The aorta consists of a heterogeneous mixture of smooth muscle, nerves, intimal cells, endothelial cells, fibroblast-like cells, and a complex extracellular matrix.

with massive intimal fibrosis and vascular narrowing affecting often young or middle-aged women of Asian descent.

" The " pulseless phase " is characterized by vascular insufficiency from intimal narrowing of the vessels manifesting as arm or leg claudication, renal artery stenosis causing hypertension, and neurological manifestations due to decreased blood flow to the brain.

Surrounding the necrosis is a layer of palisading macrophages and fibroblasts, corresponding to the intimal layer in synovium and a cuff of connective tissue containing clusters of lymphocytes and plasma cells, corresponding to the subintimal zone in synovitis.

The dissection typically extends anterograde, but can extend retrograde from the site of the intimal tear.

The intimal cells are of two types, fibroblasts and macrophages, both of which are different in certain respects from similar cells in other tissues.

Local hemodynamics play an important role, higher blood pressure and changes in shear stress being potential causes of intimal thickening.

However non-atherosclerotic reactions may also exist, as in intimal hyperplasia and intimal fibrocellular hypertrophy, two different compensatory reactions of the arterial wall to changes in shear stress, which also consist in thickening of the arterial wall.

In general, wall thickening may be in the intimal layer or in the muscular, medial, layer.

Hence, thickening of the carotid arterial wall is due essentially to intimal thickening.

* International Journal of Web Engineering and Web Information Systems: http :// focit2. intimal. edu. my /~ IJWEWIS /

There is also irregular fibrosis of the blood vessels due to chronic vasculitis leading to sometimes massive intimal fibrosis ( fibrosis of the inner section of the blood vessels ).< ref name = kaplan > John Barone, M. D.

A tendinous band, called the tendon of the conus arteriosus, extends upward from the right atrioventricular fibrous ring and connects the posterior surface of the conus arteriosus to the aorta.

In human anatomy, the superior mesenteric artery ( SMA ) arises from the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta, just inferior to the origin of the celiac trunk, and supplies the intestine from the lower part of the duodenum through two-thirds of the transverse colon, as well as the pancreas.

The IMA branches off the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta below the renal artery branch points, and approximately midway between these and the aortic bifurcation ( into the common iliac arteries ), L3 vertebral level.

The finished -- and drastically cut -- product would begin with a hazy longshot of Joyce entering the suds, then bursting above the pool's surface clad in layers of lavender lather, and I had a hunch this item was going to sell tons and tons of soap ; ;

At the pool's far end was the little cabana Joyce had mentioned, and on the water's surface floated scattered lavender patches of limp-looking lather.

and Robinson Roy, who had gone down this line ten minutes before to set a new depth record for the free dive, was already back on the surface.

On the surface, the whole question was purely feudal.

`` I had natural sock '', he says, ' as a storyteller and was precociously good at description, dialogue, and most of the other staples of the fiction-writer's trade but I was bugged by a mammoth complex of thoughts and feelings that prevented me from doing more than just diddling the surface of sustained fiction-writing ''.

David Cortlandt had certain psychic intuitions that this rebellion was not wholly what it appeared on the surface.

The results of present observations of the thermal radio emission of the moon are consistent with the very low thermal conductivity of the surface layer which was derived from the variation in the infrared emission during eclipses ( e.g., Garstung, 1958 ).

In the observations at 4.3 mm ( Coates, 1959 ), the diameter of the antenna beam, 6'.7, was small enough to allow resolution of some of the larger features of the lunar surface, and contour diagrams have been made of the lunar brightness distribution at three lunar phases.

To reduce heat transfer from the hot gas to this anode holder outside the regime of the arc, a carbon shield was attached to the surface providing an air gap of 1/16 inch between the plate and the surface of the anode holder.

In addition, the inner surface of the carbon shield was covered with aluminum foil to reduce radiation.

The upper limit was determined by the difficulty of measuring the characteristic anode surface temperature ( see below ) since only a small region of the anode was struck by the arc.

To measure the surface temperature of the anode plug, the surface was scanned with a pyrometer.

The mean temperature of the surface was then computed according to the following relation: Af where x is the fraction of the plug area covered by the hot spot.

Assuming thermal equilibrium between the anode surface and the transpiring argon, the gas enthalpy rise through the anode was calculated according to the relation Af whereby the specific heat of argon was taken as Af.

The radiation loss from the anode surface was computed according to Af where Af is the mean of the fourth powers of the temperatures Af and Af calculated analogously to equation ( 1 ).

Following observation of the fact that the reaction rates of supposedly identical reaction mixtures prepared on the same filling manifold and exposed under identical conditions often differed by several hundred per cent, a systematic series of experiments was undertaken to see whether the difficulty could be ascribed to the method of preparing the chlorine, to the effects of oxygen or moisture or to the effect of surface to volume ratio in the reaction tubes.

The firm red spleen weighed 410 gm., and its surface was mottled by discrete, small patches of white material.

The liver weighed 2,090 gm., was brown in color, and the cut surface was mottled by irregular pale areas.

instead they divided the surface into many bands or covered it by all-over patterns into which freehand drawing began to creep.

It is a great undulating surface covered with plaster fragments of colored glass discs combined with 330 rounds of polychrome pottery.

The fraction of the solar surface covered by bright points varies with the solar cycle.

Rainforests once covered 14 % of the earth's land surface ; now they cover a mere 6 % and experts estimate that the last remaining rainforests could be consumed in less than 40 years.

They claim that that rainforests 50 years ago covered 14 % of the world's land surface, now only cover 5 – 7 %, and that all tropical forests will be gone by the middle of the 21st century.

Thus, a short path between the hot surface and the cold surface is necessary, typically by suspending a hot plate covered with a film of feed next to a cold plate with a line of sight in between.

During the first few days of the spill, heavy sheens of oil covered large areas of the surface of Prince William Sound.

These plant communities cover approximately 9. 4 percent of the Earth's surface ( or 30 percent of total land area ), though they once covered much more ( about 50 percent of total land area ), in many different regions and function as habitats for organisms, hydrologic flow modulators, and soil conservers, constituting one of the most important aspects of the biosphere.

Originally, the Great Pyramid was covered by casing stones that formed a smooth outer surface ; what is seen today is the underlying core structure.

The leaves are 2 – 5 cm long with a densely crinkled surface, and are covered in downy hairs.

Derived from the Tswana word Kgala, meaning " the great thirst ", or Khalagari, Kgalagadi or Kalagare, meaning " a waterless place ", the Kalahari has vast areas covered by red sand without any permanent surface water.

The mountainous districts of England, Wales, and Ireland were also considered to constitute centres for the dispersion of glacial debris ; and Agassiz remarked " that great sheets of ice, resembling those now existing in Greenland, once covered all the countries in which unstratified gravel ( boulder drift ) is found ; that this gravel was in general produced by the trituration of the sheets of ice upon the subjacent surface, etc.

Electron beam lithography ( often abbreviated as e-beam lithography ) is the practice of scanning a beam of electrons in a patterned fashion across a surface covered with a film ( called the resist ), (" exposing " the resist ) and of selectively removing either exposed or non-exposed regions of the resist (" developing ").

The images covered a discontinuous swath of Mars starting near 40 ° N, 170 ° E, down to about 35 ° S, 200 ° E, and then across to the terminator at 50 ° S, 255 ° E, representing about 1 % of the planet's surface.

71 percent of the Earth's surface is covered by salt-water oceans.

When it came to within 1 yd ( 1 m ) or so of the surface it was covered with gravel and tamped down, a process called pavire, or pavimentare.

At some period after its arrival in London, the inscriptions on the stone were coloured in white chalk to make them more legible, and the remaining surface was covered with a layer of carnauba wax designed to protect the Rosetta Stone from visitors ' fingers.

In the west, the elevation is about 600 meters, and the sand is fine and soft ; in the east, the elevation drops to about 180 meters, and much of the surface is covered by relatively stable sand sheets and salt flats.

Instead of a thermal protection system, its surface was primarily covered with simulated tiles made from polyurethane foam.

Externally, Columbia was the first orbiter in the fleet whose surface was mostly covered with High & Low Temperature Reusable Surface Insulation ( HRSI / LRSI ) tiles as its main thermal protection system ( TPS ), with white silicone rubber-painted Nomex — known as Felt Reusable Surface Insulation ( FRSI ) blankets — in some areas on the wings, fuselage and Payload Bay Doors.

Even if atmospheric algae could thrive in the hostile environment of Venus ' upper atmosphere, an even more insurmountable problem is that its atmosphere is simply far too thick — the high atmospheric pressure would result in an " atmosphere of nearly pure molecular oxygen " and cause the planet's surface to be thickly covered in fine graphite powder.