The kings of France and England indeed regularly practiced the ritual.

Other correspondents include her various confessors, among them Raymond of Capua, the kings of France and Hungary, the infamous mercenary John Hawkwood, the Queen of Naples, members of the Visconti family of Milan, and numerous religious figures.

The kings of the Ancien Régime and the July Monarchy used the title Empereur de France in diplomatic correspondence and treaties with the Ottoman emperor from at least 1673 onwards.

The " land of Francia ," from which France gets its name, had high points of expansion under kings Clovis I and Charlemagne.

Although the Normans were now both vassals of the French kings and their equals as kings of England, their zone of political activity remained centered in France.

The two kings maintained a friendly relationship, meeting in 1206 and 1207, until it was rumoured in 1209 that William was intending to ally himself with Philip II of France.

After meeting in Acre in June, the crusading kings Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany agreed with Melisende, Baldwin III and the major nobles of the kingdom to attack Damascus.

The king of France was regarded as a primus inter pares among the kings and rulers of the continent.

Indeed, the official Latin title of the kings of France was Rex Francorum, i. e. " king of the Franks " ( until Louis ' grand-father's reign, Philip II whose seal reads Rex Franciae, i. e. " king of France "), and the kings of France were also known by the title " most Christian king " ( Rex Christianissimus ).

Because of the aura of holiness attached to his memory, many kings of France were called Louis, especially in the Bourbon dynasty, which directly descended from one of his younger sons.

In 1924 he published one of his most famous works Les rois thaumaturges: étude sur le caractère surnaturel attribué à la puissance royale particulièrement en France et en Angleterre ( translated in English as The magic-working kings or The royal touch: sacred monarchy and scrofula in England and France ) in which he collected, described and studied the documents pertaining to the ancient tradition that the kings of the Middle Ages were able to cure the disease of scrofula simply by touching people suffering from it.

The kings of France and England indeed regularly practised the ritual.

He and the French popes who succeeded him were completely under the influence of the kings of France.

In France, the process of centralizing royal power and developing a genuine national state began with the Capetian kings.

Innocent III sent Peter of Capua to the kings France and England with specific instructions to convince them to settle their differences.

But other branches of his family tree delved even further into French history, and the annals of both sides of his family included nobles of various stations, military leaders, and associates of kings and princes of France.

The Annals of Wales continued to recognize the kings of Northumbria as ' Kings of the Saxons ' ( i. e. the English ) until the death of Osred I of Northumbria in 716.

In each of the hundreds of states that eventually arose, local strongmen held most of the political power and continued their subservience to the Zhou kings in name only.

The Avignon Papacy occurring several centuries after the Concordat indicated there was continued interference in the papacy by kings.

Wars with the Viking kings in Britain and Ireland continued during Donald's reign and he was probably killed fighting yet more Vikings at Dunnottar in the Mearns in 900.

Because responsibility for collecting taxes lay in the hands of the gentry, the English kings needed the help of that stratum of society in order to ensure a continued stream of revenue.

Both Henry II and Richard had argued that kings possessed a quality of " divine majesty "; John continued this trend and claimed an " almost imperial status " for himself as ruler.

This new practice was continued under his successor Psusennes II and the twenty-first dynasty kings.

They also renewed the pact between the Popes and the kings of the Franks, confirming the privileges of the Roman church, and the continued existence of the recently emerged Papal States.

Much of the eastern part of the empire was conquered by the Parthians under Mithridates I of Parthia in the mid-2nd century BC, yet the Seleucid kings continued to rule a rump state from Syria until the invasion by Armenian king Tigranes the Great and their ultimate overthrow by the Roman general Pompey.

The security and continued prosperity of the wealthy estate must have necessitated formal ties with local kings or chieftains, which explains the adoption of the distinctly Thracian royal name " Όloros " into the family.

The Ur empire continued through the reigns of three more kings with Semitic Akkadian names, Amar-Sin, Shu-Sin, and Ibbi-Sin.

Scandinavian predation in Christian lands around the North Sea and the Irish Sea diminished markedly. Kilmuir, Skye | Blar a ' Bhuailte, site of the Vikings ' last stand in Skye The kings of Norway continued to assert power in parts of northern Britain and Ireland, and raids continued into the 12th century, but the military ambitions of Scandinavian rulers were now directed toward new paths.

Tamar continued to be styled as mep ’ et ’ a mep ’ e – " king of kings ".

Even after this the foreign presence was minimal and the kings continued to rule much as before.

Æthelfrith's brother was among the dead, but Áedán was defeated, and the Bernician kings continued their advances in southern Scotland.

War continued under subsequent kings as the Elamite ruler Shutruk-Nahhunte conquered most of Babylonia and finally overthrew the Kassites.

Five kings took the name Hormizd and Bahram II created the title of " Ohrmazd-mowbad " which was continued after the fall of the Sassanid Empire and through the Islamic times.

Sumer was conquered by the Semitic-speaking kings of the Akkadian Empire around 2270 BC ( short chronology ), but Sumerian continued as a sacred language.

Frederick's Hohenstaufen descendants continued to rule as kings of Jerusalem until 1268 when Hugh III of Cyprus claimed the title and its territory of Acre for himself upon the death of Conrad III of Jerusalem, thus uniting the two kingdoms.

The territory in Palestine was finally lost while Henry II was king in 1291, but the kings of Cyprus continued to claim the title.

The kings of Porto-Novo continued to rule in the city, both officially and unofficially, until the death of the last king, Alohinto Gbeffa, in 1976.

Brown writes that James had come to power after ' fifty years when kings looked like magnates and magnates acted like kings ' and succeeded in completely changing both the aims and outlook of the monarchy but at the cost of his own life — his policy of reducing the power and influence of the magnates, continued by his son James II, led to a more subordinate nobility.

" Susa continued as a winter capital and residence for Achaemenid kings succeeding Darius the Great, Xerxes I, and their successors.

Although the custom of primogeniture, under which an eldest son would inherit all his father's lands, was slowly becoming more widespread across Europe, it was less popular amongst the Norman kings of England.

King John, however, was deeply infatuated with his young, beautiful wife ; he neglected his state affairs to spend time with Isabella, often remaining in bed with her until noon, although it was the custom for kings to rise at five o ' clock in the morning to commence their duties.

The modern peerage system is a vestige of the custom of English kings in the 12th and 13th centuries ; in the late 14th century, this right ( or " title ") began to be granted by decree, and titles also became inherited with the rest of an estate under the system of primogeniture.

Since the fall of the Roman Empire, the Frankish kings had always shown a certain deference to the Byzantine Emperor, but Theudebert rejected his status as an inferior leader: for example, he broke imperial custom by minting gold coins containing his own image.

* By custom, kings in Macedonia assert their right to the throne by burying their predecessor.

By custom, kings in Macedonia asserted their right to the throne by burying their predecessor.

By custom, kings in Macedon asserted their right to the throne by burying their predecessor.

It was the custom at that time that he who gave an heirship-feast after kings or jarls, and entered upon the heritage, should sit upon the footstool in front of the high

" The kings of deccan also have a custom when they will honor a man or recompence their service done, and raise him to dignity and honor.

At his wedding to his sixth wife, Philip's enthroned image was carried in procession among the Olympian gods ; " his example at Aigai became a custom, passing to the Macedonian kings who were later worshipped in Greek Asia, from them to Julius Caesar and so to the emperors of Rome ".

* Monarchy — In a monarchy, the divine right of kings establishes the political legitimacy of the rule of the Monarch ( King or Queen ); legitimacy also derives from the popular perception ( tradition and custom ) and acceptance of him or her as the rightful ruler of nation and country.

According to the custom of the time for those who inherited kings and jarls, Ingjald rested at the footstool until the Bragebeaker was brought in.

Like all Merovingian kings, Chlodio had long hair as a ritual custom.

Assembled in the parlements, the largely hereditary members, the provincial noblesse de robe, were the strongest decentralising force in a France that was more multifarious in its legal systems, taxation, and custom than it might have seemed under the apparent unifying rule of its kings.

From the custom of genuflecting to kings and other nobles arose the custom by which lay people or clergy of lesser rank genuflect to a prelate and kiss his episcopal ring, as a sign of acceptance of the bishop's apostolic authority as representing Christ in the local church.

He was gladly welcomed and the kings sat with one woman each as was the custom, while the others formed a single group.

But there appears to have been the custom of the individual kings uniting under the leadership of a single king in military expeditions.

Diogenes Laertius even goes so far as to claim that Chilon was also the first person who introduced the custom of joining the ephors to the kings as their counselors.

Some have speculated that " according to the examples of the Romans " simply meant that Æthelberht had decided to cast the law in writing, whereas previously it had always been a matter of unwritten tradition and custom, handed down through generations through oral transmission, and supplemented by the edicts of kings.

This custom of the Merovingian rulers was taken as a precedent by the French kings for rewarding laymen with abbeys, or giving them to bishops in commendam.

Even after gaining independence from the Sultans of Bengal, the Arakanese kings continued the custom of maintaining Muslim titles.

This created a custom that was passed on to all kings, that all can be pardoned after recognizing the error of his ways.

Cluny spread the custom of veneration of the king as patron and support of the Church, and in turn the conduct of 11th-century kings, and their spiritual outlook, appeared to undergo a change.