" The first well-known version of anarcho-capitalism was formulated by Austrian School economist and libertarian Murray Rothbard in the mid-twentieth century, synthesizing elements from the Austrian School of economics, classical liberalism, and nineteenth century American individualist anarchists Lysander Spooner and Benjamin Tucker ( rejecting their labor theory of value and the normative implications they derived from it ).

His labor theory of value influenced the thinking of Thomas Jefferson, who in turn shaped the way many nineteenth-century American homesteaders understood ownership of their farms.

Labor, not labor power, is the key factor of production for Marx and the basis for Marx's labor theory of value.

Human beings collectively work on nature but do not do the same work ; there is a division of labor in which people not only do different jobs, but according to Marxist theory, some people live from the work of others by owning the means of production.

Ricardian trade theory ordinarily assumes that the labor is the unique input.

Mutualism is based on a labor theory of value which holds that when labour or its product is sold, in exchange, it ought to receive goods or services embodying " the amount of labor necessary to produce an article of exactly similar and equal utility ".

However, " some mutualists have abandoned the labor theory of value, and prefer to avoid the term " socialist.

19th century individualist anarchists espoused the labor theory of value.

Some believe that the modern movement of anarcho-capitalism is the result of simply removing the labor theory of value from ideas of the 19th century American individualist anarchists: " Their successors today, such as Murray Rothbard, having abandoned the labor theory of value, describe themselves as anarcho-capitalists.

" As economic theory changed, the popularity of the labor theory of classical economics was superseded by the subjective theory of value of neo-classical economics.

Mutualism is based on a labor theory of value which holds that when labor or its product is sold, in exchange, it ought to receive goods or services embodying " the amount of labor necessary to produce an article of exactly similar and equal utility ".

However, Karl Marx never used the phrase " labor theory of value " to describe his theory of value, but instead made reference to a law of value, which is not to be confused with the classical economics concept of labor theory of price.

In 1825, the Boston house carpenters' strike for a ten-hour day was denounced by the organized employers, who declared: `` It is considered that all combinations by any classes of citizens intended to effect the value of labor tend to convert all its branches into monopolies ''.

`` Without any officious and improper interference on the subject, the price of labor or the wages of mechanics will be regulated by the demand for the manufactured article and the value of that which is paid for it ; ;

Moreover, those failing to do their duty are expected to make up planting requirements, provide funds equivalent to the value of labor required or pay heavy fines.

The lifetime cost is composed of materials, labor, machinery, engineering, cost of money, insurance, maintenance, refurbishment, and ultimately, demolition and associated disposal, recycling, and replacement, less the value of scrap and reuse of components.

The advantage of such a system lies in its ability to expand its own capacity rapidly and without additional human effort ; in essence, the initial investment required to construct the first clanking replicator would have an arbitrarily large payoff with no additional labor cost, with future returns discounted by their present value.

The rabbis recognize a positive value to the yetzer hara: one tradition identifies it with the observation on the last day of creation that God's accomplishment was " very good " ( God's work on the preceding days was just described as " good ") and explain that without the yetzer ha ' ra there would be no marriage, children, commerce or other fruits of human labor ; the implication is that yetzer ha ' tov and yetzer ha ' ra are best understood not as moral categories of good and evil but as selfless versus selfish orientations, either of which used rightly can serve God's will.

Census officials traveled throughout the Empire, assessed the value of labor and land for each landowner, and joined the landowners ' totals together to make city-wide totals of capita and iuga.

:* Always give people fair value for their labor or product.

The labor theories of value ( LTV ) are heterodox economic theories of value which argue that the value of a commodity is related to the labor needed to produce or obtain that commodity.

In contrast to the depictions of difficult labor above, an alternative version is presented in Amphitryon, a comedic play by Plautus.

Some scholars concur with this view, whereas others argue that the Gulag was neither as large nor as deadly as it is often presented, and it did not have death camps, although during some periods of its history, mortality was high in the labor camps.

After having appeared as an instrument and place for isolating counterrevolutionary and criminal elements, the Gulag, because of its principle of “ correction by forced labor ”, quickly became, in fact, an independent branch of the national economy secured on the cheap labor force presented by prisoners.

According to labor historian Philip S. Foner, the Wobbly conception of industrial democracy is intentionally not presented in detail by IWW theorists ; in that sense, the details are left to the " future development of society ".

:: For these preliminary experiments, as you may recollect, a sum not to exceed $ 200 or $ 250 was to be appropriated, and in accordance with this Mr. Lowe has presented me with the inclosed statement of items, which I think are reasonable, since nothing is charged for labor and time of the aeronaut.

This document is called a labor permit and needs to be presented to immigration in order to leave the country.

During the period of his governance, official data presented inflation as having decreased from 15 % to 3 %, public deficits diminished from 14 % to 3 %, GDP increasing at an annual average of 4 % and factual labor incomes having increased at a rate of 3 % per year.

The most mature version of this theory, presented in On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, was based on a labour theory of value in which the value of any produced object is equal to the labor embodied in the object.

( Adam Smith also presented a labor theory of value but it was only incompletely realized.

The testimonies presented at the tribunal, before an international panel, alleged a pattern of torture in Cuba's prisons and " hard labor camps ".

Molly Maguire history is sometimes presented as the prosecution of an underground movement that was motivated by personal vendettas, and sometimes as a struggle between organized labor and powerful industrial forces.

In addition, the Guatemalan executive branch has presented legislation to bring the country's labor laws into conformity with ILO recommendations.

Hillman was particularly receptive to the opportunities that government intervention in labor relations presented the union ; he not only did not have the ingrained distrust of governmental regulation that now marked Samuel Gompers and other leaders of the AFL, but had a firm belief in the sort of industrial democracy in which government helped mediate between labor and management.

* 1959: Howard Van Smith, Miami News, " for a series of articles that focused public notice on deplorable conditions in a Florida migrant labor camp, resulted in the provision of generous assistance for the 4, 000 stranded workers in the camp, and thereby called attention to the national problem presented by 1, 500, 000 migratory laborers.

Daniel Horowitz, a Professor of American Studies at Smith College points out that although Friedan presented herself as a typical suburban housewife, she was involved with radical politics and labor journalism in her youth, and during the time she wrote The Feminine Mystique she worked as a freelance journalist for women's magazines and as a community organizer.

Additionally, citizen participation in the discussions was one of the new elements introduced through the propositions that different academic, labor, social and political associations presented before the Assembly for further debate.

The award, named for the acclaimed photographer who documented early 20th century exploitation of child labor, is presented to individuals in the public eye who have shown a strong commitment to improving the lives of children.

Suplicy also presented Bills of Law requiring the knowledgement of the main debtors to the Federal Budget, to the Labour Ministry, to the Social Security and Federal Government Saving Bank ; creating the structure of the National Co-operative Society System ; granting amnesty to the labor union representatives due to political motivations ; instituting direct elections for substitutes of candidates to the Federal Senate and authorizing the Executive Power to create the Brazilian Citizenship Fund, among others.

The title of Hero is presented by various governments in recognition of acts of self-sacrifice to the state, and great achievements in combat or labor.

However, the prosecution presented evidence that Orchard had sold his share of the mine before the labor troubles began.