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: The knowledge base underlying the INTERNIST system is composed of two basic types of elements: disease entities and manifestations .... also contains a ... hierarchy of disease categories, organized primarily around the concept of organ systems, having at the top level such categories as " liver disease ," " kidney disease ," etc.
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knowledge and base
Work of scientific merit is possible, however, and many amateurs successfully contribute to the knowledge base of professional astronomers.
Methods may incorporate or base themselves on traditional medicine, folk knowledge, spiritual beliefs, or newly conceived approaches to healing.
Formal programs conducted by universities are often used to build a knowledge base to drive curricula in sociology and community studies.
:: A knowledge base ( abbreviated KB, kb or Δ ) is a special kind of database for knowledge management, providing the means for the computerized collection, organization, and retrieval of knowledge.
Work on " Skilled Memory and Expertise " by Anders Ericsson and James J. Staszewski confronts the paradox of expertise and claims that people not only acquire content knowledge as they practice cognitive skills, they also develop mechanisms that enable them to use a large and familiar knowledge base efficiently.
Although it is difficult to maintain a pure and strict essentialist-only curriculum, these schools have the central aim of establishing a common knowledge base for all citizens.
Secular perennialists espouse the idea that education should focus on the historical development of a continually developing common western base of human knowledge and art, the timeless value of classic thought on central human issues by landmark thinkers, and revolutionary ideas critical to historical western paradigm shifts or changes in world view.
It is divided into two parts, one fixed, independent of the expert system: the inference engine, and one variable: the knowledge base.
To run an expert system, the engine reasons about the knowledge base like a human.
This software showed a radical innovation: it used propositional logic (" Zeroth order logic ") to execute expert systems, reasoning on a knowledge base written with everyday language rules, producing explanations and detecting logic contradictions between the facts.
In expert system technology, the knowledge base is expressed with natural language rules IF ... THEN ... For examples:
With logic, the engine is able to generate new information from the knowledge contained in the rule base and data to be processed.
The expert system uses a rule base, unlike conventional programs, which means that the volume of knowledge to program is not a major concern.
It also depends on the size of knowledge base.
There exists software capable of interviewing a true expert on a subject and automatically writing the rule base, or knowledge base, from the answers.
In the construction and maintenance of the system there are two other roles: the problem domain expert who builds the system and supplies the knowledge base, and a knowledge engineer who assists the experts in determining the representation of their knowledge, enters this knowledge into an explanation module and who defines the inference technique required to solve the problem.
When these rules are created from domain expertise, the knowledge base stores the rules of the expert system.
When the " patient " exceeded the very small knowledge base,
knowledge and underlying
* Faith as underlying rationality: In this view, all human knowledge and reason is seen as dependent on faith: faith in our senses, faith in our reason, faith in our memories, and faith in the accounts of events we receive from others.
The primary weakness of this analogy is the inclusion of script kiddies in the popular usage of " hacker ", despite the lack of an underlying skill and knowledge base.
Therefore, the underlying reason for gay behavior, he argues, must be to rebel against God, to wish to do something forbidden ( perhaps, implying some innate knowledge of its forbidden nature ).
The KR can be made to be independent of the underlying knowledge model or knowledge base system ( KBS ) such as a semantic network.
Nonetheless, only the limitations of an underlying knowledge base affect the ease with which inferences may ultimately be made ( once the appropriate KR has been found ).
Learning sciences research is revealing the deeper underlying basis of how knowledge construction works.
Medical practice properly requires both a detailed knowledge of the academic disciplines ( such as anatomy and physiology ) underlying diseases and their treatment – the science of medicine – and also a decent competence in its applied practice – the art or craft of medicine.
They combined their knowledge of pyroelectricity with their understanding of the underlying crystal structures that gave rise to pyroelectricity to predict crystal behavior, and demonstrated the effect using crystals of tourmaline, quartz, topaz, cane sugar, and Rochelle salt ( sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate ).
The Presocratic thinkers present a discourse concerned with key-areas of philosophical inquiry such as being and the cosmos, the primary stuff of the universe, the structure and function of the human soul, and the underlying principles governing perceptible phenomena, human knowledge and morality.
Thermometers can be divided into two separate groups according to the level of knowledge about the physical basis of the underlying thermodynamic laws and quantities.
The work explores how man came to be an object of knowledge, arguing that all periods of history have possessed certain underlying conditions of truth that constituted what was acceptable as scientific discourse.
Conceptually, the language production of each person, the idiolect, is unique ; linguists disagree what underlying knowledge of a language, or of a given dialect, is shared among the speakers.
The aim of teaching was to convey a knowledge of halakha ( Jewish law ), obedience to which manifested the acceptance of the underlying religious principles ; namely, the existence of God and the mission of Israel as the people of God's covenant.
A grammar that achieves explanatory adequacy has the additional property that it gives an insight into the underlying linguistic structures in the human mind ; that is, it does not merely describe the grammar of a language, but makes predictions about how linguistic knowledge is mentally represented.
A knowledge of the underlying rock structure helps trained geophysicists to predict the location of mineral deposits.
One reason for the continued popularity of bloodletting ( and purging ) was that, while anatomical knowledge, surgical and diagnostic skills increased tremendously in Europe from the 17th century, the key to curing disease remained elusive, and the underlying belief was that it was better to give any treatment than nothing at all.
In the absence of knowledge of the underlying process, a PID controller has historically been considered to be the best controller.
* Johann Heinrich Lambert ( 1728 – 1777 ) ( mathematician, physician and philosopher ) known for the theory of appearances underlying empirical knowledge.
To obtain a better understanding of how to prune plants properly, it is useful to have some underlying knowledge of how pruning works, and how it affects the way in which plants grow.
Today, Posidonius seems to be recognized as having had an inquiring and wide-ranging mind, not entirely original, but with a breadth of view that connected, in accordance with his underlying Stoic philosophy, all things and their causes and all knowledge into an overarching, unified world view.
* is multidisciplinary in character, and rooted in the knowledge base of the underlying disciplines ;
The KR can be made to be independent of the underlying knowledge model or knowledge base system ( KBS ) such as a semantic network.
knowledge and system
The problem is rather to find out what is actually happening, and this is especially difficult for the reason that `` we are busily being defended from a knowledge of the present, sometimes by the very agencies -- our educational system, our mass media, our statesmen -- on which we have had to rely most heavily for understanding of ourselves ''.
The Nassau system recognizes that its major task it to broaden reference service, what with the constant expansion of education and knowledge, and the pressure of population growth in a metropolitan area.
Korzybski's work argued that human knowledge of the world is limited both by the human nervous system and by the structure of language.
Van Vogt was always interested in the idea of all-encompassing systems of knowledge ( akin to modern meta-systems ) -- the characters in his very first story used a system called ' Nexialism ' to analyze the alien's behaviour, and he became interested in the General Semantics of Alfred Korzybski.
The oldest undisputed evidence of the use of astrology as an integrated system of knowledge is therefore attributed to the records of the first dynasty of Mesopotamia ( 1950 – 1651 BCE ).
A person who has mastered great amounts of knowledge of the grammars, rules, & language of an art-form are adepts ( Daksha ), whereas those who have worked through the whole system and journeyed ahead of these to become a law unto themselves is called a Mahana.
The increased knowledge of anatomy, morphology and life cycles, led to the realization that there were more natural affinities between plants than the sexual system of Linnaeus indicated.
Charles Sanders Peirce, who had read Kant closely and who also had some knowledge of Aristotle, proposed a system of merely three phenomenological categories: Firstness, Secondness, and Thirdness, which he repeatedly invoked in his subsequent writings.
Heisenberg never used the term collapse, preferring to speak of the wavefunction representing our knowledge of a system, and collapse as the " jumping " of the wavefunction to a new state, representing a " jump " in our knowledge which occurs once a particular phenomenon is registered by the experimenter ( i. e. when an observation takes place ).
:< u > The Copenhagen Interpretation </ u >: The wave function reflects our knowledge of the system.
Applied to language as the primary mental knowledge representation system, cognitive psychology has exploited tree and network mental models.
* Cyc, a long running project with the aim to create a knowledge-based system that provides a huge amount of common sense knowledge
As well as teaching knowledge about democracy, parliament, government, the justice system, human rights and the UK's relations with the wider world, students participate in active citizenship, often involving a social action or social enterprise in their local community.
As a result, focus is shifting back to the mechanical engineering discipline, as intimate knowledge of the physical system being controlled is often desired.
Caste systems dissolve away, according to Ross, when all individuals have freedom, knowledge and a social system that gives free play to competition.
Generic intermediate system: simple router with no knowledge of mobility issues
2. mobile data intermediate system: specialized intermediate systemthat routes data based on its knowledge of the current location of Mobile end system.
It did not catch on as did Dewey's system because Cutter died before it was completely finished, making no provision for the kind of development necessary as the bounds of knowledge expanded and scholarly emphases changed throughout the 20th century.
" For Kant's transcendental idealism, " critique " means examining and establishing the limits of the validity of a faculty, type, or body of knowledge, especially through accounting for the limitations imposed by the fundamental, irreducible concepts in use in that knowledge system.
Due to the tampering of Bastion and his Sentinels, the X-Mansion computer system Cerebro gains autonomy and seeks to destroy the X-Men by employing its knowledge of the Xavier Protocols.
His interest inside of McDonnell Douglas was focused on the enormous knowledge management and IT requirements involved in the lifecycle of an aerospace program, which served to strengthen Engelbart's resolve to motivate the information technology arena toward global interoperability and an open hyperdocument system.
It is unclear whether declarative memory is mediated by a particular “ memory system ” or if it is more accurately classified as a “ type of knowledge ” and it is not known how or why declarative memory evolved to begin with.
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