An off-shoot of this research resulted in Nobel's invention of ballistite, the precursor of many modern smokeless powder explosives and still used as a rocket propellant.

There is no contemporary evidence that Alfred and Guthrum agreed upon a formal treaty at this time ; the so-called Treaty of Wedmore is an invention of modern historians.

The invention of the bicycle has had an enormous effect on society, both in terms of culture and of advancing modern industrial methods.

* A Sam Browne belt is a modern invention similar in function to the baldric.

During colonial times, the Spanish decided that El Salvador would produce and export indigo, but after the invention of synthetic dyes in the 19th century, Salvadoran authorities and the newly created modern state turned to coffee as the main export of the economy.

The growth of republics and liberal democracies, the spread of secularism, the development of modern ideologies, and the invention of total war all mark their birth during the Revolution.

Having noted the current use of many, often contradictory, definitions of feudalism, she argued that the word is only a construct with no basis in medieval reality, an invention of modern historians read back " tyrannically " into the historical record.

Jordanes reports that the Huns were led at this time by Balamber while modern historians question his existence, seeing instead an invention by the Goths to explain who defeated them.

His invention of mechanical movable type printing started the Printing Revolution and is widely regarded as the most important event of the modern period.

The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and his historical existence is debated and disputed by modern historians.

* Peter Burke, The invention of leisure in early modern Europe, Past & Present, February 1995

Sand in the jumping pit is a modern invention ( Miller, 66 ).

With the invention of modern myths such as urban legends, the mythological traditional will carry on to the increasing variety of mediums available to the consumer in the 21st century and beyond.

The modern study of mineralogy was founded on the principles of crystallography ( the origins of geometric crystallography, itself, can be traced back to the mineralogy practiced in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ) and to the microscopic study of rock sections with the invention of the microscope in the 17th century.

The field of numerical analysis predates the invention of modern computers by many centuries.

Most of them had evidently been based on unsourced rumours relayed as fact by much later commentators, such as Jaubert ( 1656 ), Guynaud ( 1693 ) and Bareste ( 1840 ), on modern misunderstandings of the 16th century French texts, or on pure invention.

The New Left was also marked by the invention of the modern environmentalist movement, which clashed with the Old Left's disregard for the environment in favor of preserving the jobs of union workers.

The invention of the piston and rotary valve by Heinrich Stölzel and Friedrich Blühmel, both Silesians, in 1815, was the first in a series of innovations, including the development of modern keywork for the flute by Theobald Boehm and the innovations of Adolphe Sax in the woodwinds.

These would remain the only known planets until the invention of the telescope in early modern times.

Throughout modern history various innovations were used to apply or indicate that postage has been paid on a mailed item and as such the invention of the postage stamp has been credited to several different people.

The study of semiconductors led to the invention of the diode and the transistor, which are indispensable parts of modern electronics systems and devices.

A modern invention, the bow quiver attaches directly to the bow's limbs and holds the arrows steady with a clip of some kind.

Science () is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe .< ref >"... modern science is a discovery as well as an invention.

With the invention of gunpowder, cannon and ( in modern times ) mortars and howitzers, the traditional methods of defence became less effective against a determined siege.

Hammond had intended his invention to be an affordable substitute for pipe organs, as a replacement for the piano in middle-class homes, and as an instrument for radio broadcasting.

The 19th century saw the invention of " programmable " looms and player piano scrolls, both of which implemented examples of domain-specific languages.

During the baroque period, before the invention of the piano, keyboard concertos were comparatively rare, with the exception of the organ and some harpsichord concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach.

Today, the invention is a standard feature of grand piano construction.

In the 1920s, a new invention was presented, the Luthéal, which extended the register possibilities of a piano to its maximum, producing cimbalon-like sounds in some registers, exploiting harmonics of the strings when pulling other register-stops, and also some registers making other objects, which were lowered just above the strings, resound.

The idea of using pinned barrels to operate percussion mechanisms ( such as striking bells in a clock ) was perfected long before the invention of the piano.

The piano is thus an unusual case in which an important invention can be ascribed unambiguously to a single individual, who brought it to an unusual degree of perfection all on his own.

At the time of its origin around the year 1700, the piano was a speculative invention, produced by the well-paid craftsman and inventor Bartolomeo Cristofori for his wealthy patron Ferdinando de Medici, Grand Prince of Florence.

For some time after its invention, the piano was largely owned by royalty ( e. g. the kings of Portugal and Prussia ); see Fortepiano for details.

Fortepiano designates the early version of the piano, from its invention by the Italian instrument maker Bartolomeo Cristofori around 1700 up to the early 19th century.

Both are abbreviations of Cristofori's original name for his invention: gravecembalo col di piano e forte, " harpsichord with soft and loud ".

His workmanship is meticulous, his imagination colourful and sensitive, his piano writing idiomatic ; a lush instrumentation underlines the essential sentimentality of the melodic invention.

The invention of the solo piano recital has been attributed to Franz Liszt.

Tymon Dogg ( born Stephen John Murray in Formby, Lancashire, England ) is a highly idiosyncratic English singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist, playing piano, violin, guitar, oud and a harp of his own invention.

We are desperately in the need of such invention, for man is still very much at the mercy of man.

`` The confusion is not my invention.

A broader concept of imitation is needed, one which acknowledges that true invention is important, that the artist's creativity in part transcends the non-artistic causal factors out of which it arises.

Accordingly, it is the aim of this essay to advance a new theory of imitation ( which I shall call mimesis in order to distinguish it from earlier theories of imitation ) and a new theory of invention ( which I shall call symbol for reasons to be stated hereafter ).

As long as perception is seen as composed only of isolated sense data, most of the quality and interconnectedness of existence loses its objectivity, becomes an invention of consciousness, and the result is a philosophical scepticism.

`` My personal view is that not one patented invention in ten is worth making '', he later told a Congressional committee.

In the context of patent law and specifically in prior art searches, searching through abstracts is a common way to find relevant prior art document to question to novelty or inventive step ( or non-obviousness in United States patent law ) of an invention.

It condemned him for his invention of dynamite and is said to have brought about his decision to leave a better legacy after his death.

Scholars are unsure how much of Aristophanes ' portrayal is fact and how much mere comic invention.

The concept and theory of Kolmogorov Complexity is based on a crucial theorem first discovered by Ray Solomonoff, who published it in 1960, describing it in " A Preliminary Report on a General Theory of Inductive Inference " as part of his invention of algorithmic probability.

His promotion of it was so extensive that he is often credited with its invention, even though a machine operating in the same principle was described in 1762 by Swedish professor Johan Wilcke.

Parkinson challenges the argument from moral objectivity by arguing that, for the argument to be successful, it must be shown that morality is objective and commanded by God, rather than just a human invention.

Perhaps Grothendieck's deepest single accomplishment is the invention of the étale and l-adic cohomology theories, which explain an observation of André Weil's that there is a deep connection between the topological characteristics of a variety and its diophantine ( number theoretic ) properties.

Its invention is credited to the Celts, the Romans were thought to have adopted their design.

Finally, in 1740 the French astronomer Jacques Cassini, who is traditionally credited with the invention of year zero, completed the transition in his Tables astronomiques, simply labeling this year 0, which he placed at the end of Julian years labeled avant Jesus-Christ ( before Jesus Christ or BC ), and immediately before Julian years labeled après Jesus-Christ ( after Jesus Christ or AD ).

It is unclear whether the word dates back to the 5th century and was used by the kings themselves, or whether it is a later, 9th-century, invention.

There is no evidence for this and it is probably a post World War II invention.