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language and L
Now, suppose there is a program in the language L < sub > 1 </ sub > which acts as an interpreter for L < sub > 2 </ sub >:
Also in 1937, Whorf and his friend G. L. Trager, published a paper in which they elaborated on the Azteco-Tanoan language family, proposed originally by Sapir as a family comprising the Uto-Aztecan and the Kiowa-Tanoan languages —( the Tewa and Kiowa languages ).
A language L is in BQP if and only if there exists a polynomial-time uniform family of quantum circuits, such that
An example of a context-sensitive language that is not context-free is L =
* the cyclic shift of L ( the language )
However, if L is a context-free language and D is a regular language then both their intersection and their difference are context-free languages.
Also, neither nor may be the start symbol, and the third production rule can only appear if ε is in L ( G ), namely, the language produced by the Context-Free Grammar G.
Suppose that in a mathematical language L, it is possible to enumerate all of the defined numbers in L. Let this enumeration be defined by the function G: W → R, where G ( n ) is the real number described by the nth description in the sequence.
Using the diagonal argument, it is possible to define a real number x, which is not equal to G ( n ) for any n. This means that there is a language L ' that defines x, which is undefinable in L.
The constructed international auxiliary language Esperanto was developed in the 1870s and 80s by L. L. Zamenhof, and first published in 1887.
A formal language L over an alphabet Σ is a subset of Σ < sup >*</ sup >, that is, a set of words over that alphabet.
In the philosophy of language these views are often associated with Wittgenstein ’ s later works and with ordinary language philosophers such as Paul Grice, John Searle and J. L. Austin.
" La Espero " (" The Hope ") is a poem written by L. L. Zamenhof ( 1859 – 1917 ), the initiator of the Esperanto language.
A language L is in NP if and only if there exist polynomials p and q, and a deterministic Turing machine M, such that
The complexity class of decision problems solvable by an algorithm in class A with an oracle for a language L is called A < sup > L </ sup >.
When a language L is complete for some class B, then A < sup > L </ sup >= A < sup > B </ sup > provided that machines in A can execute reductions used in the completeness definition of class B.

language and
Proof: Fix a first-order language L, and let Σ be a collection of L-sentences such that every finite subcollection of L-sentences, i Σ of it has a model.

language and Σ
The following rules describe a formal language over the alphabet Σ =
When considered over a countable language, the completeness and compactness theorems are equivalent to each other and equivalent to a weak form of choice known as weak König's lemma, with the equivalence provable in RCA < sub > 0 </ sub > ( a second-order variant of Peano arithmetic restricted to induction over Σ < sup > 0 </ sup >< sub style =" margin-left :- 0. 6em "> 1 </ sub > formulas ).
* For each a ∈ Σ ( a belongs to Σ ), the singleton language
Consider the theory obtained by adding a new constant symbol ε to the language and adjoining to Σ the axiom ε > 0 and the axioms ε < 1 / n for all positive integers n. Clearly, the standard real numbers R are a model for every finite subset of these axioms, because the real numbers satisfy everything in Σ and, by suitable choice of ε, can be made to satisfy any finite subset of the axioms about ε.
In the language of measure theory, Markov's inequality states that if ( X, Σ, μ ) is a measure space, ƒ is a measurable extended real-valued function, and, then
If Σ is a finite alphabet ( a set of symbols ), then Σ < sup >∗</ sup > ( the Kleene star of Σ ) consists of all words over Σ in the sense of formal language theory.

language and recognized
Austrian German is the only variety of a pluricentric language recognized under international law / EU primary law.
Today, Breton is the only living Celtic language that is not recognized as an official or regional language.
For purposes of international communication and trade, the official names of the chemical elements both ancient and more recently recognized are decided by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC ), which has decided on a sort of international English language, drawing on traditional English names even when an element's chemical symbol is based on a Latin or other traditional word, for example adopting " gold " rather than " aurum " as the name for the 79th element ( Au ).
Issues of concern in the philosophy of consciousness include whether the concept is fundamentally valid ; whether consciousness can ever be explained mechanistically ; whether non-human consciousness exists and if so how it can be recognized ; how consciousness relates to language ; and whether it may ever be possible for computers or robots to be conscious.
If the possibility of adding the empty string to a language is added to the strings recognized by the noncontracting grammars ( which can never include the empty string ) then the languages in these two definitions are identical.
Romansh came to be a written language, and therefore it is recognized as a language, even though it is very close to the Lombardic alpine dialects.
In Lebanon, the right-wing Guardians of the Cedars, a fiercely nationalistic ( mainly Christian ) political party which opposes the country's ties to the Arab world, is agitating for " Lebanese " to be recognized as a distinct language from Arabic and not merely a dialect, and has even advocated replacing the Arabic alphabet with a revival of the ancient Phoenician alphabet, which lacks a number of characters to write typical Arabic phonemes present in Lebanese, and lost by Phoenician ( and Hebrew ) in the second millennium BC.
Esperanto has never been a secondary official language of any recognized country.
Like Finnish and Hungarian, Estonian is a somewhat agglutinative language, but unlike them, it has lost the vowel harmony of the hypothetical Proto-Uralic language, although in older texts the vowel harmony can still be recognized.
Furthermore, Greek is officially recognized as a minority language in parts of Italy and Albania, as well as in Armenia, Romania and Ukraine as a regional or minority language in the framework of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.
* Amerindian languages ( 23 officially recognized languages, all from the Mayan language family except Garifuna and Xinca )-40 %:
While much of the attempt at gender equity in mainstream Christianity ( Judaism never recognized any gender for God ) is aimed at reinterpreting scripture and degenderizing language used to name and describe the divine ( Ruether, 1984 ; Plaskow, 1991 ), there are a growing number of people who identify as Christians or Jews who are trying to integrate goddess imagery into their religions ( Kien, 2000 ; Kidd 1996 ," Goddess Christians Yahoogroup ").
Croatian constitution guarantees freedom of speech, but Croatian penal code prohibits and punishes anyone " who based on differences of race, religion, language, political or any other belief, wealth, birth, education, social status or other properties, gender, skin color, nationality or ethnicity violates basic human rights and freedoms recognized from international community ".
Italian is also recognized as an official language in Istria County, Croatia and Slovenian Istria where there are significant and historic Italian populations.
These include recognized language groups such as, Neapolitan, Sardinian, Sicilian, Ligurian, Piedmontese, Venetian, and others, and regional variants of these languages such as Calabrian.
Regional differences can be recognized by various factors: the openness of vowels, the length of the consonants, and influence of the local language ( for example, in informal situations the contraction annà replaces andare in the area of Rome for the infinitive " to go "; and nare is what Venetians say for the infinitive " to go ").
The similarities between those languages are caused by language contact, not by chance or common origin, and are not recognized as criteria that define a language family.
The third generation consists of credible attempts at this single industry-standard language, with Unified Modeling Language standardizing the method was recognized, and the languages developed into notations that are suitable for a wide range of development methods.
The Pomeranian language, and its only surviving form, Kashubian, traditionally have not been recognized by the majority of Polish linguists, and have been treated in Poland as " the most distinct dialect of Polish ".
GPDA's and PDA's are equivalent in that if a language is recognized by a PDA, it is also recognized by a GPDA and vice versa.

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