues.

If the trauma is sufficient to break the skin and allow blood to escape the interstitial tissues, the injury is not a bruise but instead a different variety of hemorrhage called bleeding, although such injuries may be accompanied by bruising elsewhere.

The old, synthesized interstitial music that had been used since 1988 was also replaced with a more modern piece called " Opening Act ", from the defunct James & Aster music library.

Some of the small vessels were filled with fibrin thrombi, and there was extensive interstitial hemorrhage.

Some consider it a form of interstitial cystitis.

Some other side-effects of vancomycin are nephrotoxicity including renal failure and interstitial nephritis, blood disorders including neutropenia, and deafness, which is reversible once therapy has stopped.

* Some of the other types of fibrosis, such as nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis ( NSIP ), may respond to immunosuppressive therapy such as corticosteroids.

Some samples may contain a small amount of interstitial quartz and others may have a small percentage of calcium present in a sodic plagioclase feldspar.

Some steels are designed to remove the Cottrell atmosphere effect by removing all the interstitial atoms.

Some of these sounds are reflected back off the spaces between interstitial fluid and soft tissue or bone.