* That the discipline grew out of colonialism, perhaps was in league with it, and derived some of its key notions from it, consciously or not.

Gibbs coined the term " statistical mechanics " and introduced key concepts in the corresponding mathematical description of physical systems, including the notions of chemical potential ( 1876 ), statistical ensemble ( 1878 ), and phase space ( 1901 ).

The use of infinitesimals to compute rates of change was developed significantly by Bhāskara II ( 1114 – 1185 ); indeed, it has been argued that many of the key notions of differential calculus can be found in his work, such as " Rolle's theorem ".

Icos design aesthetics were guided by three key notions: to make a game that would be different from others in the genre, feature an aesthetic style that would be consistently artistic, and play out in an imaginary yet realistic setting.

According to Lacoste every issue ( conflictual situation whether it is local or global ) is to be apprehended through three key notions:

The notions of key and absolute pitch are deeply rooted in Western music, whereas the Carnatic notation does not specify the key and prefers to use scale degrees ( relative pitch ) to denote notes.

Franklin & Graesser ( 1997 ) discuss four key notions that distinguish agents from arbitrary programs: reaction to the environment, autonomy, goal-orientation and persistence.

Such themes include: an acceptance of the state as the key actor in international politics, the centrality of notions of Westphalian sovereignty, a belief in the enduring relevance and legitimacy of armed force as a guarantor of security, and the proposition that the status quo in international affairs should only be changed peacefully.

Typically their software challenges the traditional notions of functionality and efficiency as key selling points of proprietary software, instead focussing on the role of the author / artist as a creative role.

As a result, within the collective Australian psyche, the campaign and particularly the role of the 39th Battalion, has become a key part of modern notions of the Anzac legend, indeed, the Battle of Isurava has been described as " Australia's Thermopylae ".

In its classic definition, by François-Louis Ganshof ( 1944 ), feudalism describes a set of reciprocal legal and military obligations among the warrior nobility, revolving around the three key concepts of lords, vassals, and fiefs.

Hash functions are primarily used in hash tables, to quickly locate a data record ( for example, a dictionary definition ) given its search key ( the headword ).

A key factor in knitting is stitch definition, corresponding to how well complicated stitch patterns can be seen when made from a given yarn.

Adapting a definition from the Wisconsin Online Resource Center, Robert J. Beck suggests that learning objects have the following key characteristics:

The definition and classification of mental disorders is a key issue for researchers as well as service providers and those who may be diagnosed.

The nature and definition of matter-like other key concepts in science and philosophy-have occasioned much debate.

Austin explicates key definitions from both the Compendious ( 1806 ) and American ( 1828 ) dictionaries and brings into its discourse a range of concerns including the politics of American English, the question of national identity and culture in the early moments of American independence, and the poetics of citation and of definition.

Neither urea nor oxalic acid is organic by this definition, yet they were two key compounds in the vitalism debate.

A candidate key is a unique identifier enforcing that no tuple will be duplicated ; this would make the relation into something else, namely a bag, by violating the basic definition of a set.

According to the same report, the above definition contains within it two key concepts:

While the definition and scope of thealogy is currently being defined by the key scholars in the field, thealogy is generally understood as a discourse that reflects upon the meaning of Goddess and Her relationship to life forms.

The science of ornithology has a long history and studies on birds have helped develop several key concepts in evolution, behaviour and ecology such as the definition of species, the process of speciation, instinct, learning, ecological niches, guilds, island biogeography, phylogeography and conservation.

The essential elements of CoSGOP are analysis of stakeholders ( identifying stakeholders ’ perceptions of problems, interests, and expectations ); analysis of problems and potentials ( including objective problems and problems and potentials perceived by stakeholders ); development of goals, improvement priorities, and alternatives ( requiring intensive communication and active stakeholder participation ); specification of an improvement program and its main activities ( based on priorities defined with the stakeholders ); assessment of possible impacts of the improvement program ; definition and detailed specification of key projects and their implementation ; continuous monitoring of improvement activities, feedback, and adjustment of the programme ( including technical and economic information and perceptions of stakeholders ).

Socrates generally applied his method of examination to concepts that seem to lack any concrete definition ; e. g., the key moral concepts at the time, the virtues of piety, wisdom, temperance, courage, and justice.

See Euler's theorem. The totient function also plays a key role in the definition of the RSA encryption system.

A key issue in the definition of any ACL-based security model is determining how access control lists are edited, namely which users and processes are granted ACL-modification access.

It could therefore be argued that a key problem that evaluators face is the lack of a clear definition of evaluation, which may " underline why program evaluation is periodically called into question as an original process, whose primary function is the production of legitimate and justified judgments which serve as the bases for relevant recommendations.

Either the audience must already know the meaning of the key term ( s ), or the definition is deficient in including the term ( s ) to be defined in the definition itself.

The key concept for the explanation of this phenomenon through the second law of thermodynamics is the definition of a new physical property, the entropy.

Intent is the key element in understanding the military definition as it relates to target selection and prosecution.

Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S. & Taha, Z. in their recent ( 2009 ) literature review paper, added two key issues to definition of a virtual team “ as small temporary groups of geographically, organizationally and / or time dispersed knowledge workers who coordinate their work predominantly with electronic information and communication technologies in order to accomplish one or more organization tasks ”.

The spiral model is based on continuous refinement of key products for requirements definition and analysis, system and software design, and implementation ( the code ).

Austin explicates key definitions from both the Compendious ( 1806 ) and American ( 1828 ) dictionaries and brings into its discourse a range of concerns including the politics of American English, the question of national identity and culture in the early moments of American independence, and the poetics of citation and of definition.

I have just asked these questions in the Pentagon, in the White House, in offices of key scientists across the country and aboard the submarines that prowl for months underwater, with neat rows of green launch tubes which contain Polaris missiles and which are affectionately known as `` Sherwood Forest ''.

Among measures in anticipation of crisis are plans to inject into the turmoil as assistants of key decision makers qualified persons who are cognizant of the corrosive effect of crisis upon personal relationships and are also able to raise calm and realistic voices when overburdened leaders near the limit of self-control.

The long-range objective is to bring about consolidation of ownership through use of land exchange authority and through purchase on a moderate scale of inholdings which comprise key tracts for recognized National Forest programs such as recreation development, or which are a source of damage to lands in National Forests and National Grasslands.

Here are some key areas to examine to make sure your pricing strategy will be on target:

Over a relatively short period of time, usually about four to twelve weeks, the worker must be able to shift the focus, back and forth, between immediate external stressful exigencies ( `` precipitating stress '' ) and the key, emotionally relevant issues ( `` underlying problem '' ) which are, often in a dramatic preconscious breakthrough, reactivated by the crisis situation, and hence once again amenable to resolution.

Similarities to the approach which I have described are evident in the prompt establishment of a helping relationship, quick appraisal of key issues, and the immediate mobilization of treatment plans as the essential dynamics in helping to further the ego's coping efforts in dealing with the interplay of inner and outer stresses.

The soldiers are fighting and the Americans are helping, he said, but in the fight against the Pathet Lao the key factor is the villager himself.

Mr. Schaefer also recommended that the snow emergency route plan, under which parking is banned on key streets and cars are required to use snow tires or chains on them, should be `` strictly enforced ''.

It might be argued that the Communists are less inhuman than the Nazis and furnish the artist with drama in a lower key.

Lower costs and a larger number of stations are the key factors making such specialization possible.

Our key salesmen are in appliances and cosmetics ''.

Respecting ethnicity and family beliefs are key to a family-centered and ethnically competent approach.

The key words here are fair and eventually-if characters ' ranks are close, and the weaker character has obtained some advantage, then the weaker character can escape defeat or perhaps prevail.

The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

A set of reverse rounds are applied to transform ciphertext back into the original plaintext using the same encryption key.

# KeyExpansion — round keys are derived from the cipher key using Rijndael's key schedule

The design and strength of all key lengths of the AES algorithm ( i. e., 128, 192 and 256 ) are sufficient to protect classified information up to the SECRET level.

A key concept in thermodynamics, many rapid chemical and physical processes are described or approximated in this way.

The Book of Amos contains several different key activities and genres which are used to expound upon its themes.

A key point which is often overlooked is that published lower bounds for problems are often given for a model of computation that is more restricted than the set of operations that you could use in practice and therefore there are algorithms that are faster than what would naively be thought possible.