If Russian pupils have to take these languages, how come American students have a choice whether or not to take a language, but have to face so many exceptions??

The result of this attitude has been the domination of many orthography conferences by such considerations as typographic ' esthetics ', which usually turns out to be nothing more than certain prejudices carried over from European languages.

We need many more studies of this sort if the design of written languages is to be put on a sound basis.

It is evident that Swadesh has not only had much experience with basic vocabulary in many languages but has acquired great tact and feeling for the expectable behavior of lexical items.

Another advantage of Phoenician was that it could be used to write down many different languages, since it recorded words phonemically.

European alphabets, especially Latin and Cyrillic, have been adapted for many languages of Asia.

Some alphabets disregard tone entirely, especially when it does not carry a heavy functional load, as in Somali and many other languages of Africa and the Americas.

At the other extreme are languages such as English, where the spelling of many words simply has to be memorized as they do not correspond to sounds in a consistent way.

Algorithms can be expressed in many kinds of notation, including natural languages, pseudocode, flowcharts, programming languages or control tables ( processed by interpreters ).

Furthermore, they argued that many of the typological features of the supposed Altaic languages, such as agglutinative morphology and SOV word order, usually co-occur in languages.

The German dialects of South Tyrol have been influenced by local Romance languages, in particular with many loan words from Italian, and Ladin.

ALGOL ( short for ALGOrithmic Language ) is a family of imperative computer programming languages originally developed in the mid 1950s which greatly influenced many other languages and was the standard method for algorithm description used by the ACM, in textbooks, and academic works for the next 30 years and more.

The book went through many editions, was reprinted in the United States and translated into German and other languages.

This alphabet has influenced development of orthographies of many African languages ( serving " as the basis for the transcription " of about 60, by one count ), but not all, and discussions of harmonization of systems of transcription that led to, among other things, adoption of the African reference alphabet.

Vowels and their corresponding semivowels alternate in many languages depending on the phonological environment, or for grammatical reasons, as is the case with Indo-European ablaut.

It is also similar to the use of quotation marks in many other languages ( including Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Catalan, Dutch and German ).

* Asterix around the World – The many languages

The same case is used in many languages for the objects of ( some or all ) prepositions.

He composed also a number of different works including many art songs in different languages and a number of important piano pieces, like the five " Doloras " ( 1914 ), which he later orchestrated and are normally played in concerts in Chile and Latinamerica.

However, an ADT may be implemented by specific data types or data structures, in many ways and in many programming languages ; or described in a formal specification language.

As in so many programming languages, the operation ( V, x ) is often written V ← x ( or some similar notation ), and ( V ) is implied whenever a variable V is used in a context where a value is required.

Developments in the systematic study of ancient civilizations through the disciplines of Classics and Egyptology informed both archaeology and eventually social anthropology, as did the study of East and South Asian languages and cultures.

Among the Baltic peoples are modern Lithuanians, Latvians ( including Latgalians ) — all Eastern Balts — as well as the Prussians, Yotvingians and Galindians — the Western Balts — whose languages and cultures are now extinct.

The island's residents can be grouped into five main cultures ; Scottish, Mi ' kmaq, Acadian, Irish, and English, with respective languages Gaelic ( Scottish and Irish ), Mi ' kmaq, French, and English.

A variety of factors, scholars argue, lead to the elimination of cultures, worldviews, and epistemologies, such as " de-linguicization " ( replacing native African languages with European ones ) and devaluing ontologies that are not explicitly individualistic.

The Instrumentality attempts to revive old cultures and languages in a process known as the Rediscovery of Man.

It constitutes a diverse, heterogeneous and eclectic global community representing different regions, languages, cultures, and faiths ( see Desi ).

Furthermore, it can enable indigenous communities to “ reclaim and revalue their languages and cultures, and in so doing, improve the educational success of indigenous students .”

As director of the Anthropological division of the Geological Survey of Canada, Sapir embarked on a project to document the Indigenous cultures and languages of Canada.

" Sapir also studied the languages and cultures of Wishram Chinook, Navajo, Nootka, Paiute, Takelma, and Yana.

Classical education in this period also did not teach local languages and cultures.

Instead it taught ancient languages ( Greek and Latin ) and their cultures.

This produced odd social effects in which an intellectual class might be more loyal to ancient cultures and institutions than to their native vernacular languages and their actual governing authorities.

Historic forms of graffiti have helped gain understanding into the lifestyles and languages of past cultures.

These early forms of graffiti have contributed to the understanding of lifestyles and languages of past cultures.

Pre-Christian and pre-Islamic goddesses in cultures that spoke Indo-European languages.

Research into oral epics in Serbo-Croatian and Turkic languages, pioneered by the aforementioned Parry and Lord, began convincing scholars that long poems could be preserved with consistency by oral cultures until they are written down.

The many island cultures within the Polynesian Triangle share similar languages derived from a proto-Malayo-Polynesian language used in Southeast Asia 5, 000 years ago.

The area of Indonesia is populated by peoples of various migrations, creating a diversity of cultures, ethnicities, and languages.

The IAI's mission is " to promote the education of the public in the study of Africa and its languages and cultures ".

He declared that the aims of the congress were freedom of religion, right to form associations, freedom of expression of thought, equality before law for every individual without distinction of caste, colour, creed or religion, protection to regional languages and cultures, safeguarding the interests of the peasants and labour, abolition of untouchability, introduction of adult franchise, imposition of prohibition, nationalisation of industries, socialism, and establishment of a secular India.

While the original Syriac retained the original description which Mani created, the transformation of the deities through other languages and cultures produced incarnations of the deities not implied in the original Syriac writings.

Some include the classical Mesoamerican cultures, still in use today in the modern indigenous languages of their descendants, namely the Nahuatl and Mayan languages ( see Maya numerals ).

In today's increasingly globalized world, poets often adapt forms, styles and techniques from diverse cultures and languages.